Publications

(1) Refereed Publications

(click doi and/or page number, then you can see each paper's web-page)

[61] K. Hamilton and Y. Kawatani, Middle Atmosphere: Semiannual Oscillation., Encyclopedia of Atmospheric Sciences (Third Edition), Academic Press, 2025. Now available at https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-96026-7.00049-7.

[60] Lott, R. Rani, C. McLandress, A. Podglagen, A. Bushell, M. Bramberger, H-K. Lee, J. Alexander, J. Anstey, H.-Y. Chun, A. Hertzog, N. Butchart, Y.-H. Kim, Y. Kawatani, B. Legras, E. Manzini, H. Naoe, S. Osprey, R. Plougonven, H. Pohlmann, J. H. Richter, J. Scinocca, J. Garcia-Serrano, F. Serva, T. Stockdale, S. Versick, S. Watanabe, K. Yoshida, 2024: Comparison between non orographic gravity wave parameterizations used in QBOi models and Strateole 2 constant level balloons, Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, accepted

[59] M. Fujiwara, P. Martineau, J. S. Write, M. Abalos, P Sacha, Y. Kawatani, S. M. Davis, T. Birner and B. M. Monge-Sanz, 2024: Climatology of the terms and variables of transformed Eulerian-mean (TEM) equations from multiple reanalyses: MERRA-2, JRA-55, ERA-Interim, and CFSR, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 7873–7898, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-7873-2024, 2024.

[58] Kawatani, Y., H. Nakamura, S. Watanabe and K. Sato, 2024: Effects of mid-latitude oceanic fronts on the middle atmosphere through upward propagating atmospheric waves, Geophys. Res. Lett., 51, e2024GL108262, https://doi.org/10.1029/2024GL108262

[57] Sato, N., T. Horinouchi, and Y. Kawatani, 2023: Bimodal distribution of precipitation found in the multimodel climate prediction over central Japan in winter. SOLA, 19, 78−85, doi:10.2151/sola.2023-011.

[56] Kawatani, Y., T. Horinouchi, N. Sato: Storylines of projected climate changes around Japan associated with upper troposphere and stratosphere responses, SOLA, 18, 122-128, https://doi.org/10.2151/sola.2022-020, 2022.

[55]Anstey, J. A., S. M. Osprey, J. Alexander, M. P. Baldwin, N. Butchart, L. Gray, Y. Kawatani, P. A. Newman and J. H. Richter: The Quasi-Biennial Oscillation: Impacts, Processes, and Projections, Nature Reviews earth & environment, https://doi.org/10.1038/s43017-022-00323-7, 2022

[54] Horinouchi, T. , Y. Kawatani, N. Sato: Inter-model variability of the CMIP5 future projection of Baiu, Meiyu, and Changma precipitation, Climate Dynamics, doi: 10.1007/s00382-022-06418-7, 2022

[53] Serva, F., J. A. Anstey, A.C. Bushell, N. Butchart, Y. Kawatani, S. M. Osprey, J. H. Richter and I. R. Simpson: The impact of the QBO on the region of the tropical tropopause in QBOi models: present-day simulations, Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society Wiley, https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.4287, 2022.

[52] Anstey, J. A., L. J. Gray, M. Fujiwara, I. Ivanciu, Y. Kawatani, G. Kiladis, Y-H. Kim, P. Martineau, V. Schenzinger, S. Tegtmeier Susann and C. Wright: Chapter 9: Quasi-Biennial Oscillation, in SPARC Reanalysis Intercomparison Project (S-RIP) Final Report, edited by Masatomo Fujiwara, Gloria L. Manney, Lesley J. Gray, and Jonathon S. Wright, SPARC assessment reports, 10, 391-490, 10.17874/800dee57d13, 2022

[51] Harvey, V. L., J. Knox, J. France, M. Fujiwara, L. J. Gray, T. Hirooka, P. Hitchcock, M. Hitchman, Y. Kawatani, G. L. Manney, J. McCormack, Y. Orsolini, T. Sakazaki and Y. Tomikawa: Chapter 11: Upper Stratosphere and Lower Mesosphere, in SPARC Reanalysis Intercomparison Project (S-RIP) Final Report, edited by Masatomo Fujiwara, Gloria L. Manney, Lesley J. Gray, and Jonathon S. Wright, SPARC assessment reports, 10, 391-490, 10.17874/800dee57d13, 2022

[50]J.A. Anstey, I. R. Simpson, J. H. Richter, H. Naoe, M. Taguchi, F. Serva, L. J. Gray, N. Butchart, K. Hamilton, S. Osprey, O. Bellprat, P. Braesicke, A. C. Bushell, C. Cagnazzo, C-C. Chen, H-Y .Chun, R. R. Garcia, L. Holt, Y. Kawatani, T. Kerzenmacher, Y-H. Kim, F. Lott, C. McLandress, J. Scinocca, T. N. Stockdale, S. Versick, S. Watanabe, K. Yoshida: Teleconnections of the quasi‐biennial oscillation in a multi‐model ensemble of QBO ‐resolving models, Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society Wiley, https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.4048, 2021

[49] Kawatani, Y., T. Hirooka, K. Hamilton, A. K. Smith and M. Fujiwara: Representation of the Equatorial Stratopause Semiannual Oscillation in Global Atmospheric Reanalyses, Atmos. Chem. Phys., https://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/20/9115/2020, 2020

[48] Stockdale, T. N., Y.‐H. Kim, J. A. Anstey F. M. Palmeiro, N. Butchart, A. A. Scaife, M. Andrews, A. C. Bushell, M. Dobrynin, J. Garcia‐Serrano, K. Hamilton, Y. Kawatani, F. Lott, C. McLandress, H. Naoe, S. M. Osprey, H. Pohlmann, J. Scinocca, S. Watanabe, K. Yoshida, S. Yukimoto, Prediction of the quasi‐biennial oscillation with a multi‐model ensemble of QBO‐resolving models, Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.3919, 2020.

[47]L. Holt, F. Lott, R. Garcia, G. N. Kiladis, J. A. Anstey, P. Braesicke, A. C. Bushell, N. Butchart, C. Cagnazzo, C.-C. Chen, H.-Y. Chun, Y. Kawatani, T. Kerzenmacher, Y.-H. Kim, C. McLandress, H. Naoe, S. Osprey, J. H. Richter, A. A. Scaife, J. Scinocca, F. Serva, S. Versick, S. Watanabe and S. Yukimoto: An evaluation of tropical waves and wave forcing of the QBO in the QBOi models, Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.3827, 2020.

[46] Richter, J. H., J. A. Anstey, N. Butchart, Y. Kawatani, G. A. Meehl, S. M. Osprey and I. R. Simpson: Progress in simulating the Quasi-biennial Oscillation in CMIP models, J. Geophys. Res., Atmos.,https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JD032362, 2020,

[45] Butchart, N., J. A. Anstey, Y. Kawatani, S. M. Osprey, J. H. Richter, T. Wu: QBO changes in CMIP6 climate projections, Geophysical Research Letters, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GL086903, 2020

[44] Bushell, A. C., J. A. Anstey, N. Butchart, Y. Kawatani, S. M. Osprey, J. H. Richter, F. Serva, P. Braesicke, C. Cagnazzo, C.-C. Chen, H.-Y. Chun, R. R. Garcia, L. J. Gray, K. Hamilton, T. Kerzenmacher, Y.-H. Kim, F. Lott, C. McLandress, H. Naoe, J. Scinocca, T. N. Stockdale, S. Watanabe, K. Yoshida, S. Yukimoto: Evaluation of the Quasi‐Biennial Oscillation in global climate models for the SPARC QBO‐initiative, Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.3765, 2020

[43] Richter, J. H., N. Butchart, Y. Kawatani, A. C. Bushell, L. Holt, F. Serva, J. Anstey, I. R. Simpson, S. M. Osprey, K. Hamilton, P. Braesicke, C. Cagnazzo, C.-C. Chen, R. R. Garcia, L. J. Gray, T. Kerzenmacher, F. Lott, C. McLandress, H. Naoe, J. Scinocca, T. N. Stockdale, S. Versick, S. Watanabe, K. Yoshida, S. Yukimoto: Response of the quasi-biennial oscillation to a warming climate in global climate models, Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.3749, 2020

[42] A.K. Smith, L.A. Holt, R.R. Garcia, J.A. Anstey, F. Serva, N. Butchart, S.M. Osprey, A.C. Bushell, Y. Kawatani, Y-H. Kim, F. Lott, P. Braesicke, C. Cagnazzo, C.-C. Chen, H.-Y. Chun, L. Gray, T. Kerzenmacher, H. Naoe, J. Richter, S. Versick, V. Schenzinger, S. Watanabe, K. Yoshida: The equatorial stratospheric semiannual oscillation and time-mean winds in QBOi models, Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, DOI: 10.1002/qj.3690, 2019

[41] Kawatani, Y., K. Hamilton, K. Sato, T. J. Dunkerton, S. Watanabe and K. Kikuchi: ENSO modulation of the QBO: Results from MIROC models with and without non-orographic gravity wave parameterization, J. Atmos. Sci., 76, 3893-3917, https://doi.org/10.1175/JAS-D-19-0163.1, 2019

[40] Kim, Y.-H., Kiladis, G. N., Albers, J. R., Dias, J., Fujiwara, M., Anstey, J. A., Song, I.-S., Wright, C. J., Kawatani, Y., Lott, F., and Yoo, C.: Comparison of equatorial wave activity in the tropical tropopause layer and stratosphere represented in reanalyses, Atmos. Chem. Phys., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 10027–10050, 2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-10027-2019

[39] Kawatani, Y., K. Hamilton, L. J. Gray, S. M. Osprey, S. Watanabe and Y. Yamashita: The effects of a well-resolved stratosphere on the simulated boreal winter circulation in a climate model, J. Atmos. Sci., 76, 1203-1226, https://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/10.1175/JAS-D-18-0206.1, 2019

[38] Tatebe, H., Ogura, T., Nitta, T., Komuro, Y., Ogochi, K., Takemura, T., Sudo, K., Sekiguchi, M., Abe, M., Saito, F., Chikira, M., Watanabe, S., Mori, M., Hirota, N., Kawatani, Y., Mochizuki, T., Yoshimura, K., Takata, K., O'ishi, R., Yamazaki, D., Suzuki, T., Kurogi, M., Kataoka, T., Watanabe, M., and Kimoto, M.: Description and basic evaluation of simulated mean state, internal variability, and climate sensitivity in MIROC6, Geosci. Model Dev., 12, 2727-2765, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-12-2727-2019, 2019

[37] Gray, L. J., Anstey, J. A., Kawatani, Y., Lu, H., Osprey, S., and Schenzinger, V.: Surface impacts of the Quasi Biennial Oscillation, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 8227-8247, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-8227-2018, 2018

[36] Hirota, N., H. Shiogama, H. Akiyoshi, T. Ogura, M. Takahashi, Y. Kawatani, M. Kimoto and M. Mori, 2018: The influences of El Nino and Arctic sea-ice on the QBO disruption in February 2016, npj Climate and Atmospheric Science, 1, 10(2018), doi:.10.1038/s41612-018-0020-1, 2018

[35] Watanabe, S., K. Hamilton, S. Osprey, Y. Kawatani and E. Nishimoto, 2018: First Successful Hindcasts of the 2016 Disruption of the Stratospheric Quasibiennial Oscillation, Geophys. Res. Lett., 45, 1602-1610, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017GL076406

[34] Butchart, N., Anstey, J., Hamilton, K. Osprey, S., McLandress, C, Bushell, A., Kawatani, Y., Kim Y-H, Lott, F., Scinocca, J., Stckdale, T., Bellprat, O., Braesicke, P., Cangazzo, B., Chen, C-C., Chun, H-Y., Dobrynin, M., Garcia, R., Garcia-Serrano, J., Gray, L., Holt, L., Kerzenmacher, T., Naoe, H., Pohlmann, H., Ritcher, J., Scaife, A., Schenzinger, V., Serva, F., Versick S., Watanabe, S. Yoshida, K. and Yukimoto, S., 2018: Overview of experiment design and comparison of models participating in the SPARC Quasi-Biennial Oscillation initiative (QBOi), Geosci. Model. Dev., 11, 1009-1032, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-1009-2018

[33] Kawatani, Y., Hamilton, K. Miyazaki, K., Fujiwara, M., and Anstey, J., 2016: Representation of the tropical stratospheric zonal wind in global atmospheric reanalysis, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 6681-6699, doi:10.5194/acp-16-6681-2016

[32] Miyazaki, K., Iwasaki, T., Kawatani, Y., Kobayashi, C., Sugawara, S., and Hegglin, M., 2016: Inter-comparison of stratospheric mean-meridional circulation and eddy mixing among six reanalysis datasets, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 6131-6152, doi:10.5194/acp-16-6131-2016

[31] Alexander, S. P., K. Sato, S. Watanabe, Y. Kawatani, D. J. Murphy, 2016: Southern Hemisphere extra-tropical gravity wave sources and intermittency revealed by a middle atmosphere general circulation model, J. Atmos. Sci., 73, 1335-1349, http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/JAS-D-15-0149.1

[30] Watanabe, S., K. Sato, Y. Kawatani and M. Takahashi, 2015: Vertical resolution dependence of gravity wave momentum flux simulated by an atmospheric general circulation model, Geosci. Model Dev., 8, 1637-1644, doi:10.5194/gmd-8-1637-2015

[29] Kodama, C., Y. Yamada, A. T. Noda, K. Kikuchi, Y. Kajikawa, T. Nasuno, T. Tomita, T. Yamaura, H. G. Takahashi, M. Hara, Y. Kawatani, M. Satoh, M. Sugi, 2015: A 20-year climatology of a NICAM AMIP-type simulation, J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 93, 393-424, doi:10.2151/jmsj.2015-024

[28] Sakazaki, T., K. Sato, Y. Kawatani and S. Watanabe, 2015: Three-dimensional structures of tropical nonmigrating tides in a high-vertical resolution global circulation model, J. Geophys. Res., 120, 1759-1775, doi:10.1002/2014JD022464

[27] Kawatani, Y., J. N. Lee and K. Hamilton, 2014: Interannual variations of stratospheric water vapor in MLS observations and climate model simulations, J. Atmos. Sci., 71, 4072-4085., https://doi.org/10.1175/JAS-D-14-0164.1

[26] Kawatani, Y. and K. Hamilton, 2013: Weakened stratospheric Quasibiennial Oscillation driven by increased tropical mean upwelling, Nature, 497, 478-481, doi:10.1038/nature12140

[25] Kawatani, Y., K. Hamilton and A. Noda, 2012: The effects of changes in sea surface temperature and CO2 concentration on the quasi-biennial oscillation, J. Atmos. Sci., 69, 1734-1749., https://doi.org/10.1175/JAS-D-11-0265.1

[24] Tomikawa, Y., K. Sato, S. Watanabe, Y. Kawatani, K. Miyazaki, and M. Takahashi, 2012: Growth of planetary waves and the formation of an elevated stratopause after a major stratospheric sudden warming in a T213L256 GCM, J. Geophys. Res., 117, D16101, doi:10.1029/2011JD017243

[23] Rao, N.V., T. Tsuda and Y. Kawatani, 2012: A remarkable correlation between short period gravity waves and semi-annual oscillation of the zonal wind in the equatorial mesopause region, Annales Geophysicae., 30, 703-710, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-30-703-2012

[22] Watanabe, S., and Y. Kawatani, 2012: Sensitivity of the QBO to mean tropical upwelling under a changingclimate simulated by an Earth system model, J. Meteor. Soc. Japan., 90A, 351-360., https://doi.org/10.2151/jmsj.2012-A20

[21] Sato, K., S. Tateno, S. Watanabe and Y. Kawatani, 2012: Gravity wave characteristics in the Southern Hemisphere revealed by a high-resolution middle atmosphere general circulation model, J. Atmos. Sci., 69, 1378-1396., https://doi.org/10.1175/JAS-D-11-0101.1

[20] Kawatani, Y., K. Hamilton and S. Watanabe, 2011: The Quasi-biennial oscillation in a double CO2 climate, J. Atmos. Sci., 68, 265-283., https://doi.org/10.1175/2010JAS3623.1

[19] Kawatani, Y. and K. Ninomiya, 2011: The North Pacific subtropical high in August in twentieth-century CMIP3 multimodel dataset, J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 89, 375-386., https://doi.org/10.2151/jmsj.2011-406

[18] Kawatani, Y., K. Sato, T. J. Dunkerton, S. Watanabe, S. Miyahara and M. Takahashi, 2010: The roles of equatorial trapped waves and internal inertia-gravity waves in driving the quasi-biennial oscillation. Part I: Zonal mean wave forcing, J. Atmos. Sci., 67, 963-980., https://doi.org/10.1175/2009JAS3222.1

[17] Kawatani, Y., K. Sato, T. J.Dunkerton, S. Watanabe, S. Miyahara and M. Takahashi, 2010: The roles of equatorial trapped waves and internal inertia-gravity waves in driving the quasi-biennial oscillation. Part II: Three-dimensional distribution of wave forcing, J. Atmos. Sci., 67, 981-997., https://doi.org/10.1175/2009JAS3223.1

[16] Alexander, M. J., M. Geller, C. McLandress, S. Polavarapu, P. Preusse, F.Sassi, K. Sato,S. Eckermann, M. Ern, A. Hertzog, Y. Kawatani, M. Pulido, T. Shaw, M. Sigmond, R. Vincent, S. Watanabe, 2010: A Review of Recent Developments on Gravity Wave Effects in Climate Models and the Global Distribution of Gravity Wave Momentum Flux, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 136, 1103-1124., doi:10.1002/qj.637

[15] Miyazaki, K., S. Watanabe, Y. Kawatani, Y. Tomikawa, M. Takahashi, and K. Sato, 2010: Transport and mixing in the extratropical tropopause region in a high vertical resolution GCM. Part II: Relative importance of large-scale and small-scale dynamics, J. Atmos. Sci., 67, 1315-1336., https://doi.org/10.1175/2009JAS3223.1

[14] Miyazaki, K., K. Sato, S. Watanabe, Y. Tomikawa, Y. Kawatani, and M. Takahashi, 2010: Transport and mixing in the extratropical tropopause region in a high vertical resolution GCM. Part I: Potential vorticity and heat budget analysis, J. Atmos. Sci., 67, 1293-1314., https://doi.org/10.1175/2009JAS3221.1

[13] Kawatani, Y., M. Takahashi, K. Sato, S. P. Alexander, and T. Tsuda, 2009: Global distribution of atmospheric waves in the equatorial upper troposphere and lower stratosphere: AGCM simulation of sources and propagation, J. Geophys. Res, 114, D01102, doi:10.1029/2008JD010374

[12] Watanabe, S., Y. Tomikawa, K. Sato, Y. Kawatani, K. Miyazaki, and M. Takahashi, 2009: Simulation of the eastward 4-day wave in the Antarctic winter mesosphere using a gravity wave resolving general circulation model, J. Geophys. Res., 114, D16111, doi:10.1029/2008JD011636

[11] Sato, K., S. Watanabe, Y. Kawatani, Y. Tomikawa, K. Miyazaki, and M. Takahashi, 2009: On the origins of mesospheric gravity waves, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L19801, doi:10.1029/2009GL039908

[10] Kawatani, Y., K. Ninomiya andT. Tokioka, 2008: The North Pacific subtropical high characterized separately for June, July, and August: zonal displacement associated with submonthly variability, J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 86, No.4, 505-530., https://doi.org/10.2151/jmsj.86.505

[9] Alexander, S. P., T. Tsuda, and Y. Kawatani, 2008: COSMIC GPS observations of Northern Hemisphere winter stratospheric gravity waves and comparisons with an atmospheric general circulation model, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L10808, doi:10.1029/2008GL033174

[8] Watanabe, S, Y. Kawatani, Y. Tomikawa, K. Miyazaki, M. Takahashi and K. Sato, 2008: General aspects of a T213L256 middle atmosphere general circulation model, J. Geophys. Res., 113, D12110, doi:10.1029/2008JD 010026

[7] Tomikawa, Y., K. Sato, S. Watanabe, Y. Kawatani, K. Miyazaki and M. Takahashi, 2008: Wintertime temperature maximum at the subtropical stratopause in a T213L256 GCM, J. Geophys. Res., 113, D17117, doi:10.1029/2008JD009786

[6] Alexander, S. P., T. Tsuda, Y. Kawatani and M. Takahashi, 2008: Global distribution of atmospheric waves in the equatorial upper troposphere and lower stratosphere: COSMIC observations of wave mean flow interactions, J. Geophys. Res., 113, D24115, doi:10.1029/2008JD010039

[5] Kawatani, Y., K. Tsuji and M. Takahashi, 2005: Zonally non-uniform distribution of equatorial gravity waves in an atmospheric general circulation model, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L23815, doi:10.1029/2005GL 024068

[4] Kawatani, Y., M. Takahashi and T. Tokioka, 2004: Gravity waves around the subtropical jet of the southern winter in an atmospheric general circulation model, Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L22109, doi:10.1029/2004GL020794

[3] Dhaka, S. K., M. Takahashi, Y. Kawatani, S. Malik, Y. Shibagaki, S. Fukao, 2003: Observations of deep convective updrafts in tropical convection and their role in the generation of gravity waves, J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 81, 1185-1199., https://doi.org/10.2151/jmsj.81.1185

[2] Kawatani, Y., S. K. Dhaka, M. Takahashi and T. Tsuda, 2003: Large potential energy of gravity waves over a smooth surface with little convection: simulation and observation, Geophys. Res. Lett., 30 (8), 1438, doi:10.1029/2003GL016960

[1] Kawatani, Y. and M. Takahashi, 2003: Simulation of the Baiu front in a high resolution GCM, J. Meteor. Soc. Jpn, 81, 113-126., https://doi.org/10.2151/jmsj.81.113

(2) 著書

[1] 地球環境の辞典，吉﨑正憲，野田彰（代表編集者），朝倉書店，2013, p392, ISBN978-4-254-16059-8

河谷芳雄執筆箇所: 「波動の伝播（水平，鉛直）」,「低緯度の振動」,「大気波動－中立波動」

[2] パリティ2014年4月号 : 河谷芳雄執筆箇所：クローズアップ「成層圏に地球温暖化シグナルを発見！」，パリティ，丸善，vol.29, No.04, 44-48.

[3] 低温環境の化学辞典, 河村公隆（代表編集者）: 朝倉書店, 2016, p432, ISBN978-4-254-16128-1

河谷芳雄執筆箇所: 「温暖化に伴う中層大気の変化」

(3) 解説

[1] 中村尚，大淵済，吉岡真由美，栗原宜夫，高谷康太郎，榎本剛，M.A.Shapiro，室井ちあし, 永戸久喜，河谷芳雄，高橋正明，2004: メソ気象研究における地球シミュレータの意義，天気，51，141-149.

[2] 河谷芳雄，2012: 赤道準2年振動における赤道波と慣性内部重力波の役割, －2011年度山本正野論文賞受賞記念講演－, 天気, 59, 807-825.

[3] 渡辺真吾，河谷芳雄，2018: 重力波解像モデルを用いた中層大気大循環の研究, －2017年度日本気象学会賞受賞記念講演－, 天気，65, 385-408.

[4] 河谷芳雄, 2020: 地球温暖化で成層圏大気の流れが変化, Japan Geoscience Letters, No.1, vol.16（9－11ページ参照）

(4)報道

下記論文に関する報道一覧

Kawatani, Y. and K. Hamilton, 2013

Weakened stratospheric Quasibiennial Oscillation driven by increased tropical mean upwelling,

Nature, 497, 478-481, doi:10.1038/nature12140. (論文へのリンク)

詳細はこちら