Curriculum Vitae

PERSONAL

Name: Rodney Douglas Fort

Addresses:

(Home)


208 W. Cooper St.

Colfax, WA 99111

Cell:  (509) 595-0016

rodfort01@gmail.com

EDUCATION

B.S., Utah State University, Logan, Utah, 1978; environmental studies.

M.S., Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, 1980; applied economics.

    Thesis: "Determinants of Community Support for Rural Hospitals: Evidence from Voting on Hospital Referenda." June, 1980.

Ph.D., California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, 1985; social science.

    Dissertation: "Theory and Practice in the Analysis of Commodity Futures Price Distributions." June, 1985.

EXPERIENCE

Professor Emeritus of Sport Management, University of Michigan, Fall 2022-present.

Associate Dean for Faculty Affairs and Graduate Programs, School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Summer 2010-Summer 2012.

Graduate Program Committee Chair, School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Summer 2009-Summer 2010.

Professor of Sport Management, University of Michigan, Fall 2007-Winter 2022.

Professor of Economics, Washington State University, Fall 1997-Spring 2007.

Associate Professor of Economics, Washington State University, Fall 1990-Spring 1997.

Research Fellow, Washington State Institute for Public Policy, The Evergreen State College, Summer 1991.

Assistant Professor of Economics, Washington State University, Fall 1984-Spring 1989.

RESEARCH: 

7 books, 77 refereed journal articles, and 65 other publications

Google Scholar: January 25, 2023. Citations: 6,401. h-index: 37. i10-index: 69.

Books

7.   Fort, Rodney D.  2018.  Sports Economics Version 1.0; iBooks and Kindle  (Previous editions 1- 3, PrenticeHall).

6.    Lee, Young Hoon, and Fort, Rodney.  2015.  The Sports Business in the Pacific Rim.  (Springer Verlag).  385 pages.

5.    Fort, Rodney, and Winfree, Jason.  2013.  15 Sports Myths and Why They're Wrong.  (Stanford University Press). 299 pages.

4.    Fort, Rodney, and Fizel, John. (eds.).  2004.  International Sports Economics Comparisons ( Praeger).  383 pages.

3.    Fizel, John, and Fort, Rodney. (eds.).  2004.  Economics of College Sports (Praeger).  262 pages.

2.    Quirk, James, and Fort, Rodney D.  1999.  Hardball:  The Abuse of Power in Pro Team Sports (Princeton University Press).  233 pages.

    [Reprint excerpt:  Scott R. Rosner and Kenneth L. Shropshire (eds.).  2011. The Business of Sports 2 ed. (Jones and Bartlett Publishers), pp. 8-11.]

1.    Quirk, James, and Fort, Rodney D.  1992.  Pay Dirt:  The Business of Professional Team Sports (Princeton University Press; Soft Cover 1997).  538 pages.

    [Reprint excerpt:  Scott R. Rosner and Kenneth L. Shropshire (eds.).  2011. The Business of Sports 2 ed. (Boston, MA:  Jones and Bartlett Publishers), pp. 338-341; Reprint excerpt: Frank Ackerman, Neva R. Goodwin, Laurie Dougherty, and Kevin Gallagher (eds.)/ 2000. The Political Economy of Inequality (Volume 51 in the series Frontiers in Economic Thought) (Covelo, CA: Island Press), pp. 91-95.]

Journal Articles and Other Publications:  77 refereed journal articles (R) and 66 other publications.

Journal Publication List

77 refereed journal articles (R) and 66 other publications

143.  Fort, Rodney. 2024. "Stop. Wasting College Sports Finance Data." Sportico.com, February 28. Last viewed February 29, 2024 at https://www.sportico.com/leagues/college-sports/2024/college-sports-mfrs-reports-financial-data-1234768199/.

142.  Fort, Rodney. Pending. "James Patrick Quirk: An Academic Obituary." Journal of Sports Economics. Online First, December 19, 2023. 10.1177/15270025221120589.

141.  Lee, Young Hoon, and Fort, Rodney. 2023. "Division Play and Outcome Uncertainty in Sports Leagues." Journal of Sports Economics. 24(5):639-663. Online First, January 17, 2023. 10.1177/15270025221148995. (R)

140.  Mills, Brian, and Fort, Rodney. 2023. "Performance Quality Preference Heterogeneity in Major League Baseball." Journal of Sports Economics. 24(3), 352-373. Online First, September 7, 2022. 10.1177.15270025221123318. (R)

139. Agha, Nola; Baade, Robert; Berri, David; Blair, Roger; Brook, Stacey; Brown, Robert; Coates, Dennis; Depken II, Craig; Fort, Rodney; Goff, Brian; Humphreys, Brad; Kahane, Leo; Krautmann, Anthony; Maxcy, Joel; Sanderson, Allen; Sauer, Raymond; Solow, John; Szymanski, Stefan; Winfree, Jason; and Zimbalist, Andrew. 2022. On Petition for a Writ of Certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit, Brief of Amici Curiae Sports Economists in Support of Petitioner. Supreme Court of the United States. Case No. 21-1243. April 13.

138.  Fort, Rodney. 2022. "College Sports Governance: 'Amateurism' Enforcement in Big Time College Sports." Economics of Governance. 23: 303-322. October 26, 2022. 10.1007/s10101-022-00279w. (R).

137.  Fort, Rodney. 2022. "Economical Sports Economics Classroom Activities." In Aju Fenn and Victor Matheson (eds.) Teaching Sports Economics. Northampton, MA:  Edward Elgar Publishing, Inc., pp. 241-251.

136.  Fort, Rodney. 2022. "Rottenberg at Sixty-Five: In Honor of the 20th Anniversary of the Journal of Sports Economics." Journal of Sports Economics. 3(6): 808-825. April 11, 2022. 10.1177/15270025221091548. (R)

135.  Johnson, Sidney, and Fort, Rodney. 2022. "Match Outcome Uncertainty and Sports Fan Demand: An Agnostic Review and the Standard Economic Theory of Sports Leagues." International Journal of Empirical Economics. 1(2): 2250007 (35 pages). Online Ready, July 28, 2022. 10.1142/S281094302250007X. (R)

134.  Agha, Nola; Baade, Rob; Berri, David; Blair, Roger; Brook, Stacey; Brown, Robert; Coates, Dennis; Depken, Craig, II; Fizel, John; Fort, Rodney; Goff, Brian; Harris, Jill; Humphreys, Brad; Jewell, R. Todd; Krautmann, Anthony; Matheson, Victor; Maxcy, Joel; Sanderson, Allen; Sauer, Raymond; Siegfried, John; Szymanski, Stefan; Winfree, Jason. 2021. Amicus Curiae Brief of Economists in Support of Petitioner and In Re; National Collegiate Athletic Association v. Shawne Alston, et al., American Athletic Conference, et al., v. Shawne Alston, et al. Supreme Court of the United States. Case Nos. 20-512, 20-520. March 10.

133.    Fort, Rodney. 2021. "Introduction to the Economics of Major League Baseball." In Robert Butler (ed.) Advances in Sports Economics. Newcastle, UK: Agenda Publishing, pp. 29-49.

132.   Fort, Rodney. 2021. "Myles Brand and the Financial Sustainability of the FBS." Journal of Intercollegiate Sport. 14(3): 147-168. November 23, 2021. 10.17161/jis.v14i3.15639. (R)

131.    Fort, Rodney. 2021. "Sports Economics at Sixty-Five: One American’s Perspective." In Ruud H. Koning and Stefan Kesenne (Eds.),  A Modern Guide to Sports Economics. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar Publishing, Ltd., pp. 5-20.

130.    Fort, Rodney, and Lee, Young Hoon. 2020. "Transition to An Unbalanced Sports League Schedule: Adding the Analysis of Outcome Uncertainty." Applied Economics. 52:5629-5639. First published online, July 7, 2020. 10.1080/00036846.2020.1770191. (R)

129.    Comanor, William S.; Depken II, Craig A.; Economides, Nicholas; Fort, Rodney; Harrison, Jeffrey L.; Kirkwood, John B.; Lande, Robert H.; McClavbe, James T.; Noll, Roger; Sagers, Christopher L. 2019. Brief of Amici Curiae Economists and Professors in Support of Plaintiffs-Appellees and In Re: Karen Stromberg, et all., v. Qualcomm Incorporated. United States Court of appeals for the Ninth Circuit. Case No. 19-15159. August 10.

128.    Fort, Rodney. 2019. "Differencias Entre El Deporte Europeo Y El Norteamericano (?): Una Mirada Retrospectiva." Papeles de Economia Española (Spanish Economic Papers). (No. 9):61-89. (R)

[Simultaneous English reprint. Fort, Rodney. 2019. "European and North American Sports Differences (?): A Retrospective." In Jaume Garcia (ed.). Sports (and) Economics. FUNCAS Social and Economic Studies, 7 (Madrid: FUNCAS), pp. 105-122.]

127.    Fort, Rodney. 2019. "Objective Functions in Team Sports: A Retrospective." In Paul Downward, Bernd Frick, Brad R. Humphreys, Tim Pawlowski, Jane Ruseski, and Brian Soebbing (eds.) The SAGE Handbook of Sports Economics. London, UK: Sage Publications, Ltd., pp. 125-134.

126.    Fort, Rodney; Lee, Young Hoon; and Oh, Taeyeon. 2019. "Quantile Insights on Market Structure and Worker Salaries: The Case of Major League Baseball." Journal of Sports Economics. 20(No. 8, December):1066-1087. First published online, May 30, 2019. 10.1177/1527002519851152. (R)

125.    Jang, Hayley; Lee, Young Hoon; and Fort, Rodney. 2019. "Winning in Professional Team Sports: Historical Moments." Economic Inquiry. 57(No. 1, January), 103-120. First published online, August 6, 2018. 10.1111/ecin.12702. (R)

124.    Baade, Robert; Berri, David; Coates, Dennis; Depken, Craig A., II; Fort, Rodney; Horowitz, Ira; Kahane, Leo; Blair, Roger; Sanderson, Allen; Siegfried, John; Zimbalist, Andrew. 2018. Brief of Amici Curiae Economists in Support of Plaintiffs-Appellants and In Support of Reversal. In Re National Football League's "Sunday Ticket Antitrust Litigation. United States Court of appeals for the Ninth Circuit. Case No. 17-56119. January 18.

123.    Fort, Rodney. 2018. "Modeling Competitive Imbalance and Self-Regulation in College Sports." Review of Industrial Organization. 52(No. 1), 231-251. First published online, October 15, 2017. 10.1007/s11151-017-9591-y.  (R)

122.    Fort, Rodney.  2018.  "Reorganization Challenges Facing Korean Baseball."  In Dae Hee Kwak, Yong Jae Ko, Inkyu Kang, and Mark Rosentraub (eds.) Sport in Korea: History, Development, Management (London, UK: Routledge), pp. 193-209.

121.    Mills, Brian, and Fort, Rodney. 2018.  "Team-Level Time Series Analysis in MLB, the NBA, and the NHL:  Attendance and Outcome Uncertainty." Journal of Sports Economics. 19(No. 7, October):911-933. First published March 30, 2017. 10.1177/152700251769078. (R)

120.   Fort, Rodney. 2017.  "College Sports Competitive Balance 'Beliefs' and the Rule of Reason:  Applied Theory and a Literature Review."  Antitrust Bulletin.  62(No. 1, March):15-30.  (R)

119.   Fort, Rodney.  2017.  "Pro Sports League Antitrust 'Beliefs':  Applied Theory and the Rule of Reason." Managerial & Decision Economics. 38(No. 5), 655-663. First published online, June 15, 2016.  DOI: 10.1002/mde.2791. (R)

118.   Salaga, Steven, and Fort, Rodney. 2017.  "Structural Change in Competitive Balance in Big Time College Football."  Review of Industrial Organization.  50(No. 1), 27-41. First published online, May 18, 2016. DOI 10.1007/s11151-016-9526-z. (R)

117.   Fort, Rodney.  2016.  "College Sports Spending Decisions and the Academic Mission."  In Eddie Comeaux (ed.) Introduction to Intercollegiate Athletics (Baltimore, Maryland:  Johns Hopkins University Press), pp. 135-146.

116.   Fort, Rodney.  2016.  "Collegiate Athletic Spending:  Principals and Agents v. Arms Race."  Journal of Amateur Sport.  2(No. 1):119-140.  (R)

115.   Fort, Rodney, Maxcy, Joel, and Diehl, Mark. 2016.   "Uncertainty by Regulation:  Rottenberg's Invariance Principle."  Research in Economics 70(No. 3 September):454-467. Online First: June 21, 2016.  DOI:10.1016/j.rie.2016.06.004. (R)

114.   Lee, Young Hoon, Jang, Hayley, and Fort, Rodney. 2016.  "Just Looking for a Good Game:  Competitive Balance in the Korean Professional Baseball League."  Applied Economics. 48(Issue 33):3104-3115.  First published online, January 22, 2016.  DOI: 10.1080/00036846.2015.1136393.  (R)

113.    Fort, Rodney. 2015.  "Fort and Quirk:  A Look Back and A Look Forward."  In George B. Cunningham, Janet S. Fink, and Alison J. Doherty (eds.) Routledge Handbook of Theory in Sport Management (London, UK:  Routledge), pp. 384-391.

112.    Fort, Rodney.  2015.  "Managerial Objectives:  A Retrospective on Utility Maximization in Pro Team Sports."  Scottish Journal of Political Economy 62(No. 1 February):75-89.  Online First:  January 13, 2015.  DOI:  10.1111/sjpe.12061.  (R)

111.    Fort, Rodney.  2015.  "NCAA Antitrust Exemption?  A 'Back to Basics' View."  Journal of Business and Securities Law 16(No. 1 Fall).  (R)

110.    Fort, Rodney; Kang, Joon-Ho; and Lee, Young Hoon.  2015.  "KBO and International Sports League Comparisons."  In Young Hoon Lee and Rodney Fort (eds.) The Sports Business in the Pacific Rim (New York, New York:  Springer Verlag), pp. 175-194.

109.    Horn, Brady P., Cantor, Michael, and Fort, Rodney. 2015.  "Proximity and Voting for Professional Sports Stadiums:  The Pattern of Support for the Seahawk Stadium Referendum."  Contemporary Economic Policy 33(No. 4 October):678-688.  Online First:  May 28, 2015.  DOI: 10.1111/coep.12108.  (R)

108.    Horn, Brady P., and Fort, Rodney. 2015.  "Referenda, Sports, and Entertainment Management."  Sport & Entertainment Review 1(No. 3 October):  83-90.  (R)

107.    Zheng, Fang, and Fort, Rodney.  2015.  "Attendance and Balance in the Chinese Basketball Association."  In Young Hoon Lee and Rodney Fort (eds.) The Sports Business in the Pacific Rim (New York, New York:  Springer Verlag), pp. 123-138.

106.    Baade, Robert; Coates, Dennis; Fort, Rodney; Ira Horowitz; Humphreys, Brad; Sanderson, Allen; Siegfried, John J.; Zimbalist, Andrew.  2014.  Reply Comments of Sports Fans Coalition, Inc. In the Matter of Sports Blackout Rules. MB Docket No. 12-3. Federal Communications Commission. Washington D.C. March 25.

105.    Baade, Robert; Coates, Dennis; Fort, Rodney; Ira Horowitz; Humphreys, Brad; Sanderson, Allen; Siegfried, John J.; Zimbalist, Andrew.  2014.  Response of Sports Economists on Declaration of Hal J. Singer. In the Matter of Petition for Rulemaking to Eliminate the Sports Blackout Rule. MB Docket No. 12-3. Federal Communications Commission. Washington D.C. February 20.

104.    Mills, Brian, and Fort, Rodney. 2014.  "League Level Attendance and Outcome Uncertainty in U.S. Pro Sports Leagues."  Economic Inquiry 52(No. 1 January):205-218. Online First: October 18, 2013. DOI:10.1111/ecin.12037. (R)

103.    Fort, Rodney, and Lee, Young Hoon. 2013.  "Major League Baseball Attendance Time Series:  League Policy Lessons."  In Placido Rodriguez, Stefan Kesenne, and Jaume Garcia (eds.) The Econometrics of Sports (Cheltenham:  Edward Elgar). Pp. 35-49.

102.    Fort, Rodney, and Winfree, Jason.  2013.  "How The Arguments Against NCAA Pay-for-Play Come Up Short."  Deadspin.com.  December 12.  http://deadspin.com/why-the-arguments-against-ncaa-pay-for-play-suck-1481854847.

101.    Winfree, Jason, and Fort, Rodney.  2013.  "Reply to Szymanski's 'Some Observations on Winfree and Fort 'Nash Conjectures and Talent Supply in Sports League Modeling: A Comment on Current Modeling Disagreements.'" Journal of Sports Economics 14(No. 3 June):327-329.  Online First: April 16, 2012. DOI:  10.1177/1527002512439883. (R)

100.    Winfree, Jason, and Fort, Rodney.  2013.  "Two Sports Myths and Why they're Wrong." Stanford Brief (Imprint of Stanford University Press:  Stanford, California).  44 pages.

99.   Baade, Robert; Coates, Dennis; Fort, Rodney; Ira Horowitz; Humphreys, Brad; Noll, Roger G.; Sanderson, Allen; Siegfried, John J.; Zimbalist, Andrew.  2012. Comments of Sports Economists on the FCC's Sports Blackout Rules. In the Matter of Petition for Rulemaking to Eliminate the Sports Blackout Rule. MB Docket No. 12-3. Federal Communications Commission. Washington D.C. February 20.

98.    Broglio, Steven, and Fort, Rodney. 2012.  "Concussions and Concussion Management in the NFL:  Pathophysiology and Economics." Florida International University Law Review 8:31-48.  (R)

97.    Fort, Rodney. 2012.  "Big-Time Sports in American Universities by Charles T. Clotfelter: A Book Review." Journal of Sports Economics 14(No. 1 February):106-110.

96.    Fort, Rodney.  2012.  "Competitive Balance in the National Football League."  In Kevin Quinn (ed.) Economics of the National Football League:  The State of the Art (New York: Springer). Pp. 207-224.

95.    Fort, Rodney.  2012.  "Major League Baseball Is Just Like McDonald's?  Lessons from Unrecognized Rival Leagues."  In Stephen Shmanske and Leo Kahane (eds.) The Oxford Handbook of Sports Economics Volume 2: Economics Through Sports (New York, New York: Oxford University Press. Pp. 227-246.

94.    Lee, Young Hoon, and Fort, Rodney. 2012.  "Competitive Balance:  Time Series Lessons from the English Premiere League." Scottish Journal of Political Economy 59(No. 3 July):266-282. (R)

93.    Winfree, Jason, and Fort, Rodney. 2012.  "Nash Conjectures and Talent Supply in Sports League Modeling: A Comment on Current Modeling Disagreements."  Journal of Sports Economics 13(No. 3 June):306-313. OnLine First: May 16, 2011. DOI: 10.1177/1527002511401412. (R).

92.    Dietl, Helmut, Fort, Rodney, and Lang, Markus.  2011.  "International Sports League Comparisons."  In Leigh Robinson, Packianathan Chelladurai, Guillaume Bodet, and Paul Downward (eds.) Routledge Handbook of Sport Management (New York, NY: Routledge). Pp. 388-404.

91.    Fort, Rodney, and Quirk, James. 2011.  "Optimal Competitive Balance in A Season Ticket League."  Economic Inquiry. 49(No. 2 April):464-473. Early View: February 25, 2010. DOI:  10.1111/j.1465-7295.2010.00264. (R)

90.    Coulson, N. Edward, and Fort, Rodney. 2010  "Tax Policy and the Value of Pro Sports Team Ownership."  Contemporary Economic Policy  28(No.4 October):464-473.  (R)

[Reprint excerpt:  Scott R. Rosner and Kenneth L. Shropshire (eds.).  2011. The Business of Sports 2 ed. (Boston, MA:  Jones and Bartlett Publishers), pp. 42-47.]

89.    Fort, Rodney.  2010.  "An Economic Look at the Sustainability of FBS Athletic Departments."  Journal of Intercollegiate Sport 3(Issue 1 June):3-21.  (R)

88.    Fort, Rodney.  2010.  "Economics of College Sports:  A Reading List."  Journal of Intercollegiate Sports 3(Issue 1 June):151-162. (R)

87.    Fort, Rodney.  2010.  "Observation, Replication, and Measurement in Sports Economics."  Journal of Sports Economics 11(No. 1 February):3-16.  (R)

86.    Baade, Robert; Berri, David; Bresnahan, Timothy; Coates, Dennis; Depken, Craig II; Fort, Rodney; Horowitz, Ira; Humphreys, Brad; Kahn, Lawrence; Kahane, Leo Kesenne, Stefan; Noll, Roger; Quirk, James; Sanderson, Allen; Schmidt, Martin; Siegfried, John; Solow, John; Szymanski, Stefan; White, Lawrence; Zimbalist, Andrew. 2009. Amicus Curiae Brief of Economists in Support of Petitioner. American Needle, Inc. (Petitioner) v. National Football League, et. al. (Respondent). Supreme Court of the United States. Case No. 08-661. September 24.

85.    Fort, Rodney, and Quirk, James. 2010.  "Optimal Competitive Balance in Single-Game Ticket Sports Leagues."  Journal of Sports Economics11(December):587-601.  Online First: March 12, 2010.:  DOI: 10.1177/1527002509359906. (R)

84.    Fort, Rodney, and Winfree, Jason.  2009.  "Sports Really Are Different:  The Contest Success Function and the Supply of Talent."  Review of Industrial Organization 34(No. 1 February):69-80.  (R)

83.    Fort, Rodney.  2008.  "U.S. Sports Leagues through the Economic Crystal Ball."  In Dennis Howard and Brad Humphreys (eds.) The Business of Sports, Vol. 1 (Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers), pp. 187-224.

82.    Fort, Rodney; Lee, Young Hoon; and Berri, David.  2008.  "Race, Technical Efficiency, and Retention:  The Case of NBA Coaches."  International Journal of Sport Finance 3(No. 2 May):84-97 (oversized).  (R)

81.    Lee, Young Hoon, and Fort, Rodney.  2008.  "Attendance and the Uncertainty-of-Outcome Hypothesis in Baseball."  Review of Industrial Organization 33(No. 4 December):281-295.  (R)

80.    Winfree, Jason A., and Fort, Rodney.  2008.  "Fan Substitution and the 2004-05 NHL Lock Out."  Journal of Sports Economics 9(No. 4 August):425-434.  (R)

79.    Fort, Rodney.  2007.  "Antitrust and the Sports Industry."  In Victor J. Tremblay and Carol Horton Tremblay (eds.) Industry and Firm Studies (Armonk, N.Y.:  M.E. Sharpe, Inc.), pp. 245-266.

78.    Fort, Rodney.  2007.  "Comments on 'Measuring Parity.'"  Journal of Sports Economics 8(No. 6 December):642-651.  (R)

77.    Fort, Rodney.  2007.  "Reply to 'The Paradox of Inelastic Pricing.'"  Managerial and Decision Economics 28(No. 2 March):159-160.  (R)

76.    Fort, Rodney, and Lee, Young Hoon.  2007.  "Structural Change, Competitive Balance, and the Rest of the Major Leagues."  Economic Inquiry 45(No. 3 July):519-532.  (R)

75.    Fort, Rodney, and Quirk, James.  2007.  "Rational Expectations and Pro Sports Leagues."  Scottish Journal of Political Economy 54(No. 3 July):374-387.  (R)

74.    Winfree, Jason A.; McCluskey, Jill J., and Fort, Rodney.  2007.  "Transactions Cost Variation and Vertical Integration:  Major League Baseball's Minor League Affiliates."  In Milena Parent and Trevor Slack (eds.) International Perspectives on the Management of Sport (Burlington, MA:  Elsevier Academic Press), pp. 173-189.

73.    Fort, Rodney.  2006.  "Inelastic Pricing at the Gate?  A Survey."  In Wladimir Andreff and Stefan Szymanski (eds.) Handbook on the Economics of Sport (Cheltenham, UK:  Edward Elgar Publishing, Inc.), pp. 700-708.

72.    Fort, Rodney.  2006.  "Competitive Balance in North American Professional Sports."  In John Fizel (ed.) Handbook of Sports Economics Research (Armonk, N.Y.:  M.E. Sharpe, Inc.), pp. 190-206.

71.    Fort, Rodney.  2006.  "Talent Market Models in North American and World Leagues."  In Placido Rodriguez, Stefan Kesenne, and Jaume Garcia (eds.) Sports Economics after Fifty Years:  Essays in Honour of Simon Rottenberg (Oviedo, Spain:  Oviedo University Press), pp. 83-106.

70.    Fort, Rodney.  2006.  " The Value of Major League Baseball Ownership."  International Journal of Sport Finance 1(No. 1 February):3-8 (oversize).  (R)

[Reprint excerpt:  Scott R. Rosner and Kenneth L. Shropshire (eds.).  2011. The Business of Sports 2 ed. (Boston, MA:  Jones and Bartlett Publishers), pp. 18-25.]

69.    Fort, Rodney.  2006.  "What's Right and Wrong with MLB?" in Maury Brown (ed.), "32 Voices on the State of the Game."  BizOfBaseball.com; December 15, 2006.

68.    Fort, Rodney, and Lee, Young Hoon.  2006.  "Stationarity and Major League Baseball Attendance Analysis."    Journal of Sports Economics 7(No. 4 November):408-415.  (R)

67.    Fort, Rodney.  2005.  "The Golden Anniversary of 'The Baseball Players' Labor Market.'"  Journal of Sports Economics 6(No. 4 November):347-358.  (R)

66.    Fort, Rodney.  2005. The NZRU Premiere Division Salary Cap. In Commerce Act 1986:  Restrictive Trade Practices Section 58 Notice Seeking Authorization The New Zealand Rugby Football Union Incorporated, The Registrar, Business Acquisitions and Authorizations, Commerce Commission, November 9, 2005, pp. 122-159.

65.    Lee, Young Hoon, and Fort, Rodney.  2005.  "Structural Change in Baseball’s Competitive Balance:  The Great Depression, Team Location, and Racial Integration."  Economic Inquiry 43(No. 1 January):158-169.  (R)

64.    Fort, Rodney.  2004.  "Dueling Answers?  No, Different Questions."  Street & Smith's Sports Business Journal, December 20, p. 26.

63.    Fort, Rodney.  2004.  "Economics of College Sports:  An Overview."  In John Fizel and Rodney Fort (eds.) Economics of College Sports (Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers), pp. 3-8.

62.    Fort, Rodney.  2004.  "Inelastic Sports Pricing."  Managerial and Decision Economics 25(No. 2 March):87-94.  (R)

61.    Fort, Rodney.  2004.  "Subsidies As Incentive Mechanisms in Sports." Managerial and Decision Economics 25(No. 2 March):95-102.  (R)

60.    Fort, Rodney.  2004.  "Toto Salarial no Futebol."  (Salary Caps and Soccer).  Esportebizz, April, 2004.  (Portugese)

59.    Fort, Rodney, and Quirk, James.  2004.  "Owner Objectives and Competitive Balance." Journal of Sports Economics 5(No. 1 February):30-42.  (R)

[Reprint: Vladimir Andreff (ed.).  2011.  Recent Developments in the Economics of Sport Volume 1 (Northampton, MA:  Edward Elgar Publishing, Inc.)]

58.    Winfree, Jason A.; McCluskey, Jill J.; Mittelhammer, Ron C.; Fort, Rodney.  2004.  "Location and Attendance in Major League Baseball."  Applied Economics 36(No. 19 October 20): 2117-2124.  (R)

57. Fort, Rodney.  2003.  "The Economics of Football by Stephen Dobson and John Goddard."  Review of Industrial Organization 22(No. 2 March):175-177.

56. Fort, Rodney.  2003.  "Sports Stadium Subsidies Strike Out."  The Free Lance-Star, March 2, 2003, pp. D1, D3, Fredericksburg, VA.

55. Fort, Rodney.  2003.  "Thinking (Some More) about Competitive Balance." Journal of Sports Economics 4(No.4 November):280-283.  (R)

54. Fort, Rodney, and Maxcy, Joel.  2003.  "Comment:  'Competitive Balance in Sports Leagues:  An Introduction.'” Journal of Sports Economics 4(No. 2 May 2003):154-160. (R)

53. Fort, Rodney.  2002.  "The American Sports Experience."  In Jörg Heydel and Heinz-Dieter Horch (eds.) Finanzierung des Sports:  Beitrage des 2. Kolner Sportokonomie-Kongresses, Edition Sportökonomie & Sportmanagement Band-Nr. 2 (Aachen, Germany:  Meyer & Meyer Verlag), pp. 10-19.

52. Fort, Rodney.  2002.  "Fair Ball- A Fan's Case for Baseball by Bob Costas: A Book Review."  Journal of Sports Economics 3(No. 1 February):97-99.

51. Maxcy, Joel G.; Fort, Rodney D.; and Krautmann, Anthony C.    2002.  "The Effectiveness of Incentive Mechanisms in Major League Baseball." Journal of Sports Economics 3(No. 3 August):246-255.  (R)

50. Utt, Joshua, and Fort, Rodney.  2002.  "Pitfalls to Measuring Competitive Balance with Gini Coefficients."  Journal of Sports Economics 3(No. 4 November):367-373.  (R)

49. Fort, Rodney.  2001. Revenue Disparity and Competitive Balance in Major League Baseball. In Baseball's revenue gap : pennant for sale? : Hearing before the Subcommittee on Antitrust, Business Rights, and Competition of the Committee on the Judiciary, United States Senate, 106th Congress, 2nd Session, November 21, 2000. 2001, pp. 42-52.

48. Fort, Rodney, and Maxcy, Joel.  2001.  "The Demise of African American Baseball Leagues: A Rival League Explanation."  Journal of Sports Economics 2(No.1 February):35-49. (R) [Larger original paper on file at the Baseball Hall of Fame, Canton, Ohio: 

47. Fort, Rodney.  2000.  "Antitrust in Pro Sports."  In Paul D. Staudohar (ed.) Diamond Mines: Baseball and Labor (Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press), pp. 109-121.

46. Fort, Rodney.  2000.  "European and North American Sports Differences (?)"  Scottish Journal of Political Economy 47(No. 4 September):431-455. (R)

45. Fort, Rodney.  2000.  "Market Power in Pro Sports."   In William Kern (ed.) The Economics of Sports (Kalamazoo, MI: W.E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research), pp. 7-20.

44. Fort, Rodney.  2000.  "Stadiums and Public and Private Interests in Seattle."  Marquette Sports Law Journal 10(No. 2 Spring):311-334.  (R)

43. Fort, Rodney, and Gill, Andrew.  2000.  "Race and Ethnicity Assessment in Baseball Card Markets."  Journal of Sports Economics 1(No.1 February):21-38. (R)

42. Fort, Rodney.  1999.  "Stadium Votes, Market Power, and Politics."  University of Toledo Law Review 30(No. 3: Spring):419-441.  (R)

41. Fort, Rodney.  1999.  "The U.S. Pro Sports Scene."  In Stephan Kesenne and Claude Jeanrenaud (eds.) Competition Policy in Professional Sport: Europe after the Bosman Case (Antwerp: Standaard Uitgeverij), pp. 45-58.

40. Fort, Rodney, and Quirk, James.  1999.  "The College Football Industry."  In John Fizel, Elizabeth Gustafson and Lawrence Hadley (eds.) Sports Economics: Current Research (Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers), pp. 11-26.

39. Fort, Rodney, and Rosenman, Robert.  1999.  "Streak Management."  In John Fizel, Elizabeth Gustafson and Lawrence Hadley (eds.) Sports Economics: Current Research (Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers), pp. 119-134.

38. Fort, Rodney, and Bunn, Douglas.  1998.  "Whether One Votes and How One Votes."  Public Choice, 95(Nos. 1-2 April):51-62. (R)

37. Fort, Rodney, and Rosenman, Robert.  1998.  "Winning and Managing for Streaks in Baseball."  American Statistical Association, 1998 Proceedings of the Section on Statistics in Sports (Alexandria, VA: American Statistical Association), pp. 11-15. (R)

36. Fort, Rodney.  1997.  "Direct Democracy and the Stadium Mess."  In Roger G. Noll and Andrew Zimbalist (eds.) Sports, Jobs, and Taxes: The Economic Impact of Sports Teams and Stadiums (Washington, D.C.: The Brookings Institution), pp. 146-177.

35.  Fort, Rodney.  1997.  "The Market Structure of Sports by Gerald Scully."  Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 550(March):198.

34. Fort, Rodney.  1997.  "The Stadium Mess."  In Daniel Marburger (ed.) Stee-rike Four: What's Wrong With The Business of Baseball (Westport, CT: Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc.), pp. 146-177.

33. Fort, Rodney, and Quirk, James.  1997.  "Introducing a Competitive Economic Environment into Professional Sports."  In Wallace Hendricks (ed.) Advances in the Economics of Sports, Volume 2 (Greenwich, CT: JAI Press), pp. 3-26.

32. Cardell, Scott; Fort, Rodney; Joerding, Wayne; Inaba, Fred; Lamoreaux, David; Rosenman, Robert; Stromsdorfer, Ernst W.; Bartlett, Robin.  1996.  "Laboratory-Based Experimental and Demonstration Initiatives in Teaching Undergraduate Economics."  American Economic Review Papers and Proceedings 86(No. 2 May):454-459. (R)

31. Fort, Rodney, and Quirk, James.  1996.  "Over-stated Exploitation: Monopsony versus Revenue Sharing in Sports Leagues."  In John Fizel, Elizabeth Gustafson and Lawrence Hadley (eds.) Baseball Economics: Current Issues (Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers), pp. 159-178.

30. Fort, Rodney.  1995.  "A Recursive Treatment of the Hurdles to Voting."  Public Choice 85(Nos. 1-2 October): 45-69. (R)

29. Fort, Rodney, and Quirk, James.  1995.  "Cross-Subsidization, Incentives, and Outcomes in Professional Team Sports Leagues."  Journal of Economic Literature XXXIII(September):1265-1299 . (R)

[Reprint:  Andrew Zimbalist (ed.).  2001.  The International Library of Critical Writings in Economics:  The Economics of Sport, Vol. 1 (Northampton, MA:  Edward Elgar Publishing, Inc.), pp. 117-151.] 

28. Fort, Rodney, and Rosenman, Robert.  1995.  "Rethinking the Value of Lost Health."  Journal of Legal Economics 5(No. 1 Spring/Summer):63-73. (R)

27. Stegner, Tesa, and Fort, Rodney.  1995.  "Congressional Dominance (?) in the Policy Process:  The Case of the U.S. Forest Service."   Social Science Quarterly 76(No. 4 December):839-852. (R)

26. Fort, Rodney.  1994.  "The Decline of Nuclear Power in the United States: Inherent v. Economic Anti-Nuclear Sentiment."  In Thomas Lowinger and George Hinman (eds.), Nuclear Power at the Crossroads: Challenges and Prospects for the Twenty-First Century (Boulder, CO: International Research Center for Energy and Economic Development), pp. 165-189.

25. Fort, Rodney, and Hallagan, William.  1994.  "Nuclear Power in the United States and Japan: Economic versus Political Explanations."  In Thomas Lowinger and George Hinman (eds.), Nuclear Power at the Crossroads: Challenges and Prospects for the Twenty-First Century (Boulder, CO: International Research Center for Energy and Economic Development), pp. 191-218.

24. Fort, Rodney; Rosenman, Robert; and Budd, William.  1994.  "The Facilitation of Nuclear Siting: Compensation Lessons from Japan."  In Thomas Lowinger and George Hinman (eds.), Nuclear Power at the Crossroads: Challenges and Prospects for the Twenty-First Century (Boulder, CO: International Research Center for Energy and Economic Development), pp. 151-164.

23. Fort, Rodney.  1993.  "Do Greedy Owners, Greedy Players Threaten The Future of Baseball?"  HillTopics, April-June, p. 7, Washington State University, Pullman, WA.

22. Fort, Rodney.  1993.  "Host Community Benefits."  In William Eblen and Ruth Eblen (eds.) The Encyclopedia of the Environment (Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin Co.). 4 pages.

21. Fort, Rodney; Hallagan, William; Morong, Cyril; and Stegner, Tesa.  1993.  "The Ideological Component of Senate Voting: Different Principles or Different Principals?"  Public Choice 76(Nos. 1-2 June):39-57. (R)

20. Fort, Rodney, and Rosenman, Robert.  1993.  "Another Look at the Study of Regulatory Forms and Outcomes."  Journal of Economic Education 24(No. 1 Winter):39-52. (R)

19. Fort, Rodney; Rosenman, Robert; and Budd, William.  1993.  "Prospect Costs and NIMBY."  Journal of Environmental Management 38(No. 3 July):185-200. (R)

18. Fort, Rodney, and Scarlett, Lynn.  1993.  "Too Little Too Late? Host-Community Benefits and Siting Solid Waste Facilities."  Policy Study No. 157, The Reason Foundation, Santa Monica, California, April. 34 pages.

17. Fort, Rodney.  1992.  "Commodity Futures."  In Peter Newman, Murray Milgate, and John Eatwell (eds.) The New Palgrave Dictionary of Money and Finance (London: The Macmillan Press Ltd.). 4 pages.

16. Fort, Rodney.  1992.  "A Pay and Performance Omnibus: Is the Field of Dreams Barren?"  In Paul Sommers (ed.), Diamonds are Forever:  The Business of Baseball (Washington, D.C.: The Brookings Institution), pp. 134-162.

15. Rosenman, Robert, and Fort, Rodney.  1992.  "The Correct Value of Social Security Contributions in Personal Injury and Wrongful Death Settlements."  Journal of Forensic Economics 5(No. 2 Spring/Summer):149-158. (R)

14. Budd, William; Fort, Rodney; Rosenman, Robert.  1990.  "Risk Externalities, Compensation, and Nuclear Siting in Japan."  The Environmental Professional 12(October):208-213. (R)

13. Fort, Rodney; Hinman, George; Rosenman, Robert; Wandschneider, Philip.  1990.  "Radon: Residential Attitudes toward the Risk."  Proceedings of the 1990 Summer Study on Energy Efficiency in Buildings (August 26-September 1), American Council for an Energy Efficient Economy, pp. 4.1-4.9. (R)

12. Rosenman, Robert, and Fort, Rodney.  1990.  "Hospital Planners Aren't Asking Right Questions."  Daily News, March 24, pp. 1C, 3C, Pullman, WA.

11. Fort, Rodney; Hallagan, William; and Rosenman, Robert.  1989.  "Market Power, Cost-Shifting, and the Provision of Medical Services in Spokane, Washington."  Proceedings of the 23rd Annual Pacific Northwest Regional Economic Conference, pp. 197-205.

10.   Fort, Rodney; Rosenman, Robert; and Budd, William.  1989.  "Address Problem At Its Source."  Ritzville Adams County Journal, August 31, pp. 2, 4.  Ritzville, WA.

9.   Fort, Rodney; Rosenman, Robert; and Budd, William.  1989.  "Real Cost of Hazardous Waste is Viewed."  The Outlook, September 6, pp. 2, 4.  Othello, WA.

8.   Fort, Rodney.  1988.  "The Median Voter, Setters, and Nonrepeated Construction Bond Issues." Public Choice 56(No. 3 March): 213-231. (R)

7.   Fort, Rodney, and Quirk, James.  1988.  "Normal Backwardation and the Inventory Effect."  Journal of Political Economy 96(No. 1 February): 81-99. (R)

6.   Rosenman, Robert; Fort, Rodney; and Budd, William.  1988.  "Evaluating Some 'Hidden' Costs of a High Level Nuclear Waste Repository."  AERE Newsletter 8(No. 1 June): 5-7.

5.   Rosenman, Robert, Fort, Rodney; and Budd, William.  1988.  "Perceptions, Fear and Economic Loss: An Application of Prospect Theory to Environmental Decision Making."  Policy Sciences 21(No. 4 December):327-350. (R)

4.   Fort, Rodney, and Hallagan, William.  1987.  "Who Bids the Most for Market Power?"  Economic Inquiry 25(No. 4 October): 671-680. (R)

3.   Fort, Rodney, and Christianson, Jon B.  1981.  "Determinants of Public Service Provision in Rural Communities: Evidence from Voting on Hospital Referenda."  American Journal of Agricultural Economics 63(No. 2 May): 228-236. (R)

2.   Baden, John; Simmons, Randy; and Fort, Rodney.  1980.  "Environmentalists and Self-Interest: How Pure Are Those Who Desire the Pristine?"  In John Baden (ed.), Earth Day Reconsidered (Washington, D.C.: The Heritage Foundation). 17 pages.

[Reprint versions:  Baden, John, and Fort, Rodney.  1980.  "The Federal Budget as a Common Pool Resource: The Development of a Predatory Bureaucracy."  In John Baden (ed.), Earth Day Reconsidered (Washington, D.C.: The Heritage Foundation), pp. 95-104.  Reprinted version:  Fort, Rodney, and Baden, John.  1981.  "The Federal Treasury as a Common Pool Resource and the Development of a Predatory Bureaucracy."  In John Baden and Richard Stroup (eds.), Bureaucracy vs. Environment, The Environmental Costs of Bureaucratic Governance (Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press), pp. 9-21.] 

External Grants/Contracts:  $579,381

7.     National Research Foundation (Korea), 2016 (Studies Informing Sustainable Growth of Korean Sports Industry) with Young Hoon Lee.  $298,038.  

6.    National Research Foundation (Korea), 2009 (Moving Korean Professional Sports Leagues Toward Profitability:  A Comparative Study in Korea and the U.S.) with Young Hoon Lee.  $124,000.

5.      Washington Institute for Mental Health Research and Training, 1992 (Benefit Cost Analysis of Crisis Respite Care at the Spokane Community Mental Health Center) with Robert Rosenman. $14,850.

4.      Washington Institute for Public Policy Studies, 1991 (Benefit Cost Analysis and The Community Protection Act). $15,252.

3.      Japan-U.S. Commission and the JEC Fund, 1988-9 (Risk and Safety in U.S. and Japanese Nuclear Power) with George Hinman and Thomas Lowinger. $100,000.

2.      Washington State Institute for Public Policy Studies, 1986 (Risk of Economic Loss Due to Failure or Perceived Failure of A High-Level Nuclear Waste Repository) with Robert Rosenman and William Budd. $5,000.

1.      Center for the Study of Futures Markets, 1984 (Commodity Futures Price Distributions and the Theory of Futures Trading). $4,000.

Internal Grants/Contracts:  $72,241

10.    University of Michigan Rackham Graduate School, Spring/Summer Research Program, 2011 (Competitive Balance Measures in College Sports).  $6,000.

9.      College of Business and Economics, Washington State University, 2004.  (Inventing Principles of Microeconomics exclusively for distance learning).  $5,000.

8.      College of Business and Economics, Washington State University, 2003.  (Innovative Teaching Grant:  Integrating sports business simulations into the classroom).  $5,000.

7.      Washington State University Office of the Technology Provost, 1997 (Virtual WSU for Economics Principles Classes) with Wayne Joerding and Robert Rosenman. $25,000.

6.      Washington State University College of Business and Economics, 1995 (Multimedia Development Summer Grant), with Wayne Joerding. $15,000.

5.      Washington State University Summer Session Office, 1994 (New Course: Sports in American Society). $1,834.

4.      Washington State University Washington State University Office of Grants and Research Development, 1990 (Collection and Analysis of Health Care Data for Spokane, WA). $3,000.

3.      Washington State University Office of Grants and Research Development, 1988 (The Theory of The Price of Storage, Continued). $7,241.

2.      Washington State University Office of Grants and Research Development, 1988 (Determinants of the Support for Nuclear Power in the U.S.). $3,000.

1.      Washington State University Office of Grants and Research Development, 1987 (The Theory of The Price of Storage). $3,000.

Keynotes/Invited Panelist/Invited Conference 

34.    Intercollegiate Athletics Finance. Invited Panelist. Intercollegiate Athletics Conference. Katz Law School- Center for Sports and Society. Pennsylvania State University, October 17, 2019.

33.    Antitrust in Sports. Invited Panelist. The Global Antitrust Economics Conference. Concurrence-Stern School of Business, New York University, May 31, 2019.

32.    "Modeling Self-Regulation in College Sports:  Assessing Competitive Balance Impacts."  Invited Conference. The NCAA Cartel Symposium.  Robert F. Lanzillotti Public Policy Research Center, University of Florida.  February 24, 2017.

31.    "Amateurism, Economics, Employment and Pay within Collegiate Athletics."  Panelist. The Changing Landscape of Collegiate Athletics: Legal and Business Issues.  National Sports Law Institute, Marquette University Law School, October 21, 2016.

30.    "The Future of Sports Economics." Keynote. 2nd Annual Sports Economics Summer Workshop.  University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.  July 23, 2016.

29.    "NCAA Antitrust Exemption?  A 'Back to Basics' Overview."  Panelist.  Pay for Play:  Unionization and the Business of the NCAA.  Michigan State University Law School, March 20, 2015.

28.    "What Can We Know about Athletic Department Revenues and Expenses?"  Panelist.  The Value of College Sport.  LSA Theme Semester Conference.  University of Michigan, November 14, 2014.

27.    "Observations of an Old(er) Brand New Professor of Sport Management."  Keynote. 26th Stanley Lecture, College of Health & Human Performance, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, March 23, 2011.

26.    "Sustainability of FBS Football Programs." Invited Conference. Ross School of Business/Phi Chi Theta 7th Annual Economic Symposium, Sports and the Economy. Conference. University of Michigan. November 14, 2011.

25.    "Major League Baseball Attendance Time Series: League Policy Lessons." Invited Conference. VI Congresso Economia del Deporte, "Sports and Econometrics." Laboral. Paraninfo Faculdad de Comercio, Turismo y Ciencias Sociales Jovellanos, Oviedo University, Gijon, Spain, May 6-7 2011.

24.    "Where Is the Arms Race? A Principal-Agent Perspective on Collegiate Sports Spending." Panelist. The Increasing Regulation of Sports in a Declining Economic Environment. National Sports Law Institute, Marquette University Law School, October 22, 2010.

23.    "An Economic Look at the Sustainability of FBS Athletic Departments."  Keynote.  Scholarly Colloquium on College Sports, Annual Convention of the NCAA, Atlanta, January 12, 2010.

 "Tradeoffs and Professional Sports Subsidies."  Smith Center for Private Enterprise Studies, California State University, East Bay, Hayward, California, April 23, 2008.

22.    "Baseball Economics."  Roundtable.  BizOfBaseball.com; May 3, 2007.

21.    "The Evolving Face of Sports Economics."  Invited Conference. Conference in Honor of the Retirement of Roger Noll, Stanford Institute for Policy Research, Stanford University, May 19-20, 2006.

20.    "Sporting Choices-- Is Investing in Sports A Good Bet?"  Panelist.  CityClub of Seattle Forum, Seattle, Washington, June 22, 2006.

19.    "Talent Market Models in North American and World Leagues."  Invited Conference. I Congresso Economia del Deporte, Sports Economics after Fifty Years:  Conference in Honour of Simon Rottenberg, Oviedo University, Gijon, Spain, April 28-29, 2006.

18.     "How I Teach Sports Economics."  Invited Conference. An Inside Look At Economics Conference, Pearson/Prentice Hall Publishers, Fullerton, California, November 4, 2005.

17.    "Face Off:  2004 Hockey Negotiations."  Panelist.  Canadian Broadcasting Corporation, Hockey Night in Canada, Hosted by Ron MacLean.  90 minute Canada/U.S. Broadcast from the NHL All-Star Game in St. Paul, MN, February 7, 2004.

16.    "The Value of MLB Ownership."  Keynote. Olympia Economists Club, Olympia, Washington, December 9, 2004.

15.    "The Value of MLB Ownership."  Keynote. Seattle Economists Club, Seattle, Washington, December 9, 2004.

14.    "Competitive Balance."  Panelist.  Invited Conference. Baseball Economics Conference, Vanderbilt University College of Arts and Science, Vanderbilt University Law School and the Owen Graduate School of Management, February 21, 2003.

13.    "Lessons from the U.S. Sports Experience."  Invited Conference.  First Brazilian Sports and Marketing Conference, Rio De Janeiro, November, 2003.

12.    "Contraction and Competitive Balance in Major League Baseball."  Keynote.  Third Annual Economics of Sports Conference, Fox School of Business and Management, Temple University, February 27, 2002.

11.    "Revenue Sharing in Baseball."  Invited Conference. The Economics of Baseball Forum, The Weidenbaum Center, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, May 29, 2001.

10.    "Cash and Competition: The Economics of Sport."  Panelist.  Education for Public Inquiry and International Citizenship (EPIIC), Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, February 9-13, 2000.

9.    "Revenue Disparity and Competitive Balance in Major League Baseball."  Panelist.  Hearing before the Subcommittee on Antitrust, Business Rights, and Competition of the Committee on the Judiciary, United States Senate, 106th Congress, 2nd Session, November 21, 2000.

8.    "Market Power in Pro Sports and What To Do About It."  Panelist.  Pro Team Sports:  Are Politics and Corruption Winning?  The Independent Institute, Oakland, California, March 7, 2000.

7.    "The North American Pro Sports Experience: A Preview for Europe?"  Keynote.   Second Sports Economics Congress (Financing Sport), Institute for Sports Economics and Business and Sports Management, The German Sports Academy, Cologne, Germany, November 30, 2000.

6.    "Winning and Managing for Streaks."  Invited Conference. Special Sports Statistics Session, National Meetings of the American Statistical Society, Dallas, Texas, 1998.

5.    "Competition and Cross-Subsidies in U.S. Pro Sports."  Invited Conference.  Congress:  The Regulation of the Player Market in Professional Team Sports, International Center for Sports Studies, Neuchatel, Switzerland, October 17-18, 1997.

4.    "The History of the Kingdome and the Stadium Mess."  First Hill Lecture, Washington State Historical Society, Tacoma, Washington, 1997.

3.    "The Economics of Public Stadiums."  Invited Conference.  Economic Impacts of Sports, The Brookings Institution, Washington, D.C., October 7-8, 1996.

2.    "Player-Management Relations in Professional Team Sports."  Panelist.  National Meetings of the Southern Economic Association, New Orleans, Louisiana, 1995.

1.    "Diamonds Are Forever: The Business of Baseball."  Invited Conference. Thirteenth Annual Middlebury College Conference on Economic Issues, Middlebury, Vermont, 1991.

Invited Presentations

31.    "An Economist Looks at NCAA Infractions Enforcement." University Open Lecture. Otterbein University, February 21, 2019.

30.    "The Limits of the Economics of Race in Sports with an Application to African American Baseball." Economics Department Seminar, Otterbein University, February 21, 2019.

29.    "Monetary Costs of Concussion."  Department of Economics, University of Wisconsin-LaCrosse, October 14, 2016.

28.    "Winning in Baseball and Soccer:  Historical Moments." Department of Economics and Finance, University of Guelph (Ontario, CA), April 1, 2016.

27.    "15 Sports Myths and Why They Are Wrong."  Samuel M. Levin Lecture, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Wayne State University, April 18, 2014.

26.    "Modeling College Conferences."  Department of Economics and Finance, Mississippi State University, November 15, 2013.

25.    "College and Pro Sports Myths."  (Open Lecture) Department of Economics, Wittenberg University, Springfield, Ohio, October 25, 2012.

24.    "Data Diving:  College Sports Finance Issues."  (Economics Department Seminar) Department of Economics, Wittenberg University, Springfield, Ohio, October 25, 2012.

23.    "The Professionalization of Korean Baseball."  Department of Sport Management, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea, April 14, 2011.

22.    "Asians in Major League Baseball."  School of Business, Sogang University, Seoul, Korea, April 13, 2011.

21.    "The Logic of Owner Lockouts."  John Molson School of Business, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, November 19, 2009.

20.    "Public Goods and Sports Subsidies:  The U.S. Case."  Institut für Strategie und Unternehmensökonomik, University of Zurich, Switzerland, November 25, 2008.

19.  "The Political Economy of Professional Sports Malls."  Clifford Lewis Lecture, Department of Kinesiology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, April 3, 2008.

18.    "The Contest Success Function, Marginal Product, and Marginal Revenue in Pro Sports Leagues."  Department of Economics.  Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, November 15, 2007.

17.    "Choosing Competitive Balance Remedies."  Warsaw Center for Sports Marketing, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, April 13, 2007.

16.    "Race and Firing of NBA Coaches."  Division of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, January 19, 2006.

15.    "Race and Firing of NBA Coaches."  Division of Sport Management, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, October 27, 2006.

14.    "The NHL Lockout:  Why the Owners Are Winning Big."  MBA in Sport Management Program, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, August 1, 2005.

13.    "Talent Choice in U.S. Pro Sports Leagues:  A Rottenberg-Coase Perspective."  Sport Management Group, University of Michigan, November, 2004.

12.    "Talent Choice in U.S. Pro Sports Leagues:  A Rottenberg-Coase Perspective."  Department of Economics, Texas Christian University, March, 2004.

11.    "The Competitive Position of WSU Athletics."  Tri-Cities Rotary Club, Pasco, Washington, November 8, 2000.

10.    "Sports Teams and Sports Policy: The Winning Percent Maximizing League."  Economics Department, University of Antwerp, Belgium, December 1, 2000.

9.    "The Pro Sports Culprit- Market Power and What Can Be Done About It?"  Emerald City Rotary Club at the Washington Athletic Club, Seattle, Washington, March 28, 2000.

8.    "The Pro Sports Culprit- Market Power and What Can Be Done About It?"  Bellevue Athletics Club, Bellevue, Washington, March 28, 2000.

7.    "The Inverse Relationship between Subsidies and Pricing Choices by Sports Teams."  Department of Economics, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, 1999.

6.    "Pro Sports Problems: Causes and Solutions."  35th Annual Economics Lecture, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, Michigan, 1998.

5.    "Benefit-Cost Analysis and Adult Sex Offender Sentencing Alternatives."  Research Findings from the Community Protection Research Project: The First Year, Washington State Institute for Public Policy forum, Seattle, Washington, 1991.

4.    "Referendum Voting and the Determinants of Support for Nuclear Power in the United States."  Department of Economics, University of California, Irvine, 1989.

3.    "Referendum Voting and the Determinants of Support for Nuclear Power in the United States."  Department of Political Science, University of California, San Diego, 1989.

2.    "A Simple Model of Representative Bureaucracy's Public Provision Choices."  Department of Agricultural Economics and Economics, Montana State University, 1988.

1.     "Theories of Regulation and the U.S. Forest Service."  Regulation and Public Policy Workshop, School of Business, Stanford University, 1985.

Other Presentations

55.    "Modeling Injury Costs with An Application to Concussions in Major League Baseball." Western Economic Association, Vancouver, BC, June 2018.

54.    "The Structure of NCAA Amateur Requirement Enforcement." Western Economic Association, San Diego, California, June, 2017.

53.    "College Sports Antitrust 'Beliefs':  Applied Theory and the Rule of Reason." Western Economics Association, Portland, Oregon, July, 2016.

52.    "The Yankees Do Not Write a Check o the Marlins: Revenue Sharing and Player Pay."  Southern Economic Association, New Orleans, Louisiana, November, 2015.

51.    "What Can We Know about College Sports Financial Data?"  Southern Economic Association, Atlanta, Georgia, November, 2014.

50.    "Just Looking for A Good Game:  Competitive Balance in the Korean Professional Baseball League."  European Sports Economics Association, Antwerp, Belgium, September, 2014.

49.    "Revenue Maximization in a College Conference."  Southern Economic Association, Tampa, Florida, November, 2013.

48.   "League Level Attendance and Outocme Uncertainty in the NBA, NFL, and NHL."  Western Economic Association, San Diego, California, July, 2011.

47.   "Collegiate Athletic Spending:  Arms Race or Principals and Agents?"  Western Economic Association, Portland, Oregon, July, 2010.

46.   "Competitive Balance:  Time Series Lessons from the English Premiere League."  Western Economic Association, Vancouver, Canada, July, 2009.

45.  "Tax Policy and the Value of Sports Team Ownership."  North American Society for Sport Management, Toronto, Canada, May, 2008.

44.    "Talent Supply, the Contest Success Function, and the Invariance Principle."  International Association of Sports Economists Annual Meeting, Gijon, Spain, May, 2008.

43.    "Competitive Balance in Sports Leagues:  When Is More Preferred to Less?"  Western Economic Association, Seattle, WA, 2007.

42.    "Dynasties and Rottenberg's Uncertainty of Outcome Hypothesis:  The Case of MLB."  Western Economic Association, Seattle, WA, 2007.

41.    "Choosing Competitive Balance Remedies."  International Association of Sports Economists Annual Meeting, Dayton, Ohio, May, 2007.

40.    "The Competitive Talent Model:  Rational Expectations and Pro Sports Leagues."  Western Economic Association, San Diego, CA, 2006.

39.    "Compliance Requirements in MLB Revenue Sharing."  Western Economic Association, San Diego, CA, 2006.

38.    "Structural Change, Competitive Balance, and the Rest of the Major Leagues."  Western Economic Association, San Francisco, CA, 2005.

37.    "The Value of Major League Baseball Ownership."  Western Economic Association, San Francisco, CA, 2005.

36.    "The Optimal Level of Competitive Balance in U.S. Pro Sports Leagues."  Western Economic Association, Vancouver, BC, 2004.

35.    "Time Series Behavior of MLB Attendance:  Structural Change and the Uncertainty of Outcome Hypothesis."  Western Economic Association, Vancouver, BC, 2004.

34.    "A Rottenberg/Coase Examination of Sports Policy Prescriptions."  Western Economic Association, Denver, CO, 2003.

33.    "Time Series Analysis of Structural Change:  Competitive Balance in Major League Baseball."  Western Economic Association, Seattle, WA, 2002.

32.    "Vertical Integration in Major League Baseball."  Western Economic Association, Seattle, WA, 2002.

31.    "Sports Policy Prescriptions." International Association of Sports Economists, New York, NY, 2002.

30.    "Attendance and Uncertainty of Outcome in Major League Baseball."  Western Economic Association, San Francisco, CA, 2001.

29.    "Punitive Sports Subsidies."  Western Economic Association, San Francisco, CA, 2001.

28.    "Revenues, Payrolls and Competitive Balance in Major League Baseball."  Western Economic Association, San Francisco, CA, 2001.

27.    "The Demise of African-American Baseball Leagues."  Western Economic Association, Vancouver, BC, 2000.

26.    "Punitive Subsidies."  Western Economic Association, Vancouver, BC, 2000.

25.    "Profit Maximization with Marginal Revenue Less Than Zero."  Western Economic Association, San Diego, California, 1999.

24.    "Last Period Problems in Sports."  Western Economic Association, Lake Tahoe, Nevada, 1998.

23.    "Race Assessment in Memorabilia Markets."  Western Economic Association, Lake Tahoe, Nevada, 1998.

22.    "The College Football Industry."  Western Economics Association, Seattle, Washington, 1997.

21.    "Introducing a Competitive Environment into Professional Sports."  Western Economics Association, San Francisco, California, 1996.

20.    "Profit Maximization with Marginal Revenue Less Than Zero."  Western Economics Association, San Francisco, California, 1996.

19.    "Monopsony versus Revenue Sharing in Sports Leagues."  Western Economics Association, San Diego, California, 1995.

18.    "Race in Economics: Perceptions and Measurement."  Western Economics Association, San Diego, California, 1995.

17.    "Voting Against Nuclear Power."  Western Economics Association, San Diego, California, 1995.

16.    "A Voting Analysis of Anti-Nuclear Sentiment."  Public Choice Society, New Orleans, Louisiana, 1992.

15.    "You've Always Got Choices, But. . . : Public Provision Efficiency and Firm Self-Selection."  Western Economic Association, Seattle, Washington, 1991.

14.    "Participation Hurdles and the Analysis of Nuclear Power Referenda."  Western Economic Association, Seattle, Washington, 1991.

13.    "As Easy as Rolling Off A Log: A Recursive Treatment of the Hurdles to Voting."  Public Choice Society, New Orleans, Louisiana, 1991.

12.    "Prospect Costs and NIMBY."  Western Economics Association, San Diego, California, 1990.

11.    "Alarms, Oversight, and the Structure of Bureaucracy."  Public Choice Society, Tucson, Arizona, 1990.

10.    "Are Senators Principled Agents?"  Public Choice Society, Tucson, Arizona, 1990.

9.    "Theories of Regulation and the U.S. Forest Service."  Public Choice Society, Orlando, Florida, 1989.

8.    "Referendum Voting and the Determinants of Support for Nuclear Power in the United States."  Public Choice Society, Orlando, Florida, 1989.

7.    "The Ideological Component of Senate Voting: Different Principles or Different Principals?"  Public Choice Society, Orlando, Florida, 1989.

6.    "Referendum Voting and the Determinants of Support for Nuclear Power in the United States."  Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management, Seattle, Washington, 1988.

5.    "Theories of Regulation and the U.S. Forest Service."  Public Choice Society, San Francisco, California, 1988.

4.    "Lessons from a More Complete Morphology of Regulation."  American Political Science Association, Chicago, Illinois, 1987.

3.    "A Simple Model of Representative Bureaucracy's Public Provision Choices."  Public Choice Society, Tucson, Arizona, 1987.

2.      "Pay and Performance in Professional Baseball: Modeling Expansion."  Southwest Social Science Association Meetings, Houston, Texas, 1983.

1.      "Hospital Provision by Referenda."  Public Choice Society, San Francisco, California, 1980.

Other Research Activities

4.      "Benefit Cost Analysis of Crisis Respite Care at the Spokane Community Mental Health Center," The Washington Institute for Mental Health Research and Training, Summer, 1992.

3.      "Benefit Cost Analysis and the Community Protection Act," Washington Institute for Public Policy Studies, Summer, 1991.

2.      "Risk of Economic Loss Due to Failure or Perceived Failure of A High-Level Nuclear Waste Repository," with William Budd and Robert Rosenman, Washington State Institute for Public Policy Studies, July, 1986.

1.      Research Associate, Center for the Study of Futures Markets, Columbia University (New York), 1984-1986.

SERVICE

Editorial Boards/Guest Editor

Boards:

Guest Editor:

Refereeing:  Journal List

Grant Review Panels

2.    National Science Foundation.

1.    Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada.

Advisory Boards/Association Offices/Committees

6.      Advisory Board, NCAA Scholarly Forum, National Collegiate Athletic Association.  Winter 2009-Winter 2012.

5.      Scientific Committee Member,  Fundacion Observatorio Economico del Deporte, Oviedo University, Gijon, Spain.  Summer 2008-present.

4.      Vice President, International Association of Sports Economists, Limoges, France.  Summer 2002-present.

3.      Board of Associates, International Institute for the Study of Sports Management (IISSM), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.  Fall 2002-2006.

2.      Simulations Development Advisory Board.  Sports Business Simulations, Zenophon Abraham, CEO.  Oakland, CA.  March, 2005-2007.

1.      Committee Member, Washington State Rural Hospital Advisory Committee, 1986-1990.

Promotion Reviews

2017: Bowdoin University. 2016: University of Florida. 2015: University of New Mexico. 2014: University of Florida. 2012: Texas A&M University. 2011: Providence College, SUNY-Geneseo, Florida State University, University of Iowa. 2010: University of Alabama-Huntsville. 2009:  University of Alberta. 2008:   University of Lethbridge; University of North Texas. 2007:   Temple University. 2006:  University of Illinois; Portland State University. 2005:   University of Otago ( New Zealand ); Monash University (Australia); University of Washington-Tacoma. 2003:  Texas Christian University ; University of Leeds (United Kingdom); University of Regina (Canada). 2002:  University of Wales-Swansea (Wales). 2001:  Temple University. 2000:  Lafayette College; University of Maryland-Baltimore County; University of North Texas; University of Regina (Canada); Vassar College.  1997:  Pennsylvania State University-Erie; University of Alabama-Huntsville.

Government Testimony/Court Briefs

13. Supreme Court of the United States. On Petition for a Writ of Certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit, Brief of Amici Curiae Sports Economists in Support of Petitioner and In re: City of Oakland v. Oakland Raiders et. al. Case No. 21-1243. April 13, 2022.

12. Supreme Court of the United States. Amicus Curiae Brief of Economists in Support of Petitioner and In Re; National Collegiate Athletic Association v. Shawne Alston, et al., American Athletic Conference, et al., v. Shawne Alston, et al. Case Nos. 20-512, 20-520. March 10, 2021.

11.     United States Court of appeals for the Ninth Circuit. Brief of Amici Curiae Economists and Professors in Support of Plaintiffs-Appellees and In Re: Karen Stromberg, et all., v. Qualcomm Incorporated. Case No. 19-15159. August 10, 2019

10.    United States Court of appeals for the Ninth Circuit. Brief of Amici Curiae Economists in Support of Plaintiffs-Appellants and In Support of Reversal. In Re National Football League's "Sunday Ticket Antitrust Litigation. Case No. 17-56119. January 18, 2018.

9.    Federal Communications Commission. Reply Comments of Sports Fans Coalition, Inc. In the Matter of Sports Blackout Rules. MB Docket No. 12-3. March 25, 2014.

8.    Federal Communications Commission. Response of Sports Economists on Declaration of Hal J. Singer. In the Matter of Petition for Rulemaking to Eliminate the Sports Blackout Rule. MB Docket No. 12-3. February 20, 2014.

7.   Federal Communications Commission. Comments of Sports Economists on the FCC's Sports Blackout Rules. In the Matter of Petition for Rulemaking to Eliminate the Sports Blackout Rule. MB Docket No. 12-3. February 20, 2012.

6.      Supreme Court of the United States.  Amicus Curiae Brief of Economists in Support of Petitioner. American Needle, Inc. (Petitioner) v. National Football League, et. al. (Respondent).  Case No. 08-661. September 24, 2009.

5.      New Zealand Commerce Commission.  Salary cap impacts in New Zealand Rugby Union.  2006.

4.      U.S. Senate, Subcommittee on Antitrust, Washington, D.C.  The state of competitive balance in Major League Baseball.  2000.

3.      Governor’s Committee on Sex Offender Treatment, Seattle, WA.  Sex offender sentencing alternatives. 1991.

2.      Washington State Ecological Commission, Seattle, WA.  Impacts of the ECOS hazardous waste incinerator.  1987.

1.      Washington State Legislature Subcommittee.  Spokane, WA.  Siting a high-level nuclear waste repository.  1986.

SPECIAL RECOGNITION

Honors

7.   26th Stanley Lecture, College of Health & Human Performance, University of Florida, 2011.

6.    Annual Clifford Lewis Lecture, Department of Kinesiology, University of Georgia, 2008.

5.    Society for American Baseball Research, nomination for the Seymour Medal, Hardball: The Abuse of Power in Pro Team Sports, 2000.

4.      35th Annual Economics Seminar Series Lecture, Department of Economics, Western Michigan University, 1998.

3.      First Annual Curtiss Hill Lecture, Washington State Historical Society, 1997.

2.      Princeton University Press, nomination to the Pulitzer Prize Committee, Pay Dirt: The Business of Professional Team Sports, 1992.

1.      Eleventh Annual Invited Honors Lecture, Washington State University Honors Program, 1990.

Awards

University of Michigan Golden Apple Nominee. 2020.

Excellence in Refereeing Award, American Economic Review, 2009 [Award notification March 10, 2010.]

Pacific Northwest Bell Distinguished Faculty Award, Pacific Northwest Bell , 1988.  Washington State University.

Shell Undergraduate Teaching Excellence Award, Shell Companies Foundation, Inc., 1985.   Washington State University.