Embedded Files
Lesson 8
Natural Law- The unchanging set of rules that govern human behavior
Lesson 7
Charter– a legal written document from a government giving certain rights to people. Committee – A group of people appointed to serve a specific function.
Correspondence – a form of communication through the exchange of letters
Committee of Correspondence – their mission was to make sure that each colony knew the events and opinions of the other colonies.
Daughters of Liberty –an organization formed by women prior to the Revolution. They helped make the boycott effective by making their own goods
First Continental Congress – a convention of representatives from the thirteen colonies except for Georgia met on September 5, 1774, in Philadelphia, PA
Second Continental Congress – a convention of delegates from the twelve colonies (except Georgia) that started meeting on May 10, 1775, in Philadelphia, PA, soon after the American Revolution had begun.
Sons of Liberty –an organization created in 1765 to express opposition to the Stamp Act
Writ –is a written order issued by a court.
Writs of assistance –Documents giving a governmental authority the power to search and seize property.
Boycott- is to not use or buy a product or service in order to show support for a cause.
Congress -A formal assembly of representatives responsible for making laws
Continentals - Of or relating to the American colonies during and immediately after the American Revolution.
French and Indian War - a war between the French and British, involving Native Americans on both sides in the North American Continent -1754-1763
Lesson 6
Magna Carta - The Great Charter which granted civil rights and liberties to the nobility.
Common law - Laws which are based upon tradition, or previous judicial decisions.
Rule of law -The idea that the government, as well as the governed, are subject to the law.
Parliament -The legislative branch of the British government – created in 1258; a bicameral, two chamber, legislature: 1. House of Lords – represented the nobility
2. House of commons – represented the common people who owned land
Congress - The legislative branch of the US government – created in 1774(1787); a bicameral, two chamber, legislature: 1. Senate (2 per state) 2. House of Representatives (based on population size)
Feudalism - A system of social, economic, and political organization based on a series of contracts and the control of land; In a Feudal system there are 3 classes:
Royalty: the monarch and family
Nobility: titled, wealthy “landowners”
Common people: the rest of the people
Petition of Right -(1628) a statute that limited the English monarch’s power to tax people without the consent of Parliament and guaranteed certain rights to English subjects.
Rights of Englishmen – Basic legal claims established over time, that all subject of the English monarch were understood to have.
English Bill of Rights -(1689) An act passé in Parliament that limited the power of the monarch. This document established Parliament as the most powerful branch of the English government.
Vassal – a holder of land on conditions of allegiance to a Lord or King.
Serf- an agricultural laborer bound under the feudal system to work on his lord's estate.
Fief - an estate of land, especially one held on condition of feudal service.
Lesson 5
Lesson 5 terms
Bill - A proposed law.
Branch – a major part of government
Check- an examination to test accuracy, quality, or satisfactory condition.
Checks and balances- The distribution and balancing of power among the different branches of government so that no one branch can dominate the others.
Executive branch – enforces or carries out the laws made by the legislative branch.
Human nature- the general psychological characteristics, feelings, and behavioral traits of humankind, regarded as shared by all humans.
Legislative branch – makes laws.
Judicial branch- interprets and applies the laws and settles disputes.
Separation of powers- The division of powers among the different branches of government.
Lesson 4
Higher law- A set of laws that establish and limit the power of government
Private domain - The part of a person’s life which is not the business of government.
Autocratic government - A government with unlimited power.
Dictatorial government- A government with unlimited power.
Constitution - A set of customs, rules, and laws that set forth the way a government is organized and operated.
Constitutional government - A government with limited power.
Dictator- A ruler with total power over a country.
Limits- Restrictions or boundaries on governmental power.
Monarchy - A single ruler such as a king or queen.
Domain - An area of territory
Totalitarian government - the state involves itself in all facets of society, including the daily life of its citizens. It has unlimited power.
Private domain - The part of a person’s life which is not the business of government.
Totalitarian government - the state involves itself in all facets of society, including the daily life of its citizens. It has unlimited power.
Monarchy - A single ruler such as a king or queen.
Dictator- A ruler with total power over a country.
Constitution - A set of customs, rules, and laws that set forth the way a government is organized and operated.
Constitutional government - A government with limited power.
12 Angry Men
12 Angry Men
Act 3
Attorney-a person appointed to act for another in business or legal matters.
Stenographer-a person whose job is to transcribe speech in shorthand, court reporter reporter
Intimidate-frighten or overawe (someone), especially in order to make them do what one wants.
conceivable -capable of being imagined or grasped mentally.
Reflectively- Characterized by or given to serious thinking or contemplation; thoughtful
Hung Jury -slang term for a hopelessly deadlocked jury in a criminal case, in which a decision on guilt or innocence cannot be made. Usually it means there is no unanimous verdict
Act 2
Sadist -a person who derives pleasure from inflicting pain or humiliation on others.
Blunder-a stupid or careless mistake.
Sheepishly-in an embarrassed manner due to shame or a lack of self-confidence.
Insignificant- too small or unimportant to be worth consideration.
Technicality -a point of law or a small detail of a set of rules
Ensuing -occurring afterward or as a result.
Discrepancy -a lack of compatibility or similarity between two or more facts.
ACT 1
Dissenting -to hold or express opinions from those previously, commonly or officially held
el – a train of the same design as a subway train that runs on tracks elevated a few stories above street level.
Impartial – fair minded, free from prejudice or bias
VERDICT – the decision of guilty or not guilty by the jury
PREMEDITATED – to think or plan out what you are going to do before you do it
Juror -a person taking an oath to listen to evidence in a court
proposition – a deal; bargain
bickering – arguing
Homicide – murder
unanimous -complete agreement with no one dissenting
retire – to leave the open court to go to a private room
refugee –a person who flees one country and seeks safety somewhere else
belligerently – in a hostile or angry manner
mugging – a physical attack to take money or goods from another person
flimsy – weak and thin
monopoly – the exclusive ownership of a business
calculus – a complicated mathematical process
switch knife – more commonly referred to as switchblade, one whose spring-loaded blade is concealed inside the body of the knife
breeding ground – a place that feeds and nourishes the growth of what is born there
belligerently – in a hostile or angry manner
refugee –a person who flees one country and seeks safety somewhere else
el – a train of the same design as a subway train that runs on tracks elevated a few stories above street level.
bickering – arguing
proposition – a deal; bargain
Impartial – fair minded, free from prejudice or bias
dissenting – hold or express opinions that are different from those previously, commonly, or officially expressed
Unanimous: complete agreement with no one dissenting
Verdict- a decision a disputed issue in a civil or criminal case
Reasonable doubt – if a jury, after hearing the evidence finds it believable that the person isn’t guilty or that someone else could have done it – they should vote not guilty
Deliberate – to discuss something carefully and consider all information before deciding
Perjury - To lie under oath
Defense: the side in the court case that is trying to keep the person accused of a crime from being found guilty, they believe the evidence shows that the person is NOT guilty
Prosecution: the side in the court case that is accusing someone of a crime, they want the person to be found guilty because they believe the evidence proves he/she is guilty
Jury - a body of people (typically twelve in number) sworn to give a verdict in a legal case on the basis of evidence submitted to them in court.
Lesson 5
Lesson 5
Government – The people and institutions with the authority to make and enforce laws, and manage disputes about laws
dispute -disagreement, argument, or debate
subject –under the rule of a monarch
Self-sufficient –to be able to provide for one’s own needs.
League - a collection of people, countries, or groups that combine for a particular purpose, typically mutual protection or cooperation
State -a nation or territory considered as an organized political community under one government.
Founders –political leaders of the 13 colonies
Diversity - having many differences
Indentured servants- Men and women who sold their labor in exchange for the cost of the trip from Europe to the colonies.
Mercantilism- belief in the benefits of profitable trading; Governments sought to ensure that exports exceeded imports and to accumulate wealth in the form of bullion.
Charter-a grant of rights, powers, or privileges from an authority or agency of a state or country.
Colony - an area under the full or partial political control of another country.
Lesson 4
Lesson 4
10th Amendment- The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people.
9th Amendment-The enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people.
8th Amendment- Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted.
7th Amendment -In suits at common law, where the value in controversy shall exceed twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be preserved, and no fact tried by a jury, shall be otherwise reexamined in any court of the United States, than according to the rules of the common law.
6th Amendment-In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the State and district wherein the crime shall have been committed, which district shall have been previously ascertained by law, and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation; to be confronted with the witnesses against him; to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor, and to have the Assistance of Counsel for his defense.
5th Amendment- No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the Militia, when in actual service in time of War or public danger; nor shall any person be subject for the same offence to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation.
4th Amendment -The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized.
3rd Amendment -No Soldier shall, in time of peace be quartered in any house, without the consent of the Owner, nor in time of war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law.
2nd Amendment -A well-regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed.
1st Amendment - Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the government for a redress of grievances.
Lesson 3
Lesson 3
Country-a nation or territory considered as an organized political community under one government.
State-a nation or territory considered as an organized political community under one government.
Colony - an area under the full or partial political control of another country,
Nation -A Large body of people united by common descent, history, culture and occupy a country.
State-a nation or territory considered as an organized political community under one government.
Colony - an area under the full or partial political control of another country,
Nation -A Large body of people united by common descent, history, culture and occupy a country.
philospher -a person who seeks wisdom or enlightenment : scholar, thinker.
Treatise- a written work dealing formally and systematically with a subject:
John Locke – A well known 17th century English Philosopher (1632-1704) who influenced our Founders’ ideas of government.
Natural rights - Life, liberty, property
State of nature- A situation in which there is no government or laws
Consent –to agree, accept or approve something.
Social Contract-an agreement among people to set up a government and obey laws in exchange for protection
Purpose of government -To protect the rights of citizens
Lesson 2
Lesson 2
Elect - choose someone to hold public office
Republic - A government in which the people elect representatives to run the government for the common good
Representative democracy - A government in which the people elect representatives to run the government for the common good
Republican government - A government in which the people elect representatives to run the government for the common good
Direct democracy - A government in which the people themselves vote on all government matters
Lesson 1
Lesson 1
Patriot- a person who vigorously supports their country and is prepared to defend it against enemies.
Subject- beneath the rule of a king or queen
Citizen-a legally recognized member of a nation-state, either native or naturalized.
Civics - the branch of social studies that involves the rights and responsibilities of citizenship
Amendment- a change or addition designed to improve piece of legislation (law)
Constitution- a set of customs, rules and laws that set forth the way the government is organized and operates
Judicial branch - (US Supreme Court) interprets, reviews and manages disputes over law
Executive branch - (president) enforces laws
Legislative branch - (Congress) makes laws
Flex day vocab:
Miranda rights -
You Have the Right to Remain Silent. Silence cannot be used against defendants in court. ...
Anything You Say can Be Used Against You in a Court of Law. All suspects have the right to remain silent. ...
You Have the Right to Have an Attorney Present. ...
If You Cannot Afford an Attorney, One Will Be Appointed to You.
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