-Cover: Rigid boards (usually cardboard or chipboard) wrapped in paper, cloth, faux leather, or other durable materials.
-Binding: Pages are either sewn or glued together, then attached to the hard cover (“cased-in”).
-Spine: Can be flat or rounded, often reinforced for durability.
-Pros: Very durable, professional and elegant appearance,
protects pages well, long-lasting.
-Cons: Heavier, more expensive, doesn’t always lay flat when opened.
-Common Uses: Thesis, photo albums, textbooks, collector’s editions,
and library books.