Dog - Valley Fever 狗 - 裂谷热症狀

Valley Fever Center for Excellence

Coccidioidomycosis

"Leading the world in best medical practices, education and research for Valley Fever."

Will My Dog Recover From Valley Fever?

The good news is that most dogs, with adequate antifungal therapy, do recover from this disease, especially with early diagnosis and intervention. Dogs with uncomplicated (mild to moderate) infection only in the lungs have the best prognosis for recovery and usually respond the quickest to treatment. However, dogs can have extensive lung disease that is so severe and progressive that they require hospitalization, or surgery to remove diseased lung, or may die.

Dogs with disseminated infection almost always have a more guarded prognosis than dogs with uncomplicated lung disease. As with lung infections, it seems that the majority respond well to medication and lead normal lives, though they often require prolonged drug treatment (12-18 months). A small proportion of animals must take medication for life, and another small number, unfortunately, die of Valley Fever in spite of drug treatment.

Dogs with Valley Fever in the brain (seizures, etc) also carry a guarded prognosis. Among those that respond to medication, about 80%, most will remain well with fluconazole (Diflucan), but treatment may be required for life.

For dogs that are seriously ill, requiring hospitalization and supportive therapy, the prognosis can be grave. With aggressive treatment, possibly including intravenous antifungal medication, some dogs will get well.

In animals with severe bone infections and the pain that goes with them, pain relief will often provide the comfort and support needed to allow the Valley Fever medication time to take effect. Treatment of high fevers with anti-inflammatories is helpful, also, since fever reduction can improve the appetite and energy level of the dogs, and simply improve the way they feel overall. Pain medicine and anti-inflammatories can be prescribed by your veterinarian.

Some dogs do not recover in spite of everyone's best efforts, either due to the severity of illness at the time of diagnosis or because of long-standing, poorly responsive disease. Fortunately, these animals represent a minority of dogs with Valley Fever.

Statistics regarding how many dogs recover compared to those which do not are not available, but in general, more than 90% of dogs respond and recover.

Stopping Treatment

Treatment of Valley Fever in your dog is monitored by rechecks with your veterinarian. Your veterinarian will examine your dog to look for improvement as well as performing blood tests and possibly x-rays to monitor progress and make sure the medication is not harming your dog. If your dog is very ill, rechecks may be frequent at first. As the disease stabilizes and recovery becomes apparent, your veterinarian will probably only need to evaluate your dog every 2-4 months.

It is very important to continue medicating your dog as directed until the veterinarian confirms that the blood tests are negative and tells you to stop medication. If you stop treating too soon, symptoms may recur. If symptoms recur after your dog is taken off medication, your veterinarian will probably recommend resuming treatment and may suggest the dog remain on medication for life.

FAQ – Can Valley Fever relapse and can dogs be reinfected?

Valley Fever is well known to relapse in both humans and dogs. In particular, cases of disseminated infection have a 30-50% rate of relapse in humans, no matter how well the initial infection was treated. It is not known how many canine cases of Valley Fever relapse, but relapses are not uncommon.

In the case of a relapse, a return to medication is usually enough to make symptoms subside, but the dog may require several additional months of treatment. Dogs that experience more than one relapse or get very sick with the relapse should probably have lifetime treatment with medication considered.

Reinfections – a brand new infection from spores in the environment – in humans are documented only rarely. It is not known at this time whether dogs are susceptible to reinfection or whether recurring illness is always due to the original infection.

实况报道 第207号

2010年5月更新

概述

裂谷热是一种病毒性人畜共患病,主要影响的是动物,但也能传染人。传染可导致人畜患染严重疾病。该疾病因裂谷热感染的牲畜死亡和流产,也会造成重大经济损失。

裂谷热病毒是沙蝇病毒属的一个成员,即布尼亚病毒科五种病毒之一。该病毒最早于1931年确定,当时正在对肯尼亚里夫特山谷一农庄羊群中的一种流行病进行调查。自那时以来,已报道在撒哈拉以南非洲和北非有过疫情暴发。在1997-1998年间,在肯尼亚、索马里和坦桑尼亚发生过一次较大的疫情,2000年9月,在沙特和也门亦有裂谷热病例得到证实,标志着在非洲大陆以外的地区首次报道发生此种疾病,人们也日益担心该疾病有可能传播到亚洲和欧洲的其他地区。

传播给人类

人体临床特征

人体轻度感染裂谷热症状:

人体重度感染裂谷热症状:

不同流行病的总的病例致死率差异很大,但总体来说,记载的这些致死率不到1%。大多数死亡是有出血性黄疸症状的患者。

诊断

治疗和疫苗

裂谷热病毒的动物宿主

裂谷热媒介

预防和控制

控制裂谷热在动物中的传播

公共卫生教育和减少风险

卫生保健设施中的感染控制

媒介控制

裂谷热预测和气候模型

预测能够预知常常与暴发风险增加有关联的气候条件,并且可以改善疾病控制。在非洲,沙特阿拉伯和也门的裂谷热与高于平均水平的降雨期有密切关联。植被对降雨量增加的反应,通过遥感卫星图像很容易量度和监测。另外,东部非洲的裂谷热暴发与厄尔尼诺/南方涛动(ENSO)现象暖期期间出现的强降雨有紧密联系。

这些结论使人们能够使用卫星图像和天气/气候预报数据来成功地发展裂谷热预测模型和早期预警系统。比如早期预警系统,可用于发现暴发初期阶段的动物病例,使当局能够实施有关措施来避免即将发生的流行病。

在新的《国际卫生条例(2005)》框架下,裂谷热暴发的预测和早期发现,以及对扩散到新的地区危险性的综合评价,对于实施有效和及时的控制措施来说,具有不可或缺的作用。

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