Zdravotnícky pracovník ako osoba prvého kontaktu s obeťou domáceho násilia

Zoznam použitej literatúry

Eisikovits, Z. - Buchbinder, E. - Mor, M. (1998). "What it was won't be anymore": Reaching the turning point in coping with intimate violence. Journal of women and social work, vol. 13, no. 4, pp. 411-434. ISSN 0886-1099.

EKZP. (2010). Etický kódex zdravotníckeho pracovníka. Ústredný portál verejnej správy Slovenskej republiky. [online], [citované 10.05.2010]. Dostupné na internete: <http://tinyurl.com/ekzp2010>

Enander, V. - Holmberg, C. (2008). Why does she leave? The leaving process(es) of battered women. Health care for women international, vol. 29, no. 3, pp. 200-226. ISSN 0739-9332.

Hamilton, B. - Coates, J. (1993). Perceived helpfulness and use of professional services by abused women. Journal of family violence, vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 313-324. ISSN 0885-7482.

Chang, J.C. - Dado, D. - Ashton, S. - Hawker, L. - Patricia, A.C. - Buranosky, R. - Scholle, S.H. (2006). Understanding behavior change for women experiencing intimate partner violence: Mapping the ups and downs using the stages of change. Patient education and counseling, vol. 62, no. 3, pp. 330-339. ISSN 0738-3991.

Chang, J.C. - Dado, D. - Hawker, L. - Cluss, P.A. - Buranosky, R. - Slagel, L. - McNeil, M. - Scholle, S.H. (2010). Understanding turning points in intimate partner violence: factors and circumstances leading women victims toward change. Journal of womens health, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 251-259. ISSN 1540-9996.

Chang, J.C. - Decker, M.R. - Moracco, K.E. - Martin, S.L. - Petersen, R. - Frasier, P.Y. (2005a). Asking about intimate partner violence: advice from female survivors to health care providers. Patient education and counseling, vol. 59, no. 2, pp. 141-147. ISSN 0738-3991.

Chang, J.C. - Ranieri, L. - Hawker, L. - Buranosky, R. - Dado, D. - McNeil, M. - Scholle, S.H. (2005b). Health care interventions for intimate partner violence: What women want. Womens health issues, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 21-30. ISSN 1049-3867.

Chen, Y.Y. - Ullman, S.E. (2010). Women's reporting of sexual and physical assaults to police in the national violence against women survey. Violence against women, vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 262-279. ISSN 1077-8012.

Kim, J. - Gray, K.A. (2008). Leave or stay? Battered women's decision after intimate partner violence. Journal of interpersonal violence, vol. 23, no. 10, pp. 1465-1482. ISSN 0886-2605.

Lee, H.Y. - Park, E. - Lightfoot, E. (2010). When does a battered woman seek help from the police? The role of battered women's functionality. Journal of family violence, vol. 25, no. 2, pp. 195-204. ISSN 0885-7482.

Rhodes, K.V. - Frankel, R.M. - Levinthal, N. - Prenoveau, E. - Bailey, J. - Levinson, W. (2007). "You're not a victim of domestic violence, are you?" Provider-patient communication about domestic violence. Annals of internal medicine, vol. 147, no. 9, pp. 620-627. ISSN 0003-4819.

Westbrook, L. (2009). Information myths and intimate partner violence: sources, contexts, and consequences. Journal of the american society for information science and technology, vol. 60, no. 4, pp. 826-836. ISSN 1532-2882.

Wilson, K.S. - Silberberg, M.R. - Brown, A.J. - Yaggy, S.D. (2007). Health needs and barriers to healthcare of women who have experienced intimate partner violence. Journal of womens health, vol. 16, no. 10, pp. 1485-1498. ISSN 1540-9996.

Zink, T. - Elder, N. - Jacobsen, J. (2003). How children affect the mother/victim's process in intimate partner violence. Archives of pediatrics & adolescent medicine, vol. 157, no. 6, pp. 587-592. ISSN 1072-4710.

Abstrakty článkov z použitej literatúry

Eisikovits, Z. - Buchbinder, E. - Mor, M. (1998). "What it was won't be anymore": Reaching the turning point in coping with intimate violence. Journal of women and social work, vol. 13, no. 4, pp. 411-434. ISSN 0886-1099.

ABSTRAKT: This article presents a study of the experiences of 20 battered Israeli women in the process of reaching the turning point in their experience of abuse-the point at which they refused to live with violence and took active steps to stop if while living with the perpetrators. The process needs to be understood as a series of losses on the personal and interpersonal levels that, taken together, lead to a total change in the women's meaning systems.

Enander, V. - Holmberg, C. (2008). Why does she leave? The leaving process(es) of battered women. Health care for women international, vol. 29, no. 3, pp. 200-226. ISSN 0739-9332.

ABSTRAKT: In this article, the authors present the main findings from a qualitative study of processes undergone by women who have left abusive male partners. Three overlapping leaving processes are described: Breaking Up, Becoming Free, and Understanding. Breaking Up covers action (i.e., the physical breakup), and the turning point by which it is preceded or with which it coincides is analyzed. Becoming Free covers emotion and involves release from the strong emotional bond to the batterer, a process that entails four stages. Understanding covers cognition, and is a process in which the woman perceives and interprets what she has been subjected to as violence and herself as a battered woman.

Hamilton, B. - Coates, J. (1993). Perceived helpfulness and use of professional services by abused women. Journal of family violence, vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 313-324. ISSN 0885-7482.

ABSTRAKT: Many abused women use professional and community services and begin to talk to professionals about the abuse they have endured. This article presents and discusses results of a study of 270 abused women who used the services of professionals and service agencies. The article presents information on the frequency of contact and the perceived helpfulness of different professions. Also presented are the types of responses which were considered to be useful and ineffective. This study revealed that the most frequently contacted professions were not necessarily perceived to be the most helpful. Further, certain responses of the service providers were more frequently reported to have value.

Chang, J.C. - Dado, D. - Ashton, S. - Hawker, L. - Patricia, A.C. - Buranosky, R. - Scholle, S.H. (2006). Understanding behavior change for women experiencing intimate partner violence: Mapping the ups and downs using the stages of change. Patient education and counseling, vol. 62, no. 3, pp. 330-339. ISSN 0738-3991.

ABSTRAKT: Objective: For women who are experiencing intimate partner violence (IPV), making changes toward safety is often a gradual process. When providing counseling and support, health care providers may benefit from better understanding of where women are in their readiness to change. Our objective was to apply the transtheoretical model's stages of change to the experiences of women who experienced IPV and map their experiences of change as they moved toward increased safety. Methods: A multi-disciplinary team designed a qualitative interview process with 20 women who had current or past histories of IPV in order to explore their experiences. Results: The women in our study (1) moved through stages of readiness generally in a nonlinear fashion, with varying rates of progression between safe and nonsafe situations, (2) were able to identify a "turning-point" in their situations, (3) attempted multiple "action" steps and (4) were influenced by internal and external factors. Conclusions: Our study suggests that focusing on the transtheoretical model to develop stage-based interventions for IPV may not be the most appropriate given the nonsequential movement between stages and influence of external factors. Practice implications: The "change mapping" technique can be used as an educational and counseling tool with patients, as well as a training tool for health care providers. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Chang, J.C. - Dado, D. - Hawker, L. - Cluss, P.A. - Buranosky, R. - Slagel, L. - McNeil, M. - Scholle, S.H. (2010). Understanding turning points in intimate partner violence: factors and circumstances leading women victims toward change. Journal of womens health, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 251-259. ISSN 1540-9996.

ABSTRAKT: Objective: When counseling women experiencing intimate partner violence (IPV), healthcare providers can benefit from understanding the factors contributing to a women's motivation to change her situation. We wished to examine the various factors and situations associated with turning points and change seeking in the IPV situation. Methods: We performed qualitative analysis on data from 7 focus groups and 20 individual interviews with women (61 participants) with past and/or current histories of IPV. Results: The turning points women identified fell into 5 major themes: (1) protecting others from the abuse/abuser; (2) increased severity/humiliation with abuse; (3) increased awareness of options/access to support and resources; (4) fatigue/recognition that the abuser was not going to change; and ( 5) partner betrayal/infidelity. Conclusions: Women experiencing IPV can identify specific factors and events constituting turning points or catalyst to change in their IPV situation. These turning points are dramatic shifts in beliefs and perceptions of themselves, their partners, and/or their situation that alter the women's willingness to tolerate the situation and motivate them to consider change. When counseling women experiencing IPV, health providers can incorporate understanding of turning points to motivate women to move forward in their process of changing their IPV situation.

Chang, J.C. - Decker, M.R. - Moracco, K.E. - Martin, S.L. - Petersen, R. - Frasier, P.Y. (2005a). Asking about intimate partner violence: advice from female survivors to health care providers. Patient education and counseling, vol. 59, no. 2, pp. 141-147. ISSN 0738-3991.

ABSTRAKT: Understanding the perspectives of women who have experienced IPV will allow LIS to identify specific techniques of addressing IPV that increase patient comfort and willingness to disclose and/or seek help. Our study objective was to identify what advice women who had experienced IPV would give health providers regarding how to ask about and discuss the issue of IPV. The women in our study advised that providers (1) give a reason for why they are asking about IPV to reduce women's suspicions and minimize stigma, (2) create an atmosphere of safety and support, (3) provide information, support and access to resources regardless of whether the woman discloses IPV. They emphasized that a provider's asking about IPV is an opportunity to raise patient awareness of IPV, communicate compassion and provide information and not merely a screening test to diagnose a pathologic condition. (c) 2004 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Chang, J.C. - Ranieri, L. - Hawker, L. - Buranosky, R. - Dado, D. - McNeil, M. - Scholle, S.H. (2005b). Health care interventions for intimate partner violence: What women want. Womens health issues, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 21-30. ISSN 1049-3867.

ABSTRAKT: Objective: We sought to determine what women want from health care interventions for intimate partner violence (IPV) and understand why they found certain interventions useful or not useful. Methods: We conducted interviews with 21 women who have a past or current history of intimate partner violence. Participants were given cards describing various IPV interventions and asked to perform a pile sort by placing cards into three categories ("definitely yes," "maybe," and "definitely no") indicating whether they would want that resource available. They were then asked to explain their categorizations. Results: The pile sort identified that the majority of participants supported informational interventions and individual counseling. Only 9 of 17, however, felt couple's counseling was a good idea with seven reporting it was definitely not useful. Half wanted help with substance use and treatment for depression. Interventions not well regarded included "Receiving a follow-up telephone call from the doctor's office/clinic" and "Go stay at shelter" with only 7 and 5 of the 21 women placing these cards in the "definitely yes" pile. "Health provider reporting to police" was the intervention most often placed in the "definitely no" pile, with 9 of 19 women doing so. The women described several elements that affected their likelihood of using particular IPV interventions. One theme related stages of "readiness" for change. Another theme dealt with the complexity of many women's lives. Interventions that could accommodate various stages of "readiness" and helped address concomitant issues were deemed more useful. Characteristics of such interventions included: 1) not requiring disclosure or identification as IPV victims, 2) presenting multiple options, and 3) preserving respect for autonomy. Conclusions: Women who had experienced IPV described not only what they wanted from IPV interventions but how they wished to receive these services and why they would chose to use certain resources. They advised providing a variety of options to allow individualizing according to different needs and readiness to seek help. They emphasized interventions that protected safety, privacy, and autonomy.

Chen, Y.Y. - Ullman, S.E. (2010). Women's reporting of sexual and physical assaults to police in the national violence against women survey. Violence against women, vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 262-279. ISSN 1077-8012.

ABSTRAKT: Previous research has assumed that rape reporting is unique, but no study has systematically tested this assumption. The present study used a probability sample of female victims from the National Violence Against Women Survey to compare factors affecting rape and physical assault reporting using multinomial logit regression. Overall, results suggested that there was similarity in reporting decisions between rapes and physical assaults in terms of main effects. However, interactions suggested that age, marital status, and physical force each influenced reporting differently by assault type. Implications of these results are discussed and directions for future research are offered.

Kim, J. - Gray, K.A. (2008). Leave or stay? Battered women's decision after intimate partner violence. Journal of interpersonal violence, vol. 23, no. 10, pp. 1465-1482. ISSN 0886-2605.

ABSTRAKT: Battered women's reasons for staying with or leaving their male partners are varied and complex. Using data from the Domestic Violence Experience in Omaha, Nebraska, a discrete-time hazard model was employed to examine a woman's decision based on four factors: financial independence, witness of parental violence, psychological factors, and the police response to the domestic violence call. Findings regarding the first three factors are consistent with previous findings. However, a negative police response did not deter a woman from leaving, which is a different finding from previous studies.

Lee, H.Y. - Park, E. - Lightfoot, E. (2010). When does a battered woman seek help from the police? The role of battered women's functionality. Journal of family violence, vol. 25, no. 2, pp. 195-204. ISSN 0885-7482.

ABSTRAKT: This study explores how women's functional limitations resulting from domestic violence lead to police involvement. Examining functionality is a broader approach to exploring domestic violence outcomes than looking at injuries or impairments, and in this study we look at the social participation aspects of social functioning. One hundred eleven battered women in four metropolitan cities in the U.S. participated in anonymous telephone surveys. Approximately 80% of the battered women in the sample were involved with the police due to their experiences of domestic violence. Women's functionality was significantly associated with battered women's police involvement after controlling for socio-demographic and violence-related covariates. The current study identifies one aspect of women's functioning-social participation-as a critical predictor of their seeking of help from the police, and suggests implications for practice, including the need for police and domestic violence agencies to have awareness of the concept of functional limitations within a broader context of understanding disability.

Rhodes, K.V. - Frankel, R.M. - Levinthal, N. - Prenoveau, E. - Bailey, J. - Levinson, W. (2007). "You're not a victim of domestic violence, are you?" Provider-patient communication about domestic violence. Annals of internal medicine, vol. 147, no. 9, pp. 620-627. ISSN 0003-4819.

ABSTRAKT: Background: Women who are victims of domestic violence frequently seek care in an emergency department. However, it is challenging to hold sensitive conversations in this environment. Objective: To describe communication about domestic violence between emergency providers and female patients. Design: Analysis of audiotapes made during a randomized, controlled trial of computerized screening for domestic violence. Setting: 2 socioeconomically diverse emergency departments: one urban and academic, the other suburban and community-based. Participants: 1281 English-speaking women age 16 to 69 years and 80 providers (30 attending physicians, 46 residents, and 4 nurse practitioners). Results: 871 audiotapes, including 293 that included provider screening for domestic violence, were analyzed. Providers typically asked about domestic violence in a perfunctory manner during the social history. Provider communication behaviors associated with women disclosing abuse included probing (defined as asking >= 1 additional topically related question), providing open-ended opportunities to talk, and being generally responsive to patient clues (any mention of a psychosocial issue). Chart documentation of domestic violence was present in one third of cases. Limitations: Nonverbal communication was not examined. Providers were aware that they were being audiotaped and may have tried to perform their best. Conclusion: Although hectic clinical environments present many obstacles to meaningful discussions about domestic violence, several provider communication behaviors seemed to facilitate patient disclosure of experiences with abuse. Illustrative examples highlight common pitfalls and exemplary practices in screening for abuse and response to disclosures of abuse.

Westbrook, L. (2009). Information myths and intimate partner violence: sources, contexts, and consequences. Journal of the american society for information science and technology, vol. 60, no. 4, pp. 826-836. ISSN 1532-2882.

ABSTRAKT: Survivors of intimate partner violence face more than information gaps; many face powerful barriers in the form of information myths. Triangulating data from in-depth interviews and community bulletin board postings, this study incorporates insights from survivors, police, and shelter staff to begin mapping the information landscape through which survivors move. An unanticipated feature of that landscape is a set of 28 compelling information myths that prevent some survivors from making effective use of the social, legal, economic, and support resources available to them. This analysis of the sources, contexts, and consequences of these information myths is the first step in devising strategies to counter their ill effects.

Wilson, K.S. - Silberberg, M.R. - Brown, A.J. - Yaggy, S.D. (2007). Health needs and barriers to healthcare of women who have experienced intimate partner violence. Journal of womens health, vol. 16, no. 10, pp. 1485-1498. ISSN 1540-9996.

ABSTRAKT: Background: This study assessed the health needs and barriers to healthcare among women with a history of intimate partner violence (IPV) as told by women themselves. Methods: Qualitative interviews were conducted with 25 women clients and 10 staff members at a crisis center in metropolitan North Carolina. Clients also completed a structured survey. Results: Eleven shelter clients and 14 walk-ins completed the survey and interview. Client participants were demographically mixed, and 20% were Spanish-speaking immigrants. Most clients were unemployed and uninsured. Women reported worse health in the interviews than on the surveys; clients' major health needs were chronic pain, chronic diseases, and mental illness. Reported barriers to healthcare were cost, psychological control by the abuser, and low self-esteem and self-efficacy. Staff's perceptions of clients health needs differed from clients,' focusing on reproductive health, HIV/sexually transmitted infection (STI), mental illness, and inadequate preventive healthcare. Staff and clients' perceptions of barriers to healthcare were more congruent. Suggestions for improving the center's response were to offer more health education groups and more health-related staff trainings. Agency barriers to implementing these changes were limited funding, focus on crisis management, and perceived disconnect with the healthcare system. Conclusions: Health needs of women who have experienced IPV are significant and include physical and mental concerns. IPV creates unique barriers to accessing healthcare, which can be addressed only partially by a crisis center. Greater coordination with the healthcare system is needed to respond more appropriately to the health needs of women who have experienced IPV.

Zink, T. - Elder, N. - Jacobsen, J. (2003). How children affect the mother/victim's process in intimate partner violence. Archives of pediatrics & adolescent medicine, vol. 157, no. 6, pp. 587-592. ISSN 1072-4710.

ABSTRAKT: Background: Witnessing intimate partner violence (IPV) causes physical and mental health problems for children. Children are one of multiple factors that a victim weighs as she manages the abusive relationship. Little has been written about how children affect the mother's decisions; about the abuse or what assistance a mother wants from the children's physician in creating a nonabusive home. Objective: To consider the role children play in their mothers' management of abusive partners Methods: Thirty-two mothers living in midwestern IPV shelters or participating in support groups were interviewed about their abuse stories, perceptions about the effects of the abuse on their children, and desires about IPV management in the health care setting. The interviews were audiotaped, transcribed, and analyzed by a team of researchers using thematic analysis. Results: Children were an integral factor in the mothers' management of their abusive relationships. For more than half of the participants, something the children did or said catalyzed their seeking help. For some, the children's attachment to the abuser was a reason to delay seeking assistance. Based on these findings, we explored what mothers wanted from their children's physicians regarding their abusive relationships. Mothers talked about the delicate balance between education and blame, between offering help and becoming too intrusive, and between wanting the best for their children and fearing the involvement of child protective services. Conclusions: Children play an important role in mothers' management of their abusive relationships. From their children's physicians, participants wanted IPV screening and IPV resources. Some wanted the physician to educate them about how the IPV affected the children in a nonblaming manner.

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