Embedded Files
ACTIVITY 9: MAP SKILLS
ACTIVITY 9: MAP SKILLS
IMAGE: The First and Second Great Migrations
IMAGE: The First and Second Great Migrations
IMAGE: Great Migration 1910 to 1970. -UrbanPopulation. Public Domain via WMC. | The Great Migration generally refers to the massive internal migration of Blacks from the South to urban centers in other parts of the country. Between 1910 and 1970, an estimated 6 million Blacks left the South. This graphic compares the early migration (1910-1940), sometimes referred to as the First Great Migration, and the later (1940-1970) also known as the Second Great Migration.
In the early 20th century, strict legislation limited immigration into the U.S. and brought about a shortage of labor in many industrial and manufacturing centers in the Northeast and Midwest. These cities became common destinations for Black migrants from the South. Cities that experienced substantial changes in racial composition between 1910 and 1940 include Chicago, Detroit, New York City, and Philadelphia. During and after WWII, Black migrants flooded into many of the cities that were destinations before the war, following friends and relatives that had made the journey earlier. Poor economic conditions in the Jim Crow South spurred a larger migration flow than was the case in the 1910-to-1940 period and resulted in the creation of large Black population centers in many cities across the Northeast, Midwest, and West.
NOTE: Data are from decennial censuses, 1910 through 1970. Population counts are based on unrevised numbers. Data for the Black population for cities in Alaska and Hawaii were not available in 1940 or earlier decades. Cities shown are those that were either in the top 100 cities in the country or top 3 of a state and had a Black population of at least 100 people. These criteria were placed on 1940 data for the First Great Migration and 1970 data for the Second Great Migration.
In the early 20th century, strict legislation limited immigration into the U.S. and brought about a shortage of labor in many industrial and manufacturing centers in the Northeast and Midwest. These cities became common destinations for Black migrants from the South. Cities that experienced substantial changes in racial composition between 1910 and 1940 include Chicago, Detroit, New York City, and Philadelphia. During and after WWII, Black migrants flooded into many of the cities that were destinations before the war, following friends and relatives that had made the journey earlier. Poor economic conditions in the Jim Crow South spurred a larger migration flow than was the case in the 1910-to-1940 period and resulted in the creation of large Black population centers in many cities across the Northeast, Midwest, and West.
NOTE: Data are from decennial censuses, 1910 through 1970. Population counts are based on unrevised numbers. Data for the Black population for cities in Alaska and Hawaii were not available in 1940 or earlier decades. Cities shown are those that were either in the top 100 cities in the country or top 3 of a state and had a Black population of at least 100 people. These criteria were placed on 1940 data for the First Great Migration and 1970 data for the Second Great Migration.
IMAGE: Picture of African-American apartments in Chicago, Illinois during the Great Migration. April 1941. Public Domain via WMC
IMAGE: Three African American women in Harlem during the Harlem Renaissance, ca. 1925, CCA 4.0 via WMC
ACTIVITY 10: TIMELINE
ACTIVITY 10: TIMELINE
IMAGE: Adobe Stock
ACTIVITY 11: SOURCES
ACTIVITY 11: SOURCES
PROHIBITION
PROHIBITION
IMAGE: Prohibition agents destroying barrels of alcohol (United States, prohibition era), 1921. Public Domain via WMC.
IMAGE: Wayne Bidwell Wheeler, 1922. Public Domain via WMC.
ACTIVITY 12: FIGURES IN HISTORY
ACTIVITY 12: FIGURES IN HISTORY
GERTRUDE STEIN
GERTRUDE STEIN
IMAGE: Gertrude Stein, 11/4/1934. Public Domain via WMC.
IMAGE: ime magazine, Volume 22 Issue 11, September 11, 1933 The cover shows Gertrude Stein. Public Domain via WMC.
ZORA NEALE HURSTON
ZORA NEALE HURSTON
IMAGE: US author Zora Neale Hurston, portrait photo wearing a hat, 1935-1943. Public Domain via WMC.
IMAGE: Zora Neale Hurston, 3. April 1938. Copyright holder allows for any reuse via WMC. an Vechten, Carl, 1880-1964, photographer
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