The electrostatic force can be observed in everyday life. Here are some examples:
when you pet a cat, you may notice tiny electric sparks between your hand and its fur
sometimes when you want to open a door, you may be surprised feeling an electric shock from the doorknob
when you brush your hair, they stick to the comb
a thin plastic bag sticks to walls, cabinet doors, trash can
Below, I recorder two videos to demonstrate the electrostatic force.
The phenomenon is explained with Bohr's model of atom. According to the model, protons are inside the atom, while electrons occupy allowed spots on different orbits. We know that this is a very simplified model, but it works well enough to explain the electrostatic force. So, we think that the electrons on far orbits may be torn off an atom by simply rubbing the surface of a material. The atom then becomes a positive ion missing a couple of electrons. Some materials charge positive, some negative when rubbing the surface. For example, a plastic rod rubbed with the wool cloth, charges negative. A glass rod rubbed with silk charges positive. Acrylic rods rubbed with wool charge positive but rubbed with fur charge negative.
Another way of charging materials is charging by induction. See the demo below.
Here is a collection of a few electric charge demos by Physics 2020 Cohort.