Gmail: SareGoodwin
EDUCATION AND EMPLOYMENT:
Assessment Scientist, Duolingo, 2021 – present.
Postdoctoral Research Associate; Early Language and Literacy Investigations Laboratory, Human Development and Family Studies; Michigan State University, 2017 – 2021.
Ph.D., Applied Linguistics; Georgia State University, 2016.
M.A., Applied Linguistics; Georgia State University, 2012.
Research Technician; Testing and Certification Division, English Language Institute; University of Michigan.
B.A., Linguistics; Minor in Spanish Language, Literature, and Culture; University of Michigan.
RESEARCH:
Refereed Publications
Runge, A., Goodwin, S., Attali, Y., Poe, M., Mulcaire, P., Lo, K.-L., & LaFlair, G. T. (2025). A multi-stage interactive writing task for the assessment of English language writing proficiency. Language Testing, 42(4). https://doi.org/10.1177/02655322251349908
Cardwell, R., Naismith, B., Burstein, J., Nydick, S. W., Goodwin, S., & Verardi, A. (2024). From pen to pixel: Rethinking English language proficiency admissions assessments in the digital era. CALICO Journal, 41(2), 209-234. https://journal.equinoxpub.com/Calico/article/view/27104/29591
Attali, Y., Runge, A., LaFlair, G. T., Yancey, K., Goodwin, S., Park, Y., & von Davier, A. A. (2022). The Interactive Reading task: Transformer-based automatic item generation. Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence: Natural Language Processing. https://frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frai.2022.903077/abstract
Skibbe, L. E., Bowles, R. P., Goodwin, S., Troia, G. A., & Konishi, H. (2020). The Access to Literacy Assessment System for Phonological Awareness (PA): An adaptive measure of PA appropriate for children with speech and/or language impairment. Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools, 51(4), 1124-1138. https://doi.org/10.1044/2020_LSHSS-19-00006
Goodwin, S. (2016). A many-facet Rasch analysis comparing essay rater behavior on an academic English reading/writing test used for two purposes. Assessing Writing, 30, 21-31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.asw.2016.07.004
Papageorgiou, S., Stevens, R. & Goodwin, S. (2012). The relative difficulty of dialogic and monologic input in a second-language listening comprehension test. Language Assessment Quarterly, 9(4), 375-397. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15434303.2012.721425
Chapters in Edited Volumes
Goodwin, S. (2018). Large-scale writing assessment. In J. I. Liontas (Ed.), The TESOL Encyclopedia of English Language Teaching. Wiley Blackwell. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/9781118784235.eelt0542/abstract
Weigle, S. C., & Goodwin, S. (2016). Applications of corpus linguistics in language assessment. In D. Tsagari & J. Banerjee (Eds.), Contemporary Second Language Assessment (pp. 209‐223). Bloomsbury Academic. http://www.bloomsbury.com/us/contemporary-second-language-assessment-9780567147066/
Refereed Paper Presentations
Goodwin, S. (2025, April). Theme-based follow-up prompting for automatically-managed interactive essay writing assessment. Paper presented at the 2025 National Council on Measurement in Education, Denver, Colorado, US.
Goodwin, S., Runge, A., Attali, Y., Poe, M., Mulcaire, P., Lo, K.-L., & LaFlair, G. T. (2025, March). Encouraging elaboration in high-stakes writing assessment: A process-oriented multi-stage task. Paper presented at the 2025 American Association for Applied Linguistics Conference, Denver, Colorado, US.
Goodwin, S. (2024, April). An NLP-powered sentiment analysis of writers' composing processes. Paper presented at the 2024 Language Assessment Research Conference, Provo, Utah, US.
Goodwin, S. (2023, November). Measuring second language reading assessment processes via user experience. Demonstration presented at the Association for Language Testing and Assessment of Australia and New Zealand, online.
Goodwin, S., Bilsky, L., Mulcaire, P., & Settles, B. (2023, April). Machine learning applications to develop tests in multiple languages simultaneously and at scale. Paper presented at the Association of Language Testers in Europe 8th International Conference, Madrid, Spain.
Goodwin, S., LaFlair, G. T., Lockwood, J. R., Nydick, S. W., & von Davier, A. A. (2023, March). Finding time in language assessments: Maximizing measurement properties by unit of testing time. Paper presented at the 2023 American Association for Applied Linguistics Conference, Portland, Oregon, US.
LaFlair, G. T., Attali, Y., Runge, A., Yancey, K. P., Goodwin, S., Park, Y., & von Davier, A. A. (2023, March). Human-in-the-loop automated item creation for complex items in language assessments. Paper presented at the 2023 American Association for Applied Linguistics Conference, Portland, Oregon, US.
Blickem, C., Holden, J., Goodwin, S., & LaFlair, G. T. (2022, November). Shaping the future of digital testing. Virtual presentation for the Te Puna Aurei LearnFest 22 Higher Education Symposium; University of Waikato, New Zealand; Cardiff University, Wales.
LaFlair, G. T., Yancey, K. P., Attali, Y., Bilsky, L., Burstein, J., Goodwin, S., Liu, J., Runge, A., & von Davier, A. A. (2022, March). Can a chatbot help measure interactional competence in L2 English language assessment? Paper presented at the 2022 American Association for Applied Linguistics Conference, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, US.
LaFlair, G. T., Attali, Y., Goodwin, S., & Runge, A. (2022, March). Register-driven text creation for high-stakes language assessments. Paper presented at the 43rd Language Testing Research Colloquium, online.
Keffala, B., Scarpino, S. E., Goodwin, S., Hammer, C. S., Vail, C., & Bowles, R. (2021, November). Relationships between home language and literacy environment, socioeconomic status and DLL preschoolers’ phonological awareness skills. Paper presented at the Annual Convention of the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, Washington, District of Columbia, US.
Chandler, M. C., McRoy, K. Z., Goodwin, S., Bowles, R. P., Bingham, G. E., Gerde, H. K., & Pontifex, M. B. (2020, May). Preschoolers’ self-regulation, fine motor skills, and performance on a standardized literacy assessment. Proposal accepted to Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 52(7S), 617 (Conference canceled). doi: 10.1249/01.mss.0000680992.56494.c6
Skibbe, L. E., Bowles, R. P., Goodwin, S., Konishi, H., & Troia, G. A. (2019, February). Development of the Access to Literacy Assessment System for Phonological Awareness. Paper presented at the Pacific Coast Research Conference, San Diego, California, US.
Goodwin, S. (2016, October). Examinee self-pacing of audio in an ESL listening assessment. Paper presented at the 2016 East Coast Organization of Language Testers Conference, Washington, District of Columbia, US.
Goodwin, S. (2016, April). Examinee locus of control in second language listening assessment tasks. Paper presented at the 2016 American Association for Applied Linguistics Conference, Orlando, Florida, US.
Goodwin, S. (2015, October). A comparison of two examinee groups' responses to academic ESL listening test items. Paper presented at the Second Language Research Forum 2015, Atlanta, Georgia, US.
Goodwin, S. (2015, March). ESL examinee perceptions of and strategies for comprehending self-controlled, computer-delivered aural and visual listening stimuli. Paper presented at the 2015 American Association for Applied Linguistics Conference, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Goodwin, S. (2014, October). Differences in lexical sophistication of retesters on an academic English proficiency exam. Paper presented at the Second Language Research Forum 2014, Columbia, South Carolina, US.
Goodwin, S. (2014, October). A multi-facet Rasch analysis comparing essay rater behavior on a test used for two purposes. Paper presented at the 2014 Midwest Association of Language Testers Conference, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, US.
Awarded "Best Student Presentation" at the 2014 Midwest Association of Language Testers Conference.
Goodwin, S. (2014, March). Functions of multi-word constructions in a timed university-level ESL writing assessment. Paper presented at the 2014 American Association for Applied Linguistics Conference, Portland, Oregon, US.
Goodwin, S. (2013, November). Examinee perceptions of dialogic and monologic listening assessment tasks. Paper presented at the Second Language Research Forum 2013, Provo, Utah, US.
Goodwin, S. (2013, September). Michigan's K-12 assessment reading genre expectations: A critical overview. Paper presented at the 2013 Midwest Association of Language Testers Conference, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, US.
Goodwin, S., & Crossley, S. (2012, October). Predicting ESL examinee writing scores using the Academic Formula List. Paper presented at the Second Language Research Forum 2012, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, US.
Goodwin, S., Crossley, S., & Guo, L. (2012, September). Predicting writing quality in examinee writing using the Academic Formulas List. Paper presented at the 2012 Technology for Second Language Learning Conference, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, US.
Refereed Poster Presentations
Goodwin, S., & Naismith, B. (2024, June). Covering the EAP listening construct: A multimodal dialogue assessment task. Poster presented at the 20th European Association for Language Testing and Assessment (EALTA) Conference, Belfast, Northern Ireland.
Goodwin, S., Kang, O., Attali, Y., LaFlair, G. T., Naismith, B., Park, Y., & Runge, A. (2024, March). Exploring efficient listening-speaking task types in a high-stakes English assessment. Poster presented at the 2024 American Association for Applied Linguistics Conference, Houston, Texas, US.
Skibbe, L. E., Bowles, R. P., Goodwin, S., & Troia, G. A. (2020, December). ATLAS-PA: An adaptive measure of phonological awareness for children with speech and/or language impairment. Poster presented at the National Research Conference on Early Childhood, Washington, District of Columbia, US.
Keffala, B., Scarpino, S. E., Hammer, C. S., Goodwin, S., Bowles, R. P., & Hokenson, J. (2020, November). Proposal Number 13053: Spanish-English DLLs' vocabulary abilities and performance on the Bilingual Assessment of Phonological Sensitivity (BAPS). Proposal accepted at the Annual Convention of the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (Convention canceled).
Scarpino, S. E., Keffala, B., Hammer, C. S., Goodwin, S., Bowles, R. P., & Hokenson, J. (2020, November). Proposal Number 13083: Influence of home literacy environment on DLL preschoolers' phonological awareness. Proposal accepted at the Annual Convention of the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (Convention canceled).
Eppinger, N., Goodwin, S., & Skibbe, L. E. (2020, June). Using eye tracking for an assessment of English phonological awareness for children with speech production difficulties. Proposal accepted at the National Research Conference on Early Childhood (Conference canceled).
Skibbe, L. E., Bowles, R. P., Goodwin, S., & Troia, G., (2020, June). ATLAS-PA: An adaptive measure of phonological awareness for children with speech and/or language impairment. Proposal accepted at the National Research Conference on Early Childhood (Conference canceled).
Bowles, R. P., Goodwin, S., Skibbe, L. E., & Troia, G. A. (2020, February). Comparability of interpretational cutoffs across assessments of phonological awareness. Poster presented at the Pacific Coast Research Conference, San Diego, California, US.
Skibbe, L. E., Bowles, R. P., Goodwin, S., & Troia, G. A. (2020, January). The Access to Literacy Assessment System for Phonological Awareness (PA): An adaptive measure of PA appropriate for children with speech and/or language impairment. Poster presented at the Annual Meeting for the Institute of Education Sciences, Washington, District of Columbia, US.
Goodwin, S., Skibbe, L. E., Troia, G. A., & Bowles, R. P. (2019, March). An item-level examination of monolingual and multilingual children's English phonological awareness. Poster presented at the 2019 Biennial Meeting of the Society for Research in Child Development, Baltimore, Maryland, US.
Scarpino, S. E., Goodwin, S., Hammer, C. S., Keffala, B., Bowles, R. P., & Hokenson, J. (2019, March). Relations between Spanish-English DLLs’ performance on the Bilingual Assessment of Phonological Sensitivity (BAPS) and vocabulary. Poster presented at the 2019 Biennial Meeting of the Society for Research in Child Development, Baltimore, Maryland, US.
Hammer, C. S., Scarpino, S. E., Keffala, B., Hokenson, J., Goodwin, S., & Bowles, R. P. (2018, November). Bilingual Assessment of Phonological Sensitivity: Test design and initial findings. Poster presented at the 2018 American Speech-Language-Hearing Association Convention, Boston, Massachusetts, US.
Hammer, C. S., Scarpino, S. E., Keffala, B., Goodwin, S., Bowles, R. P., & Hokenson, J. (2018, June). Bilingual Assessment of Phonological Sensitivity: Test design and initial findings. Poster presented at the 2018 Administration for Children and Families (ACF) National Research Conference on Early Childhood, Arlington, Virginia, US.
Bowles, R. P., Skibbe, L. E., Troia, G. A., Goodwin, S., & Konishi, H. (2018, April). IPAAR [Inventory of Phonological Awareness using Alternative Responses]: An adaptive test of phonological awareness for children with speech production difficulties. Poster presented at the Cerebral Palsy Research Consortium of Michigan, East Lansing, Michigan, US.
Goodwin, S. (2012, March). Examinees' perceptions of a test of ESL reading and writing. Poster presented at the 2012 American Association for Applied Linguistics Conference, Boston, Massachusetts, US.
Refereed Workshops and Seminars
Scarpino, S. E., Hammer, C. S., Keffala, B., Goodwin, S., & Bowles, R. P., (2019, November). Supporting Spanish-English Bilingual Children’s Phonological Awareness Skills. Seminar presented at the 2019 American Speech-Language-Hearing Association Convention, Orlando, Florida, US.
Fleurquin, F., & Goodwin, S. (2007, March). Developing and critiquing authentic ESL/EFL tests. Workshop presented at the 2007 Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages Convention, Seattle, Washington, US.
TEACHING:
(Instructor of record, unless otherwise listed)
Michigan State University
· Qualitative Research Methods, for graduate students in Human Development and Family Studies (Fall 2019)
Georgia State University
· Introduction to Linguistics for undergraduate students (Spring 2016)
· Academic ESL Listening / Speaking for Graduate Students (Fall 2015, Spring 2015, Fall 2014)
· English Composition II for undergraduate students, section for bilingual and non-native English writers (Fall 2013, Fall 2012)
· Level 2 (of 5) Oral Communication for pre-university Intensive English Program students, high-beginner / low-intermediate (Spring 2012)
Assisted the instructor of record for:
· Introduction to Linguistics for Master’s students in Education, online section co-taught with Dr. Sara Cushing Weigle (Spring 2014)
SERVICE:
· Manuscript Reviewer:
British Journal of Educational Psychology
English for Specific Purposes
Georgia Teachers of English to Speakers of Other Languages (GATESOL) Journal
Journal of Experimental Psychology: General
Language Assessment Quarterly
Language Testing
Psychological Assessment
· Mentor for Michigan State University undergraduate students presenting research posters:
University Undergraduate Research and Arts Forum (UURAF) Spring 2021, 2019, and 2018; 10 students
Mid-Michigan Symposium for Undergraduate Research Experiences (Mid-SURE) Summer 2019; 2 students
· Conference organizing and program booklet formatting responsibilities for:
Midwest Association of Language Testers (MwALT) 2024 Conference, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, US
Second Language Research Forum (SLRF) 2015, Atlanta, Georgia, US
Midwest Association of Language Testers (MwALT) 2007 Conference, Ann Arbor, Michigan, US
· Statistics Workshop Facilitator, R Ladies East Lansing, in 2019
· Outreach Committee Member, Michigan State University Postdoctoral Association, 2018-2021