Embedded Files
Our Health Attitudes/Behaviors Publications
Ma, L. & Clark, E. M. (in press). Examining the association between willingness to self-disclose to romantic partner and physical health: The mediating roles of relationship factors and self-esteem. Couple and Family Psychology: Research and Practice.
Knott, C. L., McCullers, A. C., Woodard, N., Aldana, V., Williams, B., R., Clark, E.M., Schootman, M., Park, C. L., He, X., & Ghosh, D. (2025). Community engagement to inform multi-level analyses of the role of neighborhood-level factors in cancer control behaviors in African Americans. Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers, and Prevention, 34(4), 500-509.
Reyes, M. A., Clark, E. M., & Matsuo, H. (2025). The association between relationship status and health: The role of relationship quality, past relationship experiences, and gender. Contemporary Family Therapy, 47(2), 242-261.
Clark, E. M., Ma, L., Rigdon, S. E., Williams, B. R., Parks, C. L., Ghosh, D., Woodard, N., & Knott, C. L. (2024). Identifying variation in physical health behaviors and depressive symptoms among religiosity clusters of African American adults in the United States. Journal of Religion and Health, 63(4), 3027-3049.
Evans, L., Chang, A., Dehon, J., Streb, M., Bruce, M., Clark, E. M., & Handal, P. J. (2024). The relationships between perceived mental illness prevalence, mental illness stigma, and attitudes toward help-seeking. Current Psychology, 43, 1806-1815.
Ma, L. & Clark, E. M. (2023). Willingness to self-disclose in romantic relationships only marginally predicts COVID stress but there are indirect effects of self-esteem and relationship commitment. Social and Personality Psychology Compass. ArtID e12888.
Clark, E. M., Ma, L., Williams, B. R., Ghosh, D., Park, C. L., Schulz, E., Woodard, N., & Knott, C. L. (2023). A longitudinal study of social, religious, and spiritual capital and physical and emotional functioning in a national sample of African Americans. Journal of Community Psychology, 51(3), 978-997.
Clark, E. M., Ma, L., Williams,, B. R., Park, C. L., Knott, C. L., Schulz, E., & Ghosh, D. (2022). Social support as a mediator of the personality-physical functioning relationship in a national sample of African Americans: A two-wave longitudinal study. Journal of Black Psychology, 48(1), 43-66.
Schulz, E., Clark, E. M., Ghosh, D., Williams, B. R., Williams, R., Ma, L., Park, C. L., & Knott, C. L. (2022). Disability and health in African Americans: Population research and implications for occupational therapy community based practice. Open Journal of Occupational Therapy, 10(1), 1-19.
Schulz, E., Bay, C. R., Clark, E. M., Williams, B. R., Park, C. L., Ma, L., & Knott, C. L. (2021). Predictors of African American belief in illness as punishment for sin. Spiritual Psychology and Counseling, 6(3), 31-47.
Williams, B. R., Williams, R. M., Clark, E. M., Park, C. L., Schulz, E., & Knott, C. L., & Gosh, D. (2021). Marital status and depressive symptoms in African Americans: The moderating role of social and religious resources. Journal of Family Issues, 47(7), 1403-1428.
Jackson, S. & Clark, E. M. (2021). Resilience as a function of sleep deprivation, stress, and coping. Saint Louis University McNair Journal, 4, 14-18.
Clark, E. M., Ma, L., Knott, C. L., Williams, B. R., Park, C. L., Schulz, E., & Ghosh, D. (2020). A longitudinal examination of social support as a mediator of the personality-health relationship in a national sample of African Americans. Journal of Black Psychology, 46, 607-637.
Park, C. L., Knott, C. L., Williams, B. R., Clark, E. M., Williams, R. M., & Schulz, E. (2020). Meaning of life predicts decreased depressive symptoms and increased positive affect over time but does not buffer stress effects in a national sample of African Americans. Journal of Happiness Studies, 21, 3037-3049.
Knott, C. L., Ghosh, D., Williams, B. R., Park, C. L., Schulz, E., Williams, R. M., Bell, C., & Clark, E. M. (2020). Do neighborhood characteristics contribute beyond individual demographics to cancer control behaviors among African American adults? Cancer Epidemiology, 64, 101666.
Clark, E. M., Williams, R. M., Park, C. L., Schulz, E., Williams, B. R., & Knott, C. L. (2019). Explaining the relationship between personality and health in a national sample of African Americans: The mediating role of social support. Journal of Black Psychology, 45, 339-375
Park, C. L., Clark, E. M., Schulz, E., Williams, B. R., Williams, R. M., & Holt, C. L. (2019). Unique contribution of education to behavioral and psychosocial antecedents of health in a national sample of African Americans. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 42, 860-872.
Clark, E. M., Williams, B. R., Huang, J., Roth, D. L., & Holt, C. L. (2018). A longitudinal study of religiosity, spiritual health locus of control, and health behaviors in a national sample of African Americans. Journal of Religion and Health, 57, 2258-2278.
Clark, E. M., Williams, R. W., Schulz, E., , Willaams, B. R., & Holt, C. L. (2018). Personality, social capital, and depressive symptomatolocy among African Americans. Journal of Black Psychology, 44, 422-449.
Holt, C. L., Roth, D. L., Huang, J., & Clark, E. M. (2018). Role of religious social support in longitudinal relationships between religiosity and health-related outcomes in African Americans. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 41, 62-73.
Holt, C. L., Roth, D. L., Huang, J., Park, C., & Clark, E. M. (2017). Longitudinal effects of religious involvement on religious coping and health behaviors in a national sample of African Americans. Social Science and Medicine, 187, 11-19.
Bosch, J., Weaver T. L., Arnold, L. D., & Clark, E. M. (2017). The impact of intimate partner violence on women's physical health: Findings from the Missouri Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Survey. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 32, 3402-3419.
Clark, E. M., Huang, J., Roth, D. L., Schulz, E., Williams, B. R., & Holt, C. L. (2017). The relationship between religious beliefs and behaviours and changes in spiritual health locus of control over time in a national sample of African Americans. Mental Health, Religion and Culture, 71, 449-463.
Clark, E. M., Holt, C. L., Wang, M. Q., Williams, B. R., & Schulz, E. (2017). Which personality traits moderate the relationship between religious capital and depressive symptomology in a national sample of African Americans? Journal of Black Psychology, 43, 517-537.
Roth, D. L., Usher, T., Clark, E. M., & Holt, C. L. (2016). Religious involvement and health over time: Predictive effects in a national sample of African Americans. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 55, 417-424.
Le, D., Holt, C. L., Hosack, D. P., Huang, J., & Clark, E. M. (2016). Religious participation is associated with increases in religious social support in a national longitudinal study of African Americans. Journal of Religion and Health, 55, 1449-1460.
Holt, C. L., Le, D., Calvanelli, J. V., Huang, J., Clark, E. M., Roth, D. L., Williams, B. R., & Schulz, E. (2015). Participant retention in a national telephone survey of African American men and women. Ethnicity & Disease, 25, 187-192.
Holt, C. L., Roth, D. L., Huang, J., & Clark, E. M. (2015). Gender differences in the roles of religion and locus of control on alcohol use and smoking among African Americans. Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs, 76, 482-492.
Williams, B. R., Wang, M. Q., Schulz, E., Clark, E. M., & Holt, C. L. (2015). Social integration and health insurance status among African American men and women. Journal of Women and Aging, 27, 195-215.
Holt, C. L., Clark, E. M., Wang, M. Q., Williams, B. R., & Schulz, E. (2015). The religion-health connection among African Americans: What is the role of social capital? Journal of Community and Applied Social Psychology, 25, 1-18.
Sanders Thompson, V. L., Harris, J., Clark, E. M., Purnell, J., & Deshpande, A. D. (2015). Broadening the examination of socio-cultural constructs relevant to African American colorectal cancer screening. Psychology, Health & Medicine, 20, 47-58.
Holt, C. L., Clark, E. M., & Roth, D. L. (2014). Positive and negative religious beliefs explainingthe religion-health connection among African Americans. International Journal for Psychology of Religion, 24, 311-331.
Holt, C. L., Schulz, E., Williams, B. R., Clark, E. M., & Wang, M. Q. (2014). Social support as a mediator of religious involvement and physical and emotional functioning in a national sample of African Americans. Mental Health, Religion & Culture, 17, 421-435.
Holt, C. L., Roth, D. L., Clark, E. M., Debnam, K. J. (2014). Positive self-perceptions as a mediator of religious involvement and health behaviors in a national sample of African Americans. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 37, 102-112.
Holt, C. L., Clark, E. M., Debnam, K. J., & Roth, D. L. (2014). Religious involvement and health behaviors in a national sample of African Americans: The role of religious coping. American Journal of Health Behavior, 38, 190-199.
Clark, E. M., Holt, C. L., Wang, M. Q., Williams, B. R., & Schulz, E. (2013). The relationship between spiritual health locus of control and social and religious capital. Counselling & Spirituality, 32, 105-121.
Holt, C. L., Wang, M. Q., Clark, E. M., Williams, B. R., & Schulz, E. (2013). Religious involvement and physical and emotional functioning among African Americans: The mediating role of religious support. Psychology and Health, 28, 267-283.
Sanders Thompson, V. L., Clark, E. M., & Purnell, J. (2012). The role of African American racial identification in health behavior. In Sullivan, J. M. & Esmail, A. (Eds.). African American identity: Racial and cultural dimensions of the Black experience (pp. 189-220). Lanham, MD: Lexington Books.
Holt, C. L., Schulz, E., Williams, B. R., Clark, E. M., & Wang, M. Q. (2012). Assessment of religious and spiritual capital in African American communities. Journal of Religion and Health, 51, 1061-1074.
Recent Health Attitudes Presentations
Holt, C. L., Clark, E. M., Huang, J., Park, C., Roth, D. L., Schulz, E., Williams, B. R., Williams, R. M. (2018, April). Religion and health: Recommendations for practice from a longitudinal national study of African American men and women. Symposium presentation at the annual meetings of the Society of Behavioral Medicine. New Orleans, LA.
Schulz, E., Bay, C., Williams, B. R., Clark, E. M., & Huang, J. (2017, November). Dietary behaviors supported by family structure in African American adults. Presented at the National Council on Family Relationships Conference. Orlando, FL.
Schulz, E., Bay, C., Williams, B. R., Clark, E. M., & Huang, J. (2017, June). Family structure: Does it play a role in healthy lifestyle for African Americans? Presented at the Groves Conference on Marriage and Family. Charleston, SC.
Holt, C. L., Roth, D. L., Huang, J., Clark, E. M., & Park, C. L. (2017, March). Does religious social support mediate the relationship between religiosity and cancer control behaviors in African Americans? Presented at the annual meetings of the Society of Behavioral Medicine. San Diego, CA.
Le, D., Holt, C. L., Roth, D. L., Huang, J., & Clark, E. M. (2015, November). Factor structure of a revised Spiritual Health Locus of Control (SHLOC) Scale in a national sample of African Americans. Presented at the annual meetings of the American Public Health Association. Chicago.
Holt, C. L., Huang, J., Roth, D. L., Clark, E. M., & Le, D. (2015, April). Changes in religious involvement and health behaviors and outcomes over four years in African Americans. Presented at the annual meetings of the Society of Behavioral Medicine. San Antonio, TX.
Holt, C. L., Le, D., Roth, D. L., Huang, J., & Clark, E. M. (2014, August). Religion, spiritual health locus of control, and health risk behaviors in African Americans. Presented at the 13th International Congress of Behavioral Medicine: Innovation in Behavioral Medicine. Groningen, The Netherlands.
Williams, B. R., Holt, C. L., Clark, E. M., Wang, M. Q., & Schulz, E. (2014, March). The religion-health connection among African Americans: The role of social capital. Presented at the University of Alabama at Birmingham Health Disparities Research Symposium. Birmingham, AL.
Holt, C. L., Clark, E. M., & Roth, D. (2011, June). Religious involvement and cancer risk, prevention, and screening behaviors in a national sample of African Americans. Presented at the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer International Symposium. Athens, Greece.
Holt, C. L., Clark, E. M., & Roth, D. (2011, April). Explaining the religion-health connection: Potential mediators among a national sample of African Americans. Presented at the annual meetings of the Society for Behavioral Medicine, Washington, DC.
Debnam, K. J., Holt, C. L., Clark, E. M., Roth, D., Crowther, M., Fouad, M. N., Foushee, H. R., &Southward, P. (2010, November). Spiritual health locus of control and preventive health behaviors in a national sample of African Americans. Presented at the annual meetings of the American Public Health Association. Denver, CO.
Debnam, K. J., Holt, C. L., Clark, E. M., & Roth, D. (2010, November). Religious social support and cancer prevention and screening behaviors in a national sample of African Americans. Presented at the annual meetings of the American Public Health Association. Denver, CO.
Holt, C.L., Clark, E. M., Williams, B., Schulz, E., & Wang, M.Q. (2010, April). Spiritual and social capital and functioning in a national sample of African Americans. Presented at annual meetings of the Society of Behavioral Medicine. Seattle, WA.
Holt, C.L., Clark, E.M., Williams, B., Schulz, E., & Wang, M. Q. (2010, April). Social and religious support in physical and emotional functioning in a national sample of African Americans. Presented at annual meetings of the Society of Behavioral Medicine. Seattle, WA.
Holt, C. L, Clark, E. M., Schulz, E., Williams, B., & Southward, P. (2009, November). Development and validation of instruments to assess spiritual capital. Presented at the annual meetings of the American Public Health Association. Philadelphia, PA.
Let no corrupting talk come out of your mouths, but only such as is good for building up, as fits the occasion,
that it may give grace to those who hear. -- Ephesians 4:29
It's one of the greatest gifts you can give yourself, to forgive. Forgive everybody. -- Maya Angelou
For our struggle is not against flesh and blood, but against the rulers, against the authorities, against the powers of this dark world and against the spiritual forces of evil in the heavenly realms. --- Ephesians 6:12
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