Spring 2011
Course Description
Title: Green Computing and Communication Systems
Overview: Energy, with its intimate linkages to environment and economy, is perhaps the single most important challenge facing our planet. Moreover, Information Technology (IT) - our computing, communication, sensing, and control systems - has emerged both as a part of the problem with a large worldwide IT carbon footprint, as well as a part of the solution by enabling more efficient use of energy in other human-cyber-physical systems at different scales, such as building, cars, electrical grHomeid, and water networks. This course explores technologies that span these two complementary aspects of IT systems in energy sustainability:
Designing Green IT Systems
IT for Making Other Systems Green
Design principles and challenges in creating energy-efficient computing and communication systems at different scales:
- Models and trends in power consumption
- Sources of energy: batteries, energy harvesting
- Low-power and energy-aware architectures, algorithms, protocols, and applications
- Dynamic energy management in:
- Computing: Embedded, mobile, personal, enterprise, and data centers
- Communication: wireless, ethernet, Internet
- Thermal management
Computing, communications, and sensing/actuation for making various energy-consuming human-cyber-physical systems more efficient:
- Smart electrical grids: demand/response, load scheduling, renewable energy
- Energy management in buildings: energy consumption sensing technologies, smart HVAC control, feedback to users
- Electric vehicles and transportation systems: electric drives, battery management, vehicle-to-grid energy transfer
Administrative Information
- Instructor: Prof. Mani Srivastava (Boelter Hall 6730E, x72098)
- Lecture: TuTh 4-5:50PM in 9436 Boelter Hall
- Office Hours: Tu 2-3PM, Fr 2-3PM, or by appointment
- Google Group for the class: http://groups.google.com/group/ucla-ee209as-2011s
- membership required and open only to students in the class
Lectures
Lecture #1: Course Logistics and Administrivia
Lecture #2: Introduction to Energy Challenges and Opportunities
Lecture #3: Energy Efficient Computing Concepts
- Slides: PDF, Keynote
- AV Recording
- Reading List
- Required
- P. Ranganathan, "Recipe for Efficiency: Principles of Power-Aware Computing", Communications of the ACM, vol.53, no.4, pp.60-67, April. 2010.
- http://cacm.acm.org/magazines/2010/4/81500-recipe-for-efficiency-principles-of-power-aware-computing/fulltext
- Recommended
- Krishna Kant, “Toward a Science of Power Management,” IEEE Computer, September 2009.
- http://www.cs.pitt.edu/%7Ekirk/cs3150spring2010/scipm_ieee_computer.pdf
- David J. Brown, Charles Reams, “Toward Energy-Efficient Computing,” Communications of the ACM, Vol. 53 No. 3, Pages 50-58.
- http://cacm.acm.org/magazines/2010/3/76284-toward-energy-efficient-computing
- Eric Saxe, “Power-Efficient Software,” ACM Queue vol. 8, no. 1
- http://queue.acm.org/detail.cfm?id=1698225
- Matthew Garrett, “Powering Down,” ACM Queue vol. 5, no. 7
- http://queue.acm.org/detail.cfm?id=1331293
- Required
Lecture #4: Sleepless PCs
- Slides: PDF, Keynote
- AV Recording
- Reading List
- Required
- Joshua Reich, Michel Goraczko, Aman Kansal, and Jitu Padhye, “Sleepless In Seattle No Longer,” in USENIX Annual Technical Conference, USENIX, June 2010.
- http://www.usenix.org/event/usenix/tech/full_papers/Reich.pdf
- Recommended
- K. Christensen and F. Gulledge, "Enabling Power Management for Network-Attached Computers," International Journal of Network Management, Vol. 8, No. 2, pp. 120-130, March-April 1998.
- http://www.csee.usf.edu/~christen/energy/ijnm98.pdf
- Y. Agarwal, S. Savage, and R. Gupta, “Sleepserver: A software-only approach for reducing the energy consumption of PCs within enterprise environments,” In USENIX ATC, 2010.
- http://www.usenix.org/event/usenix/tech/full_papers/Agarwal.pdf
- Y. Agarwal, S. Hodges, R. Chandra, J. Scott, P. Bahl, and R. Gupta, “Somniloquy: augmenting network interfaces to reduce PC energy usage,” In NSDI’09, Berkeley, CA, USA, 2009.
- Tathagata Das, Pradeep Padala, Venkat Padmanabhan, Ramachandran Ramjee, and Kang G. Shin, “LiteGreen: Saving Energy in Networked Desktops Using Virtualization,” In USENIX ATC, 2010.
- http://www.usenix.org/event/usenix/tech/full_papers/Das.pdf
- Required
Lecture #5: Greening the Internet - Facts & Challenges
Lecture #6: Greening the Internet - Methods
- Slides: PDF, Keynote
- AV Recording
- Reading List
- Required
- None
- Recommended
- Energy Efficient Digital Networks group at LBNL
- http://efficientnetworks.lbl.gov/
- The Energy Efficient Internet Project at the University of Southern Florida
- C. Schurgers, V. Raghunathan, and M. B. Srivastava, “Power Management for Energy-aware Communications Systems,” ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems, vol. 2, no. 3, p. 431-447, August 2003.
- http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=860184
- Required
- Slides: PDF, Keynote
- AV Recording
- Reading List
- Required
- None
- Recommended
- Luiz André Barroso and Urs Hölzle, “The Datacenter as a Computer - An Introduction to the Design of Warehouse-Scale Machines,” Morgan & Claypool Publishers, 2009.
- Karthick Rajamani, Charles Lefurgy, Soraya Ghiasi, Juan C Rubio, Heather Hanson, Tom Keller, “Power Management for Computer Systems and Datacenters,” Tutorial at ISLPED 2008.
- http://www.islped.org/X2008/Rajamani.pdf
- Wes Felter, Karthick Rajamani, Tom Keller, and Cosmin Rusu, “A Performance Conserving Approach for Reducing Peak Power in Server Systems,” ACM ICS 2005.
- http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.120.2728
- Required
Homeworks
- Homework handouts are available at http://nesl.ee.ucla.edu/courses/ee209as/2011s/homeworks
Student Presentations
May 05, 2011
- P1: Howard David, Chris Fallin, Eugene Gorbatov, Ulf R. Hanebutte, Onur Mutlu, "Memory Power Management via Dynamic Voltage/Frequency Scaling," Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Autonomic Computing (ICAC 2011), Karlsruhe, Germany, June 2011. [PDF]
- Date
- Presenter:
- Slides:
- P2: Zhen Cao, Brian Foo, Lei He and Mihaela van der Schaar, "Optimality and Improvement of Dynamic Voltage Scaling Algorithms for Multimedia Applications," IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I , Volume 57, Issue 3, March 2010, pp. 681-690. [PDF]
- Presenter:
- Slides:
May 10, 2011
- P3: Aman Kansal, Feng Zhao, Jie Liu, Nupur Kothari, and Arka Bhattacharya, "Virtual Machine Power Metering and Provisioning," ACM Symposium on Cloud Computing (SOCC), June 2010. [PDF]
- Presenter:
- Slides:
- P4: Dong Mian and Lin Zhong, "Self-constructive, High-rate Energy Modeling for Battery-powered Mobile Systems," ACM/USENIX Int. Conf. Mobile Systems, Applications, and Services (MobiSys), June 2011. [PDF]
- Presenter:
- Slides:
May 12, 2011
- None (no class)
May 17, 2011
- P5: Woongki Baek and Trishul Chilimbi, "Green: A Framework for Supporting Energy-Conscious Programming using Controlled Approximation," ACM SIGPLAN Conference on Programming Language Design and Implementation '10 (PLDI) June 2010. [PDF]
- Presenter:
- Slides:
- P6: David G. Andersen, Jason Franklin, Michael Kaminsky, Amar Phanishayee, Lawrence Tan, and Vijay Vasudevan, "FAWN: A Fast Array of Wimpy Nodes," In Proceedings of the ACM SIGOPS 22nd symposium on Operating systems principles (SOSP '09), 2009. [PDF]
- Presenter:
- Slides:
May 19, 2011
- P7: Qinghui Tang, S.K.S. Gupta and G. Varsamopoulos, “Energy-Efficient Thermal-Aware Task Scheduling for Homogeneous High-Performance Computing Data Centers: A Cyber-Physical Approach,” IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems, vol. 19, no. 11, pp. 1458-1472, Nov 2008. [PDF]
- Presenter:
- Slides:
May 24, 2011
- P8: Xing Fu, Xiaorui Wang, and Charles Lefurgy, "How Much Power Oversubscription is Safe and Allowed in Data Centers?", the 8th International Conference on Autonomic Computing (ICAC 2011), Karlsruhe, Germany, June 2011. [PDF]
- Presenter:
- Slides:
- P9: Asfandyar Qureshi, Rick Weber, Hari Balakrishnan, John Guttag, and Bruce Maggs, "Cutting the Electric Bill for Internet-scale Systems," In Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM 2009 conference on Data communication (SIGCOMM '09), 123-134, 2009. [PDF]
- Presenter:
- Slides:
May 26, 2011
- None
May 31, 2011
- P10: Anthony Rowe, Mario Berges, Ragunathan (Raj) Rajkumar, "Contactless Sensing of Appliance State Transitions," The 2nd ACM Workshop On Embedded Sensing Systems For Energy-Efficiency In Buildings (BuildSys), held in conjunction with ACM SenSys, November 2010. [PDF]
- Presenter:
- Slides:
- P11: S. Gupta, M.S. Reynolds, and S.N. Patel, "ElectriSense: Single-Point Sensing Using EMI for Electrical Event Detection and Classification in the Home," In the Proceedings of UbiComp 2010 (Sept. 26-29, Copenhagen, Denmark), ACM, New York, 2010, pp. 139-148. [PDF]
- Presenter:
- Slides:
June 2, 2011
- P12: Jiakang Lu, Tamim Sookoor, Vijay Srinivasan, Gao Ge, Brian Holben, John Stankovic, Eric Field, Kamin Whitehouse, "The Smart Thermostat: Using Occupancy Sensors to Save Energy in Homes," The 8th ACM Conference on Embedded Networked Sensing Systems (SenSys). November 3-5, 2010, Zurich, Switzerland. [PDF, PPT (slides)]
- Presenter:
- Slides:
- P13: V. Erickson, M. Á. Carreira-Perpiñán, and A. E. Cerpa, "OBSERVE: Occupancy-Based System for Efficient Reduction of HVAC Energy," Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Information Processing in Sensor Networks (IPSN 2011), April 2011. [PDF]
- Presenter;
- Slides:
Survey Article
Please select a topic relevant to the course, and do an on-line survey article that should include a clear description of the topic, the historical development, current state of the art, emerging approaches, references, and pointers for further reading. Think of it like a good encyclopedia article. A good model would be the articles found in Scholarpedia, which is like Wikipedia but curated. Wikipedia articles are a good model in terms of style, in terms of content they are often fluffy. Below are some suggested topics, but you are free to propose your own. In any event, you must get my approval for the topic as I would like to have multiple students working on similar topics. Your survey would be an on-line one, in the form of a web page (with sub-pages if needed). While you can create and host the web page anywhere, you may consider using something convenient, such as Google Sites or some other hosting service. You could even simply create a page on Wikipedia (assuming one doesn't already exist).
- Modeling and measuring power in computing equipment (chips, systems, data centers)
- Support for energy aware applications in OS/Languages
- Thermal-aware task scheduling
- Sensing electricity usage in buildings
- Sensing water and gas usage in buildings
- Networking/communication technologies for building automation and management
- Occupancy detection in buildings
- Privacy issues in smart metering
- Smart lighting technologies
- Energy-water nexus
- Building modeling and simulaiton
- Smart grid pricing strategies
- Forecasting of energy usage (buildings or grid)
- Smart water networks
- Green transport systems (note: this is not just about the vehicles)
- Smart materials for energy harvesting
Projects
Project Ideas Part 1
Project Ideas Part 2
Classwork Submission
- Submit your classwork at http://nesl.ee.ucla.edu/courses/ee209as/2011s/submissions (password protected)
External Resources
Books, Reports, and Papers
- Luiz André Barroso and Urs Hölzle, "The Datacenter as a Computer: An Introduction to the Design of Warehouse-Scale Machines," 2009.
- The Climate2020 Group, "Smart2020: Enabling the Low Carbon Economy in the Information Age," 2008.
- Stefanos Kaxiras ad Margaret Martonosi, "Computer Architecture Techniques for Power-Efficiency," 2008.
- Lorenz M. Hilty, "Information Technology and Sustainability: Essays on the Relationship between Information Technology and Sustainable Development," 2008. ISBN: 978-3837019704
- List of books and journals on green computing
Courses
- Randy Katz & David Culler's CS294-49 (Fall 2009) @ Berkeley: Creating the Grid OS: A Computing Systems Approach to Energy Problems
- Courses on reducing energy of computation systems
- Fred Chong's CS290N (Winter 2010) @ UCSB: Green Computing
- Jim Kurose, Parviz Kermani, Prashant Shenoy's CMPSCI 691GC (Fall 2009) @ UMass: Seminar: Green Computing
- Xiaorui Wang's ECE692 (Fall 2009) @ UTK: Power-Aware Computer Systems
- Rajesh Gupta's CSE 291 (Fall 2008) @ UCSD: Graduate Seminar in Embedded Systems: Data Centers
- Aristides Efthymiou's Energy Aware Computing @ Edinburgh
- Kirk Pruh's CS3150 (Spring 2010) @ Pittsburgh: Science of Power Management
- Ricardo Bianchini's Data Center Energy Management @ Rutgers
- Sandeep Gupta's CSE 591/494: Topics in Green Computing and Communication (Spring 2011) @ ASU
- Physics 162: Renewable Energy Sources @ Univ. of Oregon
- Energy Related Courses @ MIT
- Pappas & Taskar's CIS-800: Green Buildings: Optimization and Adaptation (Spring 2011) @ UPenn
Research Groups
- Berkeley
- LoCal Project
- E3S: NSF Center for Energy Efficient Electronics Science
- CMU
- Electric Energy Systems Group
- Step Green
- LBL
- Building Energy Efficiency
- Energy Efficient Digital Networks
- NCSU'
- FREEDM: NSF Future Renewable Electric Energy Delivery and Management Systems Center
- Stanford
- Precourt Energy Efficiency Center (PIEE)
- UCLA
- SMERC: Smart Grid Energy Research Center
- Clean-Green IGERT
- UCSB's Institute for Energy Efficiency
- Greenscale Center
- Univ. of Delaware's Vehicle to Grid
- University of South Florida's Energy Efficient Internet Project
Websites
- IEEE Technical Area of Green Computing
- Green Ethernet
- CalCars (California Cars Initiative)
- List of web sites relating to V2G
Workshops and Conferences
- NSF/CCC Workshop on IT and the Sustainability Enterprise: Role of Information Sciences and Engineering in Sustainability (RISES), February 2011
- NSF Science of Power Management Workshop (2009, 2010)
- Low-Power Electronics
- The International Symposium on Low Power Electronics and Design (ISLPED)
- Green Communications and Networking
- University of Maryland's Green Communications Workshop, October 2010
- ACM Sigcomm Workshop on Green Networking (2010)
- International Workshop on Green Communications (2009a, 2009b, 2010)
- Green Computing
- Workshop on Power Aware Computing and Systems (HotPower) (2008, 2010)
- International Green Computing Conference (2010, 2011)
- Buildings
- BuildSys: ACM Workshop On Embedded Sensing Systems For Energy-Efficiency In Buildings
- Smart Grid
- Santa Barbara Summit on Energy Efficiency (2010, 2011)