ANIMALS DEteCtion

PASSIVE ACOUSTIC MONITORING (PAM):  SOUND COME FROM ANIMALS

The various acoustic sensors allows the detection and observation of various species across different environments. From the depths of the ocean to the dense forest, the acoustic sensors allow researchers to capture the vocalizations of diverse animals.

A) Terrestrial Animals

• Terrestrial Animals:  In addition of PVM using camera traps, PAM allows the researcher to detect the presence of hinds, felines, bears, to cite a few.

• Insects: Insects also produce sound signatures for communication and other purposes. Certain insects, such as crickets, katydids, and cicadas are known for their characteristic chirping or buzzing vocalizations.

• Birds: Many bird species are known for their distinctive calls and songs, which serve various purposes such as communication, mate attraction, and territorial defense. The number of animal vocalizations detected in recorded samples can provide an understanding of species diversity and abundance in each area. In countries as Colombia where the diversity of birds is very large, specific models have to been developed.

B) Marine Animals

• Marine Mammals: PAM is often use to detect the presence of marine mammals, which can be challenging to observe from the surface. The marine mammals include whales, seals and sea lions, porpoises, dolphins, manatees and dugongs, and polar bears, to cite a few. Through their vocalizations used for communication and social interactions, the researchers can identify and oversee them. They can a sampling technique to collect samples at various locations, recording sound figures and rates of occurrence over different dates.

• Fish and other aquatic creatures: PAM can also identify vocalizations produced by fish and other vertebrate or inverterbrate aquatic organisms. Fish produce a variety of sounds for communication, navigation, and prey detection, which can be recorded using underwater hydrophones.  In oceans wher the diversity of fish is very large, specific models have to been developed.

C) References

Please see the Passive Acoustic Monitoring Website.

PASSIVE VISUAL MONITORING (PVM): MOVING OBJECTS ARE ANIMALS

A) Terrestrial Animals

• Terrestrial Animals:  PVM allows the researcher to detect the presence of hinds, felines, bears, to cite a few. Most of the times, camera trap are employed to avoid the storage of useless images in which animals do not appear.

• Insects: Insects can also be detected such as honeybees and spiders. 

• Birds: Many bird species are known for their distinctive appearance in color and shape. In countries as Colombia where the diversity of birds is very large, specific models have to been developed.

B) Marine Animals

• Marine Mammals: 

• Fish and other aquatic creatures: PVM alllows to detect and identify fish and other vertebrate or inverterbrate  organisms aquatic organisms. Fish present a variety of colors and shapes, which can be detected using underwater cameras.  Fish can be in different environnments such as tanks, fish ladders and open sea. In oceans where visual conditions are very challenging, specific models have to been developed.

C) References

Please see the Passive Visual Monitoring Website.