August 10, 2025 Vintage Car Update--Gemini
Gemini AI was asked to improve the appearance of the yellow vintage car shown in the July 10 post below. Four images from various angles that had previously been rendered by Gemini were submitted and from those, rounder and more realistic images were rendered (see images below).
The original concept was drawn in SkechUp Make but due to my lack of technical skills and patience it didn't turn out all that well. Gemini substantially improved its appearance.
Gemini is not perfect. Some corrections are remaining to be made on 3 other images. including the black canvas top and other minor items. GIMP Photo Editor does a nice job copying and pasting parts, scaling, cloning, alignment, and hue adjustment. Overall Gemini's style and details are much better this time around. Here is one edited and three unedited variations based on my updated instructions:
August 8, 2025 SketchUp Make--Thread Design: Single, Double, and Triple Lead Screws
Multiple threads running parallel to each other requires fewer twists to tighten (or loosen). This style of fastener is not new, but generally speaking, we usually think of single threads on a bolt and screw.
Today's SketchUp project compares single, double, and triple lead screw styles and gives a few tips on how they can be drawn using helixes.
I've covered this topic before, but today's approach is slightly different. Click here to see related posts June 23 -- July 3, 2023 and earlier yet from the archives September 3 -- 10, 2021. More recently, further down this page--March 26 -- 27, 2025.
Below are renderings from today's project. The SketchUp model for today can be viewed in your web browser by Clicking Double - Triple - Single Lead Screws for Viewer (Uneditable).
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Note: All models herein are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended for manufacturing or real-world application.
August 7, 2025 SketchUp Make--How to Draw Bundt Pans
Two styles of Bundt Pans were created today--Plain and Fancy.
Images of both pans are shown below. A link to the SketchUp model will show the steps for completing the project. Bundt Pans for Viewer. Both projects would be suitable for Beginners and Intermediate SketchUp users.
The Plain version is a simple design that uses the Follow Me Tool to form the entire shape, with the exception of the Offset Tool used to form the lip along the top rim of the pan.
No images of a bundt cake or display platform were included in today's project. Blender would be a better application for rendering a cake with drippy frosting or covered with sprinkles, nuts, or berries, etc. Here is the link to my 2021 Archive containing related Blender posts dated November 4th, 9th, and 17th. Also, see Blender Donut Images (and other Blender renderings) from the same year--created and rendered with Blender.
The fancy version is an adaptation of the design used for Yesterday's Jello Mold project. To begin the project, the jello mold was copied and pasted into a new file. The center was modified by erasing and then drawing a conical tube (using Follow Me Tool again). Connecting the conical tube to the the irregular shaped bottom of the pan was completed by first intersecting the faces of the conical tube with the faces of the pan and then trimming (erasing) the excess/overlapped surfaces.
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If you haven't used SketchUp before, the free online version can be used by clicking this link SketchUp Free. You can log in with your Google account or use another login option.
August 6, 2025 SketchUp Make--How to Draw a Jello Mold
Here is another SketchUp project for intermediate users. A SketchUp Viewer model that opens in your browser is linked below.
Images of a few of the steps for drawing the jello mold and serving platform are shown below. Also included are two rendered images created with Twilight Render Extension for SketchUp Make.
The duplicate & rotate about center and intersect faces/selection options were used to form the mold. Extensive erasing of internal geometry was necessary after intersection of faces was completed. The Follow Me Tool was used to create the initial sphere shape. The Push/Pull Tool, and Offset Tool were also used in a similar manner as yesterday's post.
Lastly, Opacity was used for the simulating molded strawberry (or raspberry) Jello as well as for the green glass serving platform. The green glass was set for 50% Opacity while the Jello was set at 85%.
These setting are especially important prior to using Twilight Render Extension. To simulate glass, the Cast Shadows option can be deselected (unchecked) as needed using the Twilight Render Material Editor's Color and Advanced options. Otherwise open or hollow glass objects may be filled in by an unwanted shadow. Sometimes it is necessary to not use the SketchUp Colors--in these instances there are other options that can be substituted.
Jello Mold for Viewer (uneditable).
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If you haven't used SketchUp before, the free online version can be used by clicking this link SketchUp Free. You can log in with your Google account or use another login option.
August 5, 2025 SketchUp Make--How to Draw Suitcases
Here is another SketchUp project for beginners. A SketchUp Viewer model that that opens in your browser is linked below as well as a SketchUp Make version that will require downloading and opening in SketchUp Make or later versions.
Images of the steps for drawing the suitcases and a rendered image created with Twilight Render extension are shown below.
The 2-Point Arc Tool was used to form the corners of the suitcases and handles. The Follow Me Tool, Push/Pull Tool, and Offset Tool were also used.
I was a bit sloppy getting all corner arcs the same. Just a millimeter or two off the mark will be noticeable. Smooth and Hide options can be used to cover up mistakes, but it isn't recommended for projects that require precision measurements.
Suitcases for Viewer (uneditable).
Suitcases (downloadable for SketchUp Make or later versions (Editable).
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If you haven't used SketchUp before, the free online version can be used by clicking this link SketchUp Free. You can log in with your Google account or use another login option.
August 4, 2025 SketchUp Make--How to Draw an Egg
Option #1:
First, draw a sphere using the Follow Me Tool.
Next, draw a rectangle through half of the sphere as shown below.
Select the sphere and rectangle and intersect faces that will separate the left and right halves.
Select the left half and elongate it by Scaling (Scale Tool) outward at the end.
Erase rectangle and Smooth using Ctrl-Eraser, or first group and then apply the Soften/Smooth option.
Option #2:
Draw a 3000 x 1500 mm rectangle as shown.
Then draw a 2 point arc as shown and a horizontal line positioned at vertical center.
Select the upper half and elongate it using the Scale Tool by moving the top center grip upward.
Trim the corners and draw a circle beneath the egg shaped layout (any diameter will do).
Use the Follow Me Tool by first selecting the outer edge of the circle (circumference) with the Select Tool and then touch the interior of the egg with the Follow Me Tool.
Option #3:
Option 3 is intended for Intermediate users. Instead of Step-by-Step instructions, a link to a SketchUp Viewer model is provided. How to Draw an Easter Egg for Viewer will open in your browser (uneditable). This project utilizes the Smooth/Soften Edges option, Duplicate and Rotate about Center Axis feature, and the From Contours Tool for creating surfaces.
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If you haven't used SketchUp before, the free online version can be used by clicking this link SketchUp Free. You can log in with your Google account or use other login options.
How to Draw an Egg Shape for Beginners Option #1
How to Draw an Egg Shape for Beginners Option #2
How to Draw an Egg Shape for Intermediate Users Option 3
July 28 2025 SketchUp Make Vintage Car 3D Model--Continued from July 10
A ground-level camera angle from the 1949 Hudson SketchUp model was used for the continuation of the Vintage Car rendering completed with Gemini AI.
After a half dozen updates;, here are my Gemini instructions that came the closest to what I was looking for:
"Please create a photo realistic copy of the attached ground-level screen shot set against an infinite background from a 3D model. Please keep the car's ground-level view with the angle as shown. Replace the background and foreground so that the car is sitting in a auto dealership's showroom window with an interior that reflects a 1949 design as viewed from the inside. The vehicle model is a 1949 Hudson Super Six four-door sedan . Please retain the light blue color paint and body lines but give it a luster. Also, make the paint, chrome, and headlights very bright and highly reflective appropriate for a showroom. The window glass should be clear and shiny (not tinted). The front parking lights below the head lights should have amber colored glass lenses. If possible, improve the appearance of the under carriage of the vehicle, because this aspect was omitted from the model."
The ground-level view was changed slightly along with a trim lines, but that was o.k. Some minor adjustments were made with the GIMP Photo Editor.
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Later, another camera angle screen shot from the SketchUp model was used to created side- and side-rear views images. Thereafter, substantial editing with GIMP was necessary to correct flaws. Here are the instructions given to Gemini:
Side View Instructions:
"Please create a photo realistic copy of the attached side rear view image of a 1949 Hudson Super Six 4-door Sedan set against an infinite background from a 3D model. Please keep the car's ground-level view with the angle as shown where the car is parked next to a curb on a paved street in front of residential homes with and yards reminicent of the 1940s or early 1950s. Position the car so that a portion of the trunk, rear bumper, and tail lights can be seen. The trunk door has a chrome handle with a chrome Hudson emblem above it, as shown. Please retain the light blue color paint and body lines but give it a lusterous reflective appearance. Also, make the paint, chrome, and tail light lenses very bright and highly reflective.. The window glass should be clear and shiny with some reflective qualities, (not tinted). The tail lights have dark red colored glass lenses surrounded by a chrome housing shaped similar to an elongated pentagon. The wheels have white sidewall tires with chrome hub caps as shown. The body trim all the bottoms of the doors and quarter panels is a polished aluminum material."
Side Rear View Instructions:
"Please create a photo realistic copy of the attached side rear view image of a 1949 Hudson Super Six 4-door Sedan set against an infinite background from a 3D model. Please keep the car's ground-level view with the angle as shown where the car is parked next to a curb on a paved street in front of residential homes with and yards reminicent of the 1940s or early 1950s. Position the car so that a portion of the trunk, rear bumper, and tail lights can be seen. The trunk door has a chrome handle with a chrome Hudson emblem above it, as shown. Please retain the light blue color paint and body lines but give it a lusterous reflective appearance. Also, make the paint, chrome, and tail light lenses very bright and highly reflective.. The window glass should be clear and shiny with some reflective qualities, (not tinted). The tail lights have dark red colored glass lenses surrounded by a chrome housing shaped similar to an elongated pentagon. The wheels have white sidewall tires with chrome hub caps as shown. The body trim all the bottoms of the doors and quarter panels is a polished aluminum material. Lastly, angle the camera view so that more of the rear window and trunk area can be seen."
Here is the 1949 Hudson Update for Viewer (with fuel re-fill door).
Lastly, something new! You can now view all Hudson images containing the full-sized SketchUp and Gemini renderings in one place by clicking this link: 49 Hudson--Google Photos Album.
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Note: All models herein are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended for manufacturing or real-world application.
July 26, 2025 Gears-- Another Approach. SketchUp Make with Twilight Render Extension
The initial layout for today's "blue colored" gears utilized a flat surface instead of a 3-D object. The end result was the same as shown in the July 24th post. As with the previous post, specific gear design and geometric theory are not discussed or applied. The main purpose was to illustrate another approach for drawing a relatively simple 3D model with SketchUp from scratch.
Five SketchUp Make camera positions were rendered with Twilight Render Extension (see below). Three images are relective while the last two were captured from the opposite direction with subdued light. Brightness, materials, and sun angle remained about the same as the "green" gears shown in the previoius post.
Here is the Link to the Model: Blue Gears for Viewer. (Will open in your browser. Uneditable.)
Here is another link to today's SketchUp Model: Blue Gears. (Downloadable SketchUp skp file. Requires SketchUp Make or later versions to open. Editable.)
Comments: Most of the work was done with the Circle and push/Pull tools. Duplicate and Rotate about the center axis formed the gear cogs. Gear thickness in this model was set for 600 mm. Only half of the gear was drawn. the other half is a duplicate that was flipped on its blue axis. The final steps were to merge the two halves, explode grouped halves, and re-group as One.
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Note: All models herein are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended for manufacturing or real-world application.
July 24, 2025 Gears--SketchUp Make with Twilight Render Extension
Today's project is meant to be "Digital Art" for the mechanical mind. Power, rotation and motion transferred through meshed gears. Nothing fancy, just visual attraction and familiarity.
Five SketchUp Make camera positions were rendered with Twilight Render Extension (see below).
The gear design was created by duplicating and rotating a grouped gear cog about the center axis (Rotated 15 Degrees x 23 gears based on a 24 segment circle).
The gear cog was drawn using a rectangle that was one circular line segment in length. Its height can be any value that resembles a gear's thickness. An an inward offset from the rectangle was pulled outward with the extruded end tapered inward using the Scale Tool for forming one grear cog--no specific measurement for exact meshing was applied, however. The rest of the gear was drawn using the Circle Tool, Offset Tool and the Push/Pull Tool.
Rendering with Twilight Render Extension created a better quality using the Perfect Reflection material for both the Green Gears and the Blue Base with Environmental settings of 60 Degree lighting angle and 4.5 brightness for Studio Light that has a dark default background (Images 1--4). Image 5 was rendered with lower reflectivity and brightness using a metallic material.
Here is the Link to the Model: Green Gears for Viewer. (Will open in your browser. Uneditable.)
Here is another link to today's SketchUp Model: Green Gears. (Downloadable SketchUp skp file. Requires SketchUp Make or later versions to open. Editable.)
Comments: Reversal of color faces was completed here and there for uniformity. Gear thickness in this model was set for 600 mm. The center hole was therefore 600 mm in depth and the inner depression on both sides of the gear was 200 mm which leaves a thickness of 200 mm in the inner section. Lastly, Ctrl-Push/Pull may be useful in some instances for duplicating faces.
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Note: All models herein are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended for manufacturing or real-world application.
July 22, 2025 Pool Table Compilation--Using Gemini
Today's project uses Gemini AI to compose an image of a pool hall using only a pool table previously rendered from a SketchkUp model created last year (Click SketchUp Projects II, August 10, 2024). Here was Gemini's instructions:
Version 1:
"Please create a colorful photo realistic image of a pool hall with the pool table shown in the attached image--brighten up the image so the pool table's detail can be seen. Include background details including other pool tables, a bar, and fixtures on the walls such as pool cue racks, small signs or pictures, etc."
Version 2:
"Please create a colorful photo realistic image of a slightly run down pool hall with the pool table shown in the attached image--brighten up the image so the pool table's detail can be seen. Include background details including other pool tables, a bar, and fixtures on the walls such as pool cue racks, small signs or pictures, etc. Along the top and sides of the back bar also include some pink and green, or blue narrow neon tubing as a lighting effect."
See images below.
July 15, 2025 SketchUp Make Bolt Thread Design--Rotated Helix Method
(You can skip reading the first six paragraphs if you're not a SketchUp user.)
Today's project is another departure from my vertical duplication of Helixes for thread creation. Instead, the helixes are duplicated and then rotated from the Center Axis beginning at the Origin of Zero degrees. The amout of rotation is based on the percentage of the thread component allocated for each part of the thread design--its Thread Profile. That is, the Root Area(s), Flanks, and Crest. I think I could have combined the two root areas into one using only 4 helixes, but it's hard to teach an old dog new tricks.
Four Helix Method: Start with the first helix located at the Origin. The rotation of thread element represents 1/4 for two areas of the Root--when combined in this explanation--1/4 of 360 = 90 degrees--duplicated and rotated counter clockwise. The next duplicated hellix (rotated counter clockwise) would be one of the flanks which represents 5/16 of 360 Degrees or 112.5 degrees additional rotatation from the previous position.
The next part is the Crest which is 1/8 of the total thread pitch; therefore, 1/8 of 360 = 45 degrees. The remaining distance around the circle fills in the second flank (112.5 degrees) that leads us back to the origin for a total of 360 Degrees. Let's check the math: 90 + 112.5 + 45 + 112.5 = 360. The Five Helix method is virtually the same except another helix is duplicted at 45 degrees. In the event you choose to use the four-helix approach, the 2D thread profile would be be drawn with the root area on just one end (1/4 length of the Pitch) for this thread design.
Note: If you prefer to design the thread profile with equal spacing of the Crest and Root, the extra 1/8 removed from the Root would be divide equally with an additon 1/16 added to the width and length of the two flanks. It would also require redrawing the thread profile that reflect a change in depth of the thread because the 30 Degrees per flank would interersect the root differently while maintaning a constant 300 mm Pitch for this example.
The Protractor Tool is a necessity for creating the 30 degree angles for both flanks when pivoted from each corner of the nose of the Crest. The Thread Profile (not shown) for this design would have 1/16 of the Pitch or 22.5 degrees rotation for each five-helix configuration, or just 45 degrees for a four-helix root allocation. Because the root area is narrower, the thread depth will be deeper--the diagonal flanks extend farther back from the nose of the crest than with the example given in this post.
Welding the helixes are optional but it seems to create a very smooth surface when usiing a 48 line segment circle. After the helixes are in positioned, the 5 (or 4) helixes are selected and scaled vertically to 300 mm. Next, the squished helixes need to be duplicated and copied vertical x 7 to equal 8 TPI (threads per inch). In this model, 2400 mm represents a One inch scale. Click the Viewer Link for the complete duplication process, including the creation of the initial helix which is typical of most helixes created from scratch using SketchUp Make. (See images below).
Here is the Link to the Model: Helix Rotation Method for Viewer. Will open in your browser. Uneditable.)
Here is another link to today's SketchUp Model: Helix Rotation Method. (Downloadable SketchUp skp file. Requires SketchUp Make or later versions to open. Editable.)
Comments: Today's method is basically the same as methods explained in previous posts. The difference is that 4 additional helixes are rotated into position based on mathematical percentages of degrees taken from the thread profile. Once rotated about the center axis, no trimming at either end of the helixes is required. Then the Cylinder is pulled up to the prrescribed length after temporarily grouping the helixes. -- In prevous models from earlier posts a single extra long helix is positioned at Zero degrees, (the origin) and then duplicated and moved into position (one at a time) using the thread profile as a guide temporarily aligned adjacent to the 5 helixes---with no mathematical calculations f percentage of degrees required. No ratation of helixes about the center is done. After vertically aligned, the tops and bottoms of all 5 helixes are exploded and trimmed even with the base and top of the thread. In this method, the cylinder is created first. As in the previous method, the number of line segments in the circle (base) must be the same as the helix spiral's segment per revolution (per thread).
There's a trade off regarding which method is more efficent, but the outcome is identical. Both are time consuming.
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Note: All models herein are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended for manufacturing or real-world application.
July 10, 2025 SketchUp Make Vintage Car 3D Model--Further Processed with Twilight Render Extension and Gemini
Today's project is a piece-by-piece drawn model of a vintage car--nothing out of the ordinary but wait to see what Twilight Render Extension and Gemini can do when given a few instructions on what to add!
Here the Link to the Model: Vintage Car for Viewer. Will open in your browser. Uneditable.)
Here is another link to today's SketchUp Model: Vintage Car (Downloadable SketchUp skp file. Requires SketchUp Make or later versions to open. Editable.)
Some images (see below) were rendered with SkechUP Make as 2D graphic exports. Others were rendered With Twilight Render Extension in SketchUp. Uploaded images to Gemini were provided with instructions for enhancement and background subject matter.
Based on instructions provided. Both 2D graphics exports and Twilight Rendered images were converted by Gemini. GIMP was later used to fix a few design flaws in my vintage car desigin as well as to correct light and shadows wherever needed on our of Gemini's final renderings.
Lastly, a rendered image of a recently updated 1949 Hudson SketchUp model for viewer (completed 2022/2023) was also processed with Gemini. Here were some of the specific details that were similar to today's Vintage Car instructions: I even requested barbed wire fences around a pasture with grazing cattle, power poles, gravel road, and farms in the distance, a car wash and an oil change.
Instruction for Gemini's Rendering of 1949 Hudson: Please create a photo realistic image of the automobile model on display at an automobile dealership from the era of the model shown. Make the chrome, paint, windows and headlights very shiny and bright. Retain the basic shape of the grill and other chrome trim that is shown in the model.
Commnts: If you want your car's image to really shine--specify in your instructions that you want the chrome, paint, lights, and windows to be shiny and bright.
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Note: All models herein are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended for manufacturing or real-world application.
July 7, 2025 SketchUp Make--Forty-eight Segment Conical Base for Helix -- Concluded
Here are my final models for Two and Five Helix conical threads. Today's examples are built on a 48 line segment circular base with the following dimensions: radius = 4800 mm and height = 9600. The hypotenuse (line) along one side of the cone has been divided into 288 entities/sections. The divisions are for aligning short horizontal line segments which comprise 48 segments for a single revolution x 6 revolutions of the helix spiral (See SketchUp Viewer model and zoom in close)..
These sections will contain gradually increasing slope angles as they approach the apex of the cone. The Select and Move features of Sketchup provide a way to incrementally tilt all 288 sections at once. The adhesive nature of line segments "sticking" to other entities is a built-in property of SketchUp. Most of the time, it is an inconvenience that is dealt with by grouping objects separately, but in this instance it's a valuable time saver.
After these (288 tilted segments) have been properly pulled and stretched into alignment, all 288 sections are duplicated about the center axis. The total line segments for this operation consists of 288 x 40 = 11,520 segments from which only One continuous helix strand consisting of 288 sloped segments--with 6 revolutions will be copied. The remaining 11,282 segments will be deleted.
Once the initial helix strand had been created, duplicating more helixes for the 6 revolution 5-helix thread design required a bit of trial an error. Finding a suitable combination of rotational degrees that would approximate a thread and at the same time adhere to the conical surface was a challenge--especially in my situation--without having any mathematical expertise or concept of the underlying principles of what events occur in the 3 dimensional physical world when conical spirals are duplicated and rotated. This is where trial and error came to the rescue.
The first helix is positioned at 0 Degrees in realation to the cone from which the threads will be scaled (helix 1 originates on the red axis in today's example). Helix 1 was then duplicated and rotated to form Helix 2. The third helix was a duplicate of the second and rotated; the fourth helix was a duplicate of the third and rotated; and the fifth helix was a duplicate of the fourth and rotated. Here are the rotation values in degrees for helixes 2 through 5: Helix 2 rotated 180; Helix 3 rotated 45, Helix 4 rotated 90, and Helix 5 rotated 90 degrees.
Trying to conceptualize the rotational behavior is difficult to visualize beforehand. That is why it was necessary to watch each spiral as it was rotated into position. If there are any gaps between the helix strands and the cone's surface, later thread scaling attemps will be unsuccessful.
Mathematically, all I can surmise is that some number combinations work, others will not. Also, avoid decimal fractions when choosing dimensions. It is currently beyond my understanding to further explain the logic.
Here is the link to today's SketchUp Model: Forty-eight Segment Conical Helix for Viewer (Will open in your browser. Uneditable.) Added Content: (1) An alternate method for assembling Helixes. (2) Outward Scaled Conical Threads have been added to the SketchUp Viewer version.
Here is another link to today's SketchUp Model: Forty-eight Segment Conical Helix (Downloadable SketchUp skp file. Requires SketchUp Make or later versions to open. Editable.)
Comments:
Hopefully, these examples can be useful for further experimentation.
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Note: All models herein are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended for manufacturing or real-world application.
July 6, 2025 SketchUp Make--Forty Segment Conical Base for Helix -- Follow Up
Yesterday's Five Helix conical thread wasn't quite what I expected, so I tried a couple other sets dimensions. First an unsucessful try using 45 segments, 4500mm radius, and a 9000mm height using steps, outlined yesterday. Helixes would not adhere to the cone surface (they did not match).
However, the second attempt was set up for a 40 segment circle for the base, 4000 mm radius, 9000 mm height, 240 horizontal line segments duplicate upward along the hypotenuse. The Initial helix fit the as well as the four duplicates after they were rotated into position. The Values of the Rotations beginning with helix one at 0 degrees progressed as follows: 45 Degrees for the second, then 90 more, 90 more, and 90 more--the remaining 45 degrees span connected to the first helix (thread) forming one complete revolution to equal a total of 360 Degrees.
The rest of today's activity was the same as yesterday's post, except, I believe, today's model is a true five-helix design. Lastly, before the threads were scaled, it was necessary to connect the top of each helix to the apex of the center axis. It seems that whenever the helixes were exploded, they slightly warped the top of the cone--enough to cause the helixes not to adhere. Just three images were posted to show what was new.
Here is the link to today's SketchUp Model: Forty Segment Conical Helix for Viewer (Will open in your browser. Uneditable.)
Here is another link to today's SketchUp Model: Forty Segment Conical Helix (Downloadable SketchUp skp file. Requires SketchUp Make or later versions to open. Editable.)
Comments:
There are no doubt still more "magic" number combinations that will make five helix thread deformation possible. You can experiment to find what values work best.
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Note: All models herein are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended for manufacturing or real-world application.
July 5, 2025 SketchUp Make--Using a Circle Segment Count that Fits the Job.
When drawing SketchUp models from scratch, a lot of trial and error might be involved. Today's post illustrates the convenience of using 30 line segments to form the circular base of a conical thread that could be added to the end of a wood or metal screw.
In this model, the slant/rise of the tapered threads are variable. I selected arbitrary scaling inputs for the thread root of .067, 0,67 scaled about center for this model, but it could be calculated more precisely by matching the setting to the cylindrical thread having the same radius to which it would be merged (refer to earlier posts).
Another aspect of the conical thread is its flanks are not consistant, nor is the threads per inch. To improve the TPI to approximate the cylindrical portion of a screw (not shown), vertical scaling could be applied to the cone so that its 6 threads (explained a few sentences further down) occupy only .75 inches. Six thread of the cone drawn in this model is scaled up to 6000 mm which represents 1 inch of part of the total screw lenth.
Again, the 6 threads should be scaled down by a fraction of 6/8 to match the thread count of the uniform cylindrical threads. There for the conten can be vertically scaled smaller so that it become .75 of an inch (6/8). A one inch diameter coarse threaded bolt (not necessarily screws) have 8 threads per inch, but I've used it here as an example. (Anyway, you'd need a pretty big screwdriver to turn in a 1 inch diameter screw !)
The 30 line-segment circle is convenient in a number of ways. This model uses a 3000 mm radius and 6000 mm height for the cone hellix(es).
First, the hypotenuse forming the sides of the cone is divided into 180 line segments. That will make 6 revolutions of the spiraling helix--(180 divided by 6 = 30). Thirty line segments form the circumferance at the base of the cone that and become smaller as they approach to top of the cone to a single point.
Second, further into the project after the initial helix has been drawn, it will be necessary to duplicate it around the center axis to form either a V-shaped thread or a five-helix shaped thread.
For a V-shaped thread only 2 helixes are required. The method used is to duplicate the orginal grouped helix and rotate the duplicatee around the center axis 180 Degrees. One Helix is exploded along with the base. It will be necessary to repair the connection at the top of the cone for the last segment that seems to always detach from the top of the center axis line. After that is done Carefully exploded the second helix, repair the top connection making sure the selected helix remains selected. Lastly, positon the view so that scaling about centercan be completed where the helix will be set to 0.67, 0.67 (or other values) . This will distort the cone which forms the thread.
Next, for the Five-helix conical thread, a conventional thread profile is divided up into sections for the root, crest, and flanks.
Four helixes are individually duplicated and rotated using the first helix already in place that begins at the origin on the base line (in today's model, it is on the red axls). Here are the following rotation values based on fractions of a 360 degree circle: Original helix is duplicated and rotated clockwise 60 degrees that represents the root followed by repeated duplication and rotation as follows: The second helix is duplicated and rotated 120 degrees to form the upper flank. The flank helix is duplicated and rotated 60 degrees to form the Crest, and the Crest helix is duplicated and rotated 120 degrees to form the lower flank that completes the thread layout (profile). (60 + 120 + 60 + 120 = 360). The original helix is at 0 Degrees.
Finally, the area that represents the thread root is selected and scaled inward about center 0.67, 0.67 as mentioned before. The root area has been painted red in the model. It is also possible to select other or multiple areas to create other other profiles (see lag bolt images).
Why is using 30 line segments important. If rotations do not align with the circle's line segments, some portions of the helixes will not adhere to the cone's surface that is required in order for thread deformation to occur. Even increasing the line segment count to 360 degrees does not insure adhesion because fractional line length values may fall somewhere in between One degree.
Here is the link to today's SketchUp Model: Thirty Segement Conical Helix for Viewer (Will open in your browser. Uneditable)
Here is another link to today's SketchUp Model: Thirty Segment Conical Helix (Downloadable SketchUp skp file. Requires SketchUp Make or later versions to open. Editable.)
Comments:
There are other "magic" number combinations that will make five helix thread deformation possible. You can experiment to find what values work best.
Sorry to say the Five-Helix model was actually only 4 Helixes. One Helix was overwritten in the rotation steps. I will address this error in future posts.
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Note: All models herein are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended for manufacturing or real-world application.
June 30, 2025 Segmented Thread Design--Method Variation Using SketchUp Make
Today's post explains another method for setting up a segmented thread as opposed to scaling one of two helixes on a cylindrical surface to form the thread, or scaling/deforming the cylindrical surface with four or five helixes attached.
Here is the link to a previous model from SketchUp Projects II that shows the setup method using wireframes on which an initial thread segment is drawn by adding connect lines and triangles (SketchUp Projects II--July 29, 2024):
UNF 1/2" Diameter 20 TPI with a Rounded Root Thread for Viewer (Will open in your browser--uneditable.)
Here are the links for today's models (one-inch coarse thread) illustrating another way to draw the intial thread segment that may save a few steps and may be easier to visualize:
Thread Segments a New Method for Viewer (Will open in your browser. Uneditable.)
Thread Segments a New Method (Downloadable. Editable. Will open in SketchUp Make or later versions.)
The key thing to note in either method is that one side of the segment is elevated 1/24 of the Pitch (vertical line height of thread profile that forms the slope. In today's model, the radius of the thread is 2400mm (before scaling to 1" as the final step, if desired). There are 8 threads per inch (TPI) for a One Inch Coarse Thread. The thread length representing one inch is set at 4800 mm which is the same as the diameter of the bolt. Therefore, each thread segment needs to be 600 mm (its Pitch) 600 x 8 TPI = 1 inch.
Also, for today's project, the the circumference of the bolt is divided into 24 individual line segments (may be changed to a higher value for smoother threads using the Entity Info). For that reason the second side of the layout has been grouped and elevated 25 mm (1/24 of 600). An equivalent rise is shown in the previous model but it was drawn using a different technique.
Important: Tilting a completed segment drawn on a flat plane does not work. The thread segment's sides must first be established vertically with one higher than the other before the surfaces are drawn with all connecting lines maintaining the same slope!.
The triangles surfaces can be drawing using various patterns--that is your choice. All lines are hidden--not softened. Preliminary softening will interfere with line intersection steps used later to form the thread runouts at the top and bottom of the thread.
Rotating about center (axis) is used when forming the second side of the first thread segment. Rotating the initial grouped thread segment is also incorporated when duplicating the 24 segments required to form the first thread spiral. This model illustrates how 1/4 of the 24 segments are duplicated first It's faster than aligning all 23 one by one. Individual thread segments are first vertically aligned beginning at the origin (1st segment) see images below. Duplicate and rotate the first segment 15 degrees counter-clockwise with a multiple of x5 (1 + 5 = 6) with both values entered in the Measurements Box. The six thread segments are first vertically aligned before they are exploded and then regrouped as One (see images below).
The Group of 6 segments is then duplcated and rotated about the center axis 90 degrees with a multiple of x3 (step not shown in today's model). They are then vertically aligned and exploded before they are duplicated vertically 600 mm--the total Pitch Value) to the desired number of threads, for example, x19.
Lastly, it is important to alway leave the Center Axis and the Origin (1st Thread Segment) in their original position--only align segments in their counter-clockwise order using the Move Tool while they are grouped. Alignment must be exact. Undo steps or start over if alignment is incorrect.
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Note: All models herein are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended for manufacturing or real-world application.
May 24, 2025 Furniture Added-- SketchUp Make, Twilight Render Extension, GIMP
Here is the follow up model for yesterday's Introductory post.
The original model has been updated with crown molding, window, curtains, end tables, lamps, stool, desk/dresser, pictures, and mirror. The pillows were also re-arranged.
Color brigthness, exporsure, and hue were adjusted to improve the selected rendered images. I had difficulty bringing out the mirror's reflection with Twilight Render Extensin so I intensified the reflection in GIMP in for one image. The window background was a photo from the back yard and the abstract art was from the May 16 post in More Odds and Ends linked in the left side bar.
Here is the link for today's SketchUp Make Model: Updated Bedroom Decor for Viewer v2. (Will open in your browser--uneditable.)
Other modifications to bedframe and nightstands are not shown in models.
Again, I have not quite mastered the reflective properties using the Twlight Render Extension. Instead, the Mirror reflections showing a portion of the bed and pictures were re-drawn with GIMP using Copy/Paste, Perspective options, and Scaling tools. Pillow colors were swapped; however, the lamp shades were identical and did not require swapping.
Also, the link for downloadable version (requires SketchUp Make or later versions to open--Editable): Updated Bedroom Decor v2 skp file
June 12, 2025 addition: Four Poster Bed for SketchUp Viewer (uneditable).
May 23, 2025 Simplistic Interior Design-- SketchUp Make, Twilight Render Extension, GIMP
Here is a model of simple bedroom decor with geometric shaped pillows to add a splash of color. The background consists of two painted walls with white base boards, a carpeted floor, and painted ceiling.
The 3D model was created in SketchUp Make and rendered with Twilight Render Extension in SketchUp. A few images were brightened using GIMP Photo Editor with a minor Hue-Chroma adjustment to make the pillow colors Pop.
The ceiling in the model was drawn partially open along with two missing walls to allow light to enter the room for lighting and shadow effects. Also included in the images below are two exported images from SketchUp Make with edges showing. One image also has Shadows applied.
Here is the link for today's SketchUp Make Model: Pillow Design and Bedroom Decor for Veiwer. (Will open in your browser--uneditable.)
Also, the link for downloadable version (requires SketchUp Make or later versions to open--Editable): Pillow Design and Bedroom Decor skp file.
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Comments:
As shown, the images rendered are very plain. By additing a few more furnishing, lighting fixtures, a window, and curtains the model will become more complete.
May 17, 2025 Scaling Coarse Thread Helix to Fine Thread-- SketchUp Make
Today's post is a slight departure from the thread drawing routine used previously. The model converts the May 6, 2025 post's helix for a coarse thread design to a fine thread and thread profile usiing the Scale Tool. It needs to be done in two parts in order to retain the 30 degree flank angles and adjust thread depth for a fine thread, as resizing changes the pitch from 600mm to 400mm--that is, if you want to retain the 2400mm radius of the bolt before converting the bolt to a 1" diameter.
Begin by scaling the original oarse thread helix downward vertically until the distance between each twist is 400mm (Push/Pull Tool).
When scaling the grouped Thread Profile it was necessary to be accurate so that the pitch became 400mm. I used .66666666 units of precision in the measurements box for resizing the thread profile diagonally, corner to corner (see embedded Viewer model below).
The model also shows, scaling of the new bolt cylinder surface was done by redrawing the center axis line to 6400 mm to produce 16 threads or (1.333... inches of threads, the equivalent of 12 threads/inch) and then dragging a new cylinder upward (Push/Pull Tool) from the base to the top of the axis.
Here is the link for today's SketchUp Make Model: Scaling Ninety-Six Segment 1" Diameter Fiine Thread Skp file. (Downloadable for SketchUp Make or Later SketchUp versions--editable).
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Comments:
There are no images provided in today's post. Instead, navigate with the embedded SketchUp Viewer (Uneditable).
Wait for SketchUp Viewer to load model.
Either use Tools on the left side of the Viewer window or click the Present button at the top of Viewer. Fifteen scenes were created for viewer instead of exporting images for today's post. If you prefer to explore, use the navigation tools.
For better clarity click Enter Full Screen and Hide Scenes buttons near bottom of Viewer for an unobstructed view (Seems a little clumsy at first).
Hover in top left area of Viewer window and the Esc button will appear. Click it to exit the Present mode or press your browser's Reload this page button to start fresh. There is also an X left of the file name in the Viewer window that when clicked will exit Present.
The embedded code works with Chrome, Firefox, and Edge.
Note: All models herein are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended for manufacturing or real-world application.
May 15, 2025 Built in Calculus-- Text Tool, SketchUp Make
Today's post illustrates built in math features found in SketchUp Make. For example, the rectangular area below has been divided into parts A and B with a curved line.
The Text Tool was connected to each area (A & B) that automatically printed the area in square millimeters. By adding parts A and B, they will equal the area of the rectangle's area, provided the number of segments in the curved line segments are substantially increased.
On my first attempt, the total area returned by adding parts A and B was 2,000,270 instead of 2,000,000 mm² (2000 mm x 1000 mm). The default setting for the curved line segments created an error factor of 270 mm² because it was not dense enough.
Therefore, I increased the segment count in the four sections of the curved line using the divide tool. In total, the segment count was increased to 675 instead of the default values (see below).
Here's the link to view the model in your web browser: Text Tool Built-in Calculus for Viewer (Model will open in your browser--uneditable).
Here is the link to download today's model: Text Tool Built-in Calculus (Skp file for SketchUp Make or later SketchUp versions--Editable).
The number of line segments--675--was no magic number, but seemed to provide the degree of accuracy required for this example (see below).
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Note: All models herein are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended for manufacturing or real-world application.
SketchUp automatically returned the values of areas A and B. No Calculus required.
May 6, 2025 Ninety-Six Segment Spiral and Thread Layout-- SketchUp Make with Twilight Render Extension
Here is another review of a thread design model that provides better quality surfaces by increasing the segment count to 96/spiral. Most thread and helix demonstrations on this website have been created with a 24 count circle and/or spiral for expediency. The time required for the 96-segment layout is increased as well as more attention to accuracy is necessary while manually aligning four times as many entities.
The model of choice for today's example is a one inch diameter, 8 TPI coarse bolt thread. In addition to creating the helix, details for the thread profile and scaling the thread are shown.
Dimensions are given in millimeters but can be easily scaled to inches using the Tape Measure Tool, if desired. When finished, all that is required to resize is to span the 4800 mm diameter of the bolt with the Tape Measure Tool and enter 1" in the Measurements Box and confirm. The 4800mm diameter will be reduced to a 1" proportional diameter--you'll then have to zoom in (or press Zoom Extents) to find the miniature version, if you complete this project yourself.
Images from the model are included below along with a Viewer browser option and SKP file for download if you're a SketchUp user.
Ninety-Six Segment Helix Spiral for Viewer. Opens in your Browser (Uneditable).
Ninety-Six Segment Helix Spiral. Download skp file for SketchUp Make or later versions (Editable).
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Note: All models herein are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended for manufacturing or real-world application.
April 30, 2025 Mood and Brightness-- SketchUp Make with Twilight Render Extension
Today's post is nothing spectacular regarding complexity--the subject matter is eight colored cubes randomly positioned on a neutral colored base. All colors were designated with a high degree of reflectivity and the base was set as a shiny plastic in Twilight Render's Materials Editor.
Lighting affects the mood as viewed from a variety of camera angles with brightness ranging from Level 2 through 8 that is adjusted in Twilight Render's Environmental Editor.
Some of the lower brightness levels--depending upon the colors in the foreground--sets the overall tone of the image. The white cube seems to be a calming and soothing color to focus on in images having a Level 2 brightness setting--the white is noticeably dimmer. At the highest level, white dissolves into bright and has an opposite effect.
There's not much else to comment on with regard to a bunch of cubes--the interplay of colors is about it.
Rounded Corner Cubes for Viewer. Opens in your Browser (Uneditable).
Rounded Corner Cubes. Download skp file for SketchUp Make or later versions (Editable).
Below are thirteen images rendered in SketchUp Make with Twilight Render Extension applied. The last image is a clipping from the 3D model.
April 26, 2025 More Swirly Things-- SketchUp Make with Twilight Render Extension
Creating conical helixes from scratch is difficult to explain and illustrate--there are many little things that can cause problems. This post focuses on some of the finer points for making everything work the way it should.
Notice that one of the final drawings (blue model rendered version) is slightly segmented (rough). Had it been deformed slightly more (or maybe less) some of the irregularities might have vanished. The Yellow model (see below) is much smoother after rendering. It had been stretched more during the scaling/deformation step.
Today's scaling/deformation alignments were arbitrary--meaning that no algorithm was applied to guarantee a precise alignment.
Here is the link for Conical Spiral for Viewer. Opens in your Browser (Uneditable).
Also, here is the link that can be used to download the skp file for SketchUp Make or later versions (editable): Conical Spiral.
Additionally here are two more updateds model created several months later: V-Shaped Conical Spiral for SketchUp Viewer (06-21-2025, uneditbale) and Conical Spiral Screw for SketchUp Viewer (06-22-2025, uneditable). Both models are simpler designs using only two helix coils. The second helix is exploded last in each model. The Helixes (spiral lines) are scaled instead of the open surface areas that cannot be scaled/distorted when using only two helixes are used for V shaped threads.
Lastly, Another novel method for creating the helix for the cylindrical helix coil in the second model was employed. This was an adaptation of how the conical thread spiral was created in the first model's conical helix using many replicated/duplicated helix elements.
Geometry on the Screw model was manually edited and patched using the eraser and line tool with new triangular surfaces created where the conical thread meets the cylindrical thread.
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Note: All models herein are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended for manufacturing or real-world application.
April 25, 2025 Six Impeller Auger Design-- SketchUp Make with Twilight Render Extension
A familiar shape found in many mechanical operations is a helical component seen in worm gears, augers, and food processors (meat grinders), for example.
Today's renderings stacks a series of six-edge segments that have a 6 Degrees rotation between their top and bottom surfaces. By stacking ten aligned groups of such segments in smaller stacks of six, it is possible to create a complete 360 degrees rotation of the auger, or worm gear (see below).
Here is the link for Six Impeller Auger for Viewer. Opens in your Browser (Uneditable).
Also, here is the link that can be used to download the skp file for SketchUp Make or later versions (editable): Six Impeller Auger.
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Comments:
Other designs are shown in previous SketchUp models including a custom drill bit with a four-fluted design; but most have been drawn with a single or double helix auger--and are more elongated:
Aug. 1, 2024 Four Fluted Drill Bit (SketchUp Projects III).
Nov. 24, 2023 Link to Reciprocating Hand drill. Aug. 3--13, 2023 Revised Drill Bits , (SketchUp Projects II)
Feb. 12, July 29, July 30, 2023 Drill Bits (SketchUp Projects),
Earlier attempts for modeling drill bits can be accessed using the side bar link: Miscellaneous > [Folders] > Auger Bits 2021 that also include antique wood drill bits.
Finally, much earlier--single fluted auger drill bit images are in Miscellaneous > [Folders] > Drill Bits (from 2014).
The learning process is ongoing with many other avenues to explore.
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Note: All models herein are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended for manufacturing or real-world application.
April 23, 2025 Double Helix V-shaped Threads-- SketchUp Make
The most simple version of a 3D thread was drawn with a grouped cylindrical tube and two grouped helixes with the second rotated about the center axis 180 degress to the right. The cylinder and one helix were exploded. Then, the final scaling was performed to shrink the root to thread depth that formed a basic V-shaped thread (30 degrees angle for each flank):
Unlike more complex thread profiles, the scaling process for today's model required the scaling of the second helix line, not the area between adjacent helixes since there are only two helixes. To accomplish this, after exploding the second grouped helix, scale it immediately while it is still selected. If clicked elsewhere, you will lose your opportunity to scale it about center (just undo the inadvertent click and try again).
In my initial drawings from years ago, the scaling was a trial an error process involving scaling about Center (Ctrl Scale). In more recent years, including today's model, an alignment guide has been drawn near the base of the thread that insures a perfectly formed thread every time.
I have also drawn a simple V-shaped Thread Profile that conforms with the thread pitch and 30 Degrees flanks using the Protractor Tool for a guide (see viewer). The thread profile is positioned at the cylinder's base to measure the thread depth for the alignment guide that extends to the corner of the bounding box (applied when using the Scale tool):
Select the Scaling Tool with only the helix line selected. Press and hold Ctrl key while pulling the Mid-corner Green grip downward until it touches the point of the Alignment Guide (shown in red) and then release. The Mid-corner Grip is located directly above the alignment guide.
Lastly, a single segmented approach was used to build the initial helix instead of an elongated and scaled down helix of 24 segments--it results in the same helix but saves a step or two (see images below).
Here is the link for V-Shaped Thread for Viewer. Opens in your Browser (Uneditable).
Also, here is the link that can be used to download the skp file for SketchUp Make or later versions (editable): V-Shaped Thread.
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Note: All models herein are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended for manufacturing or real-world application.
April 15, 2025 Conical-Conical Spiral -- SketchUp Free
Today's model is more or less a repeat of the March 31 post except that it was completed entirely with SketchUp Free (online version).
By slightly reducing the diameter of the coiled tube used for creating the tapered cone, incremental segment scaling was much easiter than the March 31 model. In addition, SketchUp Free was able to increment sections from .99 all the way down to .001 at the tip. One percent scaling reduction per segment is easy to keep track of, but it will also help if you label every 5 segments so you don't lose your place (see model).
SketchUp Free also has a convenient Weld Edges feature, and along with Soften and Smooth does a good job putting the finishing touches on the completed tapered cone--including hiding segment lines (see images below.
There is no SketchUp Make version today.
Here is the link for Conical-Conical Spiral for Viewer Opens in your Browser (Uneditable).
Also, here is the link that can be used to download the skp file for use in SketchUp Free or later versions of SketchUp-- Editable--however not, compatiable with SketchUp Make: Conical-Conical Spiral (skp file).
Once downloaded, the skp file can be dropped (imported) as a component into a new file created in SketchUp Free. Lastly, once imported, the component can be edited, if desired.
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Note: All models herein are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended for manufacturing or real-world application.
April 13, 2025 One Inch Diameter Coarse Thread 8 TPI -- SketchUp Make with Twilght Render Extension
Today's thread and bolt model illustrates a basic five-helix thread design with chamfers at both ends that have realistic thread runouts.
The Model is shown in two parts. Most of the design elements are covered in Part I, while the scaling to a One-Inch diameter, using the Tape measure Tool method, and final display are shown in Part II.
Here is the link to the Eight TPI Thread Part I for Viewer and Part II for Viewer (both will open in your browser--not editable).
Also, here are the links for the SketchUp Make skp files for Part I and Part II for download (Will open in SketchUp Make or later versions--Editable).
Images from Part II are shown below.
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Note: All models herein are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended for manufacturing or real-world application.
April 4, 2025 Antique Typewriter -- SketchUp Make Model with Twilght Render Extension, and GIMP
Another blast from the past was published on June 10, 2021 (New Google Sites 2021 Archive) on Home Page. Twilight Render was unknown to me at the time, so any artwork filters were applied with GIMP. Compare the old images from 2021 with those rendered below using Twilight Render Extension.
Considerable detail was added to the model that was fashioned after the Underwood Model No. 5 manufactured about 110 years ago. The SketchUp model is not an exact copy of the original image shown in the June 10, 2021post, but shares a few external similarities.
Our old typewriter had a cast iron frame wiith mostly metal components. It weighed about 35 to 40 pounds. I don't want to tell you how old I am, but this was the typewriter I used when learning to type.
Next, to replicate the original black color more closely, GIMP > Colors > Hue-Chroma... > Lightness -36+- adjustments darkened the overall appearance shown in every other image. Some detail is lost; however the trade off is presenting a closer matching color with the original typewriter.
Lastly, In order to retain the light gray background for the black typewriters, in was necessary to select each table base in the image along with a portion of the gray typewriters that extending beyond the table top using the Free Select Tool in GIMP. The selection process allows only that portion of the image to be darkened using the settings explained in the previous paragraph. They are displayed first in the image set below.
Here is the link to the Antique Typewriter for Viewer (will open in your browser--not editable).
Also, Antique Typewriter (skp file) for download (Will open in SketchUp Make or later versions--Editable).
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Note: All models herein are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended for manufacturing or real-world application.
April 2, 2025 Wire Frame Eye Glasses -- SketchUp Make Model with Twilght Render Extension
Today's project was originally modeled on June 7, 2021 (New Google Sites 2021 Archive) on Home Page. Twilight Render was unknown to me at the time, so any artwork filters were applied with GIMP.
I've finally got around to finishing it. I thought this might be an opportunity to make some improvements. Nose pads were added to the eyeglasses in addition to rendering with Twlight Render Extension.
Additonal elements were added later for variety. A Coke can and a yearbook were drawn today. Ballpoint pens and a mug were imported from an earlier project (see SketchUp Projects II in Left sidebar--March 14, 2024). Finally, a wood-grained desktop replaced the blue base.
Here is the link to the Wire Frame Eye Glasses for Viewer (will open in your browser--not editable).
Also, Wire Frame Eye Glasses (skp file) for download (Will open in SketchUp Make or Later versions--Editable).
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Note: All models herein are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended for manufacturing or real-world application.
March 31, 2025 Incremental Scaling Conical Helixes -- SketchUp Make Model with Twilght Render Extension
Here is another review of conical helixes that was first presented on December 19 and 20, 2023--refer to SketchUp Projects II in left side bar for more information.
The images and links below show how the scaling tool can be used in the hidden line view to scale down a fat tubular coil as shown below. To make it smoother, I first welded the wire coil with the Smustard Weld Extension for SketchUp Make.
Scaling individual segments was done diagoinally using Ctrl-Scale (scale about center as determined by the helix coiled wire used during the follow me process for tube construction). A few flubs here and there required a bit of manual repair, however.
Towards the end of the selection process of each circumference to be scaled things became tight and invidual line segments had to be shift selected--one at a time (24 segments per circle). If you are using this procedure, I suggest you do not try building your first model with a 96 segment circular layout
Various colors and materials were applied when rendering with Twlight Render Extension. Also, two snippets of the layout are provided to show the incremental scaling progress at about 60 Percent complete and near the last segment. The remaining tail end was erased--I kept the project simplified by making the scaling increments .99, .98, .97 . . . until about .11 and then manually drew the point surfaces for the tip.
Other alternatives for avoiding congestion, which I have not tried, would be to first Cut obstacles in your path or otherwise interfering behind the area to be scaled to. Then, make the selection and scale down the selected segment circle. Finally, use Paste in Place to restore the portion that was cut (Note: only one cut at a time, or you'll lose part of the model). You could also insulate the portion that interferes with your desired selection by first grouping it and then explode it once the scaling has been completed. Either way, they would also be labor intensive--but a little less picky than selecting 24 individual line segments.
Remember, there is always Undo to rely on if you make a mistake. Patience is required for completing these manually drawn projects measured in hours, not minutes.
Link to the Incremental Scaling for Viewer (will open in your browser--not editable).
Also, Incremental Scaling (skp file) for download (Will open in SketchUp Make or Later versions--Editable).
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Note: All models herein are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended for manufacturing or real-world application.
March 28, 2025 Conical Helixes -- Metal Screws, SketchUp Make Model with Twilght Render Extension
Review projects, although nothing new, can be made challenging by varying the steps or experimenting by changing something mid way through the project. This was the case today that evolved as the project progressed.
The main purpose was to create a spiral or conical helix which was created from scratch using a technnique I'd seen demonstrated on YouTube a few years ago. Having completed this lengthy procedure, many times, I've been able to simplify the process compared to how it was orignally demonstrated (see SketchUp Viewer Link below).
After completig the conical helx, I brought in a similar sized section of cylindrical thread from an earlier project completed a couple of weeks ago (March 10, 2025). I fashioned a section of conical threads (5 revolutions) and applied it to the the length of thread.
The conical thread didn't match the cylindrical thread very well. It was necessary to squish (scale vertically) the conical thread until it approximated the cylindrical thread. Precision isn't as fussy as it would be for a screw thread on a bolt; however, I played around with it until it was close.
The most time consuming part of the project was adding geometry using the pencil tool that connected the conical thread to the cylindrical thread. A portion of the overlapping elements had to be erased before manual stitching could be completed. I try to avoid using the "nudge" method for alignment, but it came in handy near the end.
Better examples of similar projects can be seen in SketchUp Projects II (see Left Side Bar). Conical Spirals from 2023 were created about the same way as today's project but with more effort and planning: December 20, 19, 11, 10, 3, 5 and Aug 20, 19, 2023.
Link to the Metal Screws for SketchUp Viewer (will open in your browser--not editable).
Also, Metal Screws (skp file) for download (Will open in SketchUp Make or Later versions--Editable).
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Note: All models herein are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended for manufacturing or real-world application.
March 27, 2025 Quadruple Lead Screw Threads -- SketchUp Make Four Helix & Six Helix Methods
Today's Project includes two more ways to create Quadruple Lead Screw Threads. To speed things up a bit and lessen file size, I have used a 24-segment circle for both designs instead of 96.
Rather than using 16 helixes and stacked segments as shown yesterday, the same thing can be accomplished by using a single strand of threads spaced with four times the normal pitch value. Then, the open space in between the gapped initial thread design is filled in with three more strands that are each duplicated and rotated 90 Degrees into position (see images along with the models linked below).
Note, Quadruple color identification using the four helix and six helix designs varies in the root area due to how each are formed when scaled.
Here is the SketchUp Viewer Link to the Quadruple Lead Screw--Four and Six Helix Models (will open in your browser--not editable).
Download the SketchUp Make Version (Will open in SketchUp Make or Later versions--Editable).
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Note: All models herein are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended for manufacturing or real-world application.
March 26, 2025 Multiple Lead Screw Threads Revisited -- SketchUp Make and SketchUp Viewer, Twilight Render Extension
Nothing new today except providing an overiew of earlier projects from June 23, through July 3, 2023. The projects can be viewed by clicking on the left sidebar SketchUp Projects option (Oldest Projects). These projects were completed during this two-week period that focused on multiple lead screw threads designed with SketchUp Make. Several methods were incorporated in the models. The double-, triple-, and quadruple designs used a four-helix thread profile; however the triple runout design was constructed with individual thread segments rather than 12 coiled helixes (see images below).
Some images have colorized crests that illustrates each thread's path. The thread pitches are greater compared to a single lead thread That is why multiple lead screw threads are able to tighten or loosen 2x, 3x, and 4x faster, yet have an overall all thread count comparable to the single thread version. Think of a screw cap on a water, or soda bottle--for quick loosening and tighting.
There is no room for error in either construction method--helix-, or segmented method. Of the two, the helix method produces the smoothest thread providing the initial circular segment count is high--a 24 segment circle is not to very smooth while 96 is four times better. Using extremes like 360 or 720 segments to form a circle is asking for trouble--memory requirements and file size are greater and are more than likely overkill.
Here is the SketchUp Viewer Link to the Quadruple Lead Screw model that utilizes 16 helixes (not editable). Other links and images are available as described in paragraph 1.
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Note: All models herein are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended for manufacturing or real-world application.
March 10, 2025 Three-eighths Inch Thread 16 TPI -- SketchUp Make, Twilight Render Extension
In today's post a 3D screw thread model will be drawn and described in phases:
Phase I: Defining Dimensions, Selecting a Thread style, and designing the Thread Profile
UNC 3/8" round head, 16 TPI, Thread length 1" with no chamfered runout.
Scale: 4800 mm = 1" (Thread Profile will later Set the thread depth).
Thread Profile will be based on a UNC 5-helixthread design.
See images below and Model in Viewer Link or download.
Phase II: Creating a Helix and a Cylindrical Surface Based on the Defined Dimensions
See Model in Viewer Link below or download.
Phase III: Incorporating Merged Helix and Grouped Cylinder with Thread Profile
See images below and Model in Viewer Link or download.
Phase IV: Duplicating and Aligning Helixes on Cylinder.
See images below and Model in Viewer Link or download.
Phase V: Scaling/Deforming Root Areas between Helixes, whereafter: the Cylinder's Shape
Matches the Thread Profile. See images below and Model in Viewer Link
or download.
Phase VI: Creating the Slotted Round Head of the Screw
See images below and Model in Viewer Link or download.
Phase VII: Modifying Completed Model with Twilight Render Extension
See images below.
Round Head Screw for Viewer (Opens in your browser, uneditable).
Round Head Screw (Downloadable version that will open with SketchUp Make or later versions, editable.)
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Note: All models herein are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended for manufacturing or real-world application.
February 2, 2025 Dark Spiral Animation
Here is a list of applications used for todays project:
SketchUp--Make
SketchUp Free online (for SketchUp Viewer version)
Twilight Render Extension and Animation Editor (Hobby version)
VeeDub64 /(Virtual Dub64)
Movie Maker
Today's ainimation project is an update of a model created in 2014. The shiny white ball and reflective translucent blue coil have been rendered with Twilight Render Extension Animator Editor to replace the original model's dull appearance.
Glass and Shiny Plastic Materials were assigned to the original coiled tube and ball using Twilight Render Materials Editor. The rendering was created using Interior Studio Light Setting under a Spherical Sky and dark background. These options were assigned with Twilight Render's Environmental Editor.
The 5 second animation required about 15 minutes to render all 120 frames. SketchUp Scenes and Rendering Specifics: Rendered using Low +3 Quality @ 24 frames per second. A base frame must first be rendered separately and saved to an image set folder for reference purposes before sequentially numbered image frames can be rendered.
Other somewhat confusing settings for the five second video included a .1 second transition per scene (transitions enabled) with a 0 second delay was adjusted in SketchUp's Animation Settings and calculated as follows: [ 24 fps x 40 Scenes = 960 frames x .1 second transition enabled = 96 frames divided by .8 (4/5) = 120 frames. ] Simply put, 5 seconds , the intended video duration, is 1/8 of 40 seconds and 1/8 of 960 frames = 120 total frames to be rendered (see images below).
Extensive use of hide and unhide in the original design was used when creating every Scene. This technique is a simple but very labor intensive technique for simulating ball movement. The ball doesn't roll--it slides. However, a spectator perceives it as rolling because that is what a ball usually does as it winds its way downward inside a glass tube. (Adding ball rotation would have substaintially increased the complexity of the project.)
The meticulous project was drawn from scratch with each grouped ball positioned manually. Tedious Group Selects and Hide followed by Shift Select > Unhide the ball corresponding with the Current Scene > Update, Scenes, indidually, 1--40. Fortunately, this was done 11 years ago.
Images are provided below that illustrate some of the steps required in the original design. Today's updated rendering was explained in a few of last month's posts.
Spiral Animation for Viewer (Opens in your browser, uneditable). Sorry, no animated Scenes Available
Spiral Animation (Downloadable version that will open with SketchUp Make or later versions, editable. Contains 40 animated scenes.
Lastly Today's Dark Spiral Animation (Mp4 file) has been embedded below.
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Comments: There are better ways to complete animations. For a simple animation, the Hidden Scenes method seemed to be the most direct approach at the time without manipulating Layers.
January 29, 2025 SketchUp Projection Animation and Video--Ancient City
Here is a list of applications used for todays project:
Google ImageFX
SketchUp--Make
SketchUp Free online (for SketchUp Viewer version)
Twilight Render Extension and Animation Editor (Hobby version)
VeeDub64 /(Virtual Dub64)
Movie Maker
Google ImageFX was prompted to "create a photo realistic image of an abandoned ancient city deep in the jungle (35 mm film).
The image was imported into SketchUp Make as a "Texture" file and was then projected onto a concave surface. Nine scenes were created in SketchUp to make an animation and later used to create an image file that was rendered into an avi video--an intermediate step using VeeDub64 was used to convert the image file into the avi video file. (see Viewer file below for further details). Lastly, avi video was converted to an mp4 movie file.
The scene creation was made after the concave Image model was finished. Settings for the preliminary Scene creation phase in the SketchUp Make Animation were set for 2 seconds scene transitions with a 0 second delay between scenes.
The Image file consisted of 433 jpeg images rendered with Twilight Rendering Extension (base frame) and Twilight Rendering Extension Animation Editor option (remaining 432 images).
A base image with a Low 3+ Quality was first rendered prior to rendering 432 additional frames. Today's rendering time was relatively fast, taking only one-hour and three-minutes to complete (1 base frame + 9 scenes x 2 seconds duration x 24 frames per second = 433 total frames).
Movie Maker converted the avi file to mp4 and was also used to add a transition to hide a hiccup (several frames included out of bounds white space) near the center (where it had been edited) and for credits at the end.
Ancient City for Viewer (Opens in your browser, uneditable). Contains 9 Animated Scenes. Select Scenes > Play in Viewer's Options (Transitions Enabled, 2 seconds, with 0 second Delay).
Ancient City (Downloadable version that will open with SketchUp Make or later versions, editable.
Lastly Today's Ancient City Movie (Mp4 file) has been embedded below.
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Comments: I didn't realize it until the next day, that simply exporting the video using SketchUp Make's built-in export option would have created a superior movie without using Twilight Render Extension or the need for the 433 image set and the VeeDub64 conversion. Why? Because the original Ancient City image was already a rendered image to begin with.
Click here for the raw footage created with SketchUp Makes's Export > Animation > Video option: Ancient City v2 mp4 file (white space frame was corrected by adjusting and updating Scene 5 in the model). Render and export time was only 5 minutes for 24 fps, 433 frames rendered for the video.
January 26, 2025 SketchUp Settings--Precision Display
As a SketchUp User for 20+ years, there is always something new to replace what has been forgotten as time passes. Generally, lost knowledge can be recovered as long as the right questions are asked.
One thing that had evaded me over the years was the location of SketchUp's units precision settings. I always looked for the settings beneath the Tools > Preferences options but it was not there. During instructional classes early in my formal SketchUp training, I had actually accessed and adjusted the decimal precision settings. However, along with what seemed like 200 other details presented at the two-day workshop, many specifics had quickly slipped away.
While recently perusing SketchUp Make's Edit > Animation Settings, I investigated the long-ignored Units > Length Options--which registered a blank in terms of animation--and yes, THERE IT WAS. I had dreamed of being able to display tape measure and dimensional decimal fractions beyond 1 or 2 decimal places. For years I had incorrectly assumed that the options were only available in the full software edition. But, here was the option to set up to 0.000000 mm places of precision for display. In reality, nothing I require would need to be measured in microns; however, when alignments need to be exact, greater precision is better than not.
Generally, SketchUp takes care of the accuracy when the division option is used for dividing odd-sized lines and then followed by copying and pasting or moving the line segment needed into place. Actual inputting quotients containing decimal fractions into the input box is often unnecessary or unreliable if improperly handled.
When creating informational content, however, it is nice to be able to express a decimal fraction rounded to three decimal places, for example, especially when working with the metric system. It becomes somewhat more confusing when applying decimal values to feet and inches unless you've memorized your commonly used eighths, sixteenth's, and thirty-seconds, etc., decimal equivalents.
It had seemed unusual that the Units Menu items had shown up under the Animation options. There had to be more to the story. After Querying Google Labs | AI Overview about "the location of Units Precision Settings in SketchUp Make," AI Overview clearly indicated that they could be found under SketchUp Make > Windows > Model Info > Length > Units. Easy stuff, if you ask the right question.
The image below shows three SketchUp Guys undergoing various growth spurts. The Dimension Tool was used to measure their height to 6 decimal places of precision using a higher Units setting. For most intents and purposes leaving Units precision at a lower setting is easier to read on the computer screen or on a printout and provides an adequate approximation in relation to overall size, value, or scale.
Decimal fractions are good to display if their absence would otherwise be misleading. This is not the case here.
January 25, 2025 SketchUp Model Conversion to Video
Here is a list of the applications that were used in today's project:
SketchUp--Make
SketchUp Free online (for SketchUp Viewer version)
Twilight Render Extension and Animation Editor (Hobby version)
VeeDub64 /(Virtual Dub64)
Movie Maker
This project concludes the recent series of posts involving rendering animations using the Orbit and Pan tools. The camera used when adding/creating Scenes creates a walk-around effect and sense of motion. This technique involves moving the camera position (locations on the x, y, and z axis) for each scene while the objects remain in place.
Creating videos involving movement of model entities is a much more complicated undertaking. A few of my lame attempts at this (involving hiding and showing multiple layers of similar objects in slightly different positions for each scene) have been posted in past years that can be found in the archive pages and earlier SketchUp Projects sections. I'm waiting for AI to do animations of this type as well as morphing of SketchUp models. AI conversion will have to be user friendly and most importantly, free to try, however.
Today, some of the same problems experienced earlier this month persist, but to a lesser degree (see SketchUp Projects III). Rendering settings for the animation editor were set as follows: Twenty-four frames per second instead of twelve fps used in the earlier models; Render Quality was set at High 7+.
The SketchUp window dimensions were later widened to 1675 x 763 before rendering that reduced the vertical open space. These altered dimensions resulted in more close up scenes that weren't intended or realized at the time--but turned out okay.
Version 6 mp4 video was rendered from a much more detailed model that also included textured materials for the billiard table cloth and cushions instead of a named color for the cloth.
A combination of twice as many frames, more zoomed in frames, and use of textured materials substaintially lengthened the 721 frame processing time to 26 hours, 48 minutes, and 42 seconds to be exact. Since the aspect ratio of the SketchUp window was altered as an afterthought. that may have also contributed to the long wait. In comparision, image sets for projects from a few days ago ( See Projects III in the left sidebar) were rendered in about 3 to 6 hours.
Lastly, here are the links for today's project:
Carom Billiards Table v3a for Viewer (Opens in your browser, uneditable). Previously completed model from April 7, 2024. Updated with 15 Animated Scenes. Select Scenes > Play in Viewer's Options (Transitions Enabled, 2 seconds, with 0 second Delay).
Carom Billiards Table v3a (Downloadable version that will open with SketchUp Make or later versions, editable. Model used for rendering v6 and v7 mp4 videos.
A smaller screen display hides some of the flickering distractions caused by a less than perfect model design and/or incorrect rendering and video processing settings. Colored and Gray versions of today's video are embedded below:
Carom Billiards Table v6
Carom Billiards Table v7
January 22, 2025 Hex Bolt--Assembling Grouped Parts of a Bolt using SketchUp
Today's projects jumps forward in the bolt modelling project where the length of thread is connected to the rest of the bolt. Steps for creating the thread can be seen in previous posts in SketchUp Projects III. Today's thread represents a UNC 1" diameter bolt with 8 TPI. It was designed using the 5-helix process where the surface area defined by the thread root helixes is deformed/reshaped to match the thread profile.
The projects shows closeups and instructions for connecting/joining the upper portion of the bolt including the grouped shank, gutter clearance with a 30 degree flange that is aligned with the upper thread area (see closeup image below). Exact alignment, intersection, and trimming will create a realistic thread runout into the clearance. Less precise techniques will show the thread dissolving into a non-descript end pont or into the head of the bolt. Machined bolts typically have well defined thread runouts at both ends.
The assembly also shows the intersection of the thread runouts at the bottom ends of the bolt. The thread runout on the end of the bolt is not as fussy as aligning the upper thread area where the thread gradually disappears into the gutter/clearance. However. the 45 degrees grouped cone which is inserted into the threads must be slightly larger than the thread diameter so that intersection and trimming can be completed (see images below).
All alignments are dependent upon maintaining the center axis for vertical alignment, although when zoomed in very close, the move tool may be used to nudge a grouped entity sideways into exact alignment (see closeup image below).
More detail has been in included in this model when drawing the hexagonal head of the bolt. The six corners have been rounded to make them somewhat closer to the real thing; but the bolt's head is still lacking subtle chamfer details regarding eliminating sharp edges and right-angles. Most of my previous bolt heads would be considerred knuckle busters and would not fit socket wrenches.
Rather than repeatedly drawing geometry for all six rounded corners, it was easier to group one corner's triangular surfaces and then duplicate and rotate 60 degrees with a multiple of x5. That is, 60 x 6 corners = 360 degrees (see image below).
Lastly, here are the links for today's project:
Hex Bolts for Viewer (Opens in your browser, uneditable).
Hex Bolts (Downloadable version that will open with SketchUp Make or later versions, editable.
Note: All models herein are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended for manufacturing or real-world application.
January 18, 2025 Welcome to SketchUp Projects IV
SketchUp Projects IV contains the most recent posts beginning January 18, 2025 . . .