Unit 7-Cognition and Language

College Board Standards:

• Compare and contrast various cognitive processes:
  • Effortful versus automatic processing
  • Deep versus shallow processing
  • Focused versus divided attention.
• Describe and differentiate psychological and physiological systems of memory (e.g., short-term memory, procedural memory).
• Outline the principles that underlie effective encoding, storage, and construction of memories.
• Describe strategies for memory improvement.
• Synthesize how biological, cognitive, and cultural factors converge to facilitate acquisition, development, and use of language.
• Identify problem-solving strategies as well as factors that influence their effectiveness.
• List the characteristics of creative thought and creative thinkers.
• Identify key contributors in cognitive psychology (e.g., Noam Chomsky, Hermann Ebbinghaus, Wolfgang Köhler, Elizabeth Loftus, George A. Miller).

APA Standards for Cognition

Encoding of memory

• 1.1 Identify factors that influence encoding.
• 1.2 Characterize the difference between shallow (surface) and deep (elaborate) processing.
• 1.3 Discuss strategies for improving the encoding of memory.
• Storage of memory
  • 2.1 Describe the differences between working memory and long-term memory.
  • 2.2 Identify and explain biological processes related to how memory is stored.
  • 2.3 Discuss types of memory and memory disorders (e.g., amnesias, dementias).
  • 2.4 Discuss strategies for improving the storage of memories.
• Retrieval of memory
  • 3.1 Analyze the importance of retrieval cues in memory.
  • 3.2 Explain the role that interference plays in retrieval.
  • 3.3 Discuss the factors influencing how memories are retrieved.
  • 3.4. Explain how memories can be malleable.
  • 3.5 Discuss strategies for improving the retrieval of memories.