Some mathematical short stories and works of fiction that I enjoyed during my undergraduate studies:
Isaac Asimov, "The Feeling of Power." Consider a future in which humans have become so reliant on computers that we lose the ability to multiply 1-4 digit numbers together. How would someone with the ability to multiply numbers together on their own be viewed, and what draw would this ability have to others who otherwise wouldn't believe this is possible?
Arcadia by Tom Stoppard. This play demonstrates the theoretical impact of chaos theory and mathematical interests of one of the young protagonists by interweaving plot lines from the past and present with the importance of human relationship.
From Zero to Infinity by Constance Reid: A wonderful text on math history accessible to a broad audience.
Other fun stuff:
The relationship between 1/89 and the Fibonacci sequence, clarified for instance here: http://www2.math.ou.edu/~dmccullough/teaching/miscellanea/miner.html