Publications (P.E. Klug)

Google Scholar Profile - PE Klug

ResearchGate Profile - PE Klug

Publications:

2025

1. Duttenhefner JL, AA ElSaid PE Klug. 2025. Machine learning to detect, classify, and count blackbirds damaging agriculture using drone-based imagery: Supporting AI-driven automation for deployment of damage management tools. Ecological Informatics (Revisions submitted).
2. Nafus M, L Gray, P Klug, G Rodda, S Goetz. 2025. Behavioral plasticity in detection height of an invasive, arboreal snake based on size, condition, and prey. Wildlife Research 52:WR24085
3. White MG, JL Duttenhefner, PE Klug. 2025. Establishing protocols to apply repellents while hazing crop pests: Importance of habitat, flock size, and time on blackbird (Icteridae) responses to a drone capable of spraying. Wildlife Research 52:WR24066. https://doi.org/10.1071/WR24066
4. Duttenhefner JL, PE Klug. 2025. Observer estimation accuracy from drone-based imagery influenced by the size of blackbird flocks foraging in sunflower. Wilson Journal of Ornithology https://doi.org/10.1080/15594491.2024.2444028

2024

5. Duttenhefner JL, TJ Greives, PE Klug. 2024. Spraying drones: Efficacy of applying an avian repellent to elicit blackbird flock dispersion in commercial sunflower fields. Wildlife Biology 2024:e01333 (http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/wlb3.01333/abstract) 
6.  Duttenhefner JL, PE Klug. 2024. Effective range of auditory frightening devices based on hearing capabilities and antipredator responses of nuisance blackbirds. Wildlife Society Bulletin 48:e1549 (https://doi.org/10.1002/wsb.1549)

2023

7. Manz ST, KE Sieving, RN Brown, PE Klug, BM Kluever. 2023. Experimental Assessment of Laser Scarecrows for Reducing Avian Damage to Sweet Corn. Pest Management Science 78:1547-1556.  https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.7888 
8. Hess, SC, CJ Anderson, EA Tillman, WP Bukoski, LA Brennan, AB Shiels, PE Klug, SR Siers, BM Kluever. 2023. Differences in feeder visitation by invasive rose-ringed parakeets (Psittacula krameri) between Hawaiian Islands. Pacific Science 77:111-123.
9. Egan CE, BF Blackwell, E Fernández-Juricic, PE Klug. 2023. Dispersal of blackbird flocks from sunflower fields: efficacy influenced by flock and field size but not drone platform. Wildlife Society Bulletin 47:e1478. https://doi.org/10.1002/wsb.1478
10. Anderson CJ, EA Tillman, WP Bukoski, SC Hess, LA Brennan, PE Klug, BM Kluever. 2023. A novel parakeet-selective feeder for control of invasive psittacines. Wildlife Society Bulletin 47:e1483. 
11. Anderson CJ, LA Brennan, WP Bukoski, SC Hess, CD Hilton, AB Shiels, SR Siers, BM Kluever, PE Klug. 2023. Evaluation of Roost Culling as a Management Strategy for Reducing Invasive Rose-Ringed Parakeet (Psittacula krameri) Populations. Biological Invasions 25:1403-1419.

2022

12. Blackwell BF, PE Klug, LA Humberg, ZT Brym, BM Kluever, J Edwards. 2022. Cultivation of industrial hemp on and near airports: implications for wildlife use and risk to aviation safety. Human-Wildlife Interactions 16:373–383. https://doi.org/10.26077/9721-9c7d
13. Kotten EA, I Hennessy, Z Brym, BM Kluever, BF Blackwell, LA Humberg, PE Klug. 2022. Industrial hemp as a resource for birds in agroecosystems: Human-wildlife conflict or conservation opportunity? Human-Wildlife Interactions 16:384–398. https://doi.org/10.26077/c340-6745
14. Klug PE, AB Shiels, BM Kluever, CJ Anderson, SC Hess, EW Ruell, WP Bukoski, SR Siers. 2022. A review of control tools for managing the damage of invasive birds to human assets and economic activities. Management of Biological Invasions 14:1-44.

2021

15. Eshleman, MA, PE Klug, E Morales-Vega, B Wissel, TJ Greives. 2021. Relationship between reproductive hormones and migration distance in a polygynous songbird, the Red-winged Blackbird (Agelaius phoeniceus). Journal of Ornithology 163:425–436. 
16. Klug PE, AA Yackel Adams, RN Reed. 2021. Olfactory lures in predator control do not increase predation risk to birds in areas of conservation concern. Wildlife Research 49(2):183-192.  
17. Stonefish D., MA Eshleman, GM Linz, HJ Homan, PE Klug, TJ Greives, EH Gillam. 2021. Migration routes and wintering areas of male Red-winged Blackbirds as determined using geolocators. Journal of Field Ornithology 92(3):284–293.
18. Sausse C, A Baux, M Bertrand, E Bonnaud, S Canavelli, A Destrez, PE Klug, L Olivera, E Rodriguez, G Tellechea, S Zuil. 2021. Contemporary challenges and opportunities for the management of bird damage a field crop establishment Crop Protection 148:105736. 
19. Klug PE, AA Yackel Adams, SR Siers, KM Brindock, SM Mosher, MJ Mazurek, WC Pitt, RN Reed. 2021. Locally abundant, endangered Mariana swiftlets impact the abundance, behavior, and body condition of an invasive predator. Oecologia 195:1083-1097.
20. Werrell AK, PE Klug, RN Lipcius, JP Swaddle, J.P., 2021. A Sonic Net reduces damage to sunflower by blackbirds (Icteridae): implications for broad-scale agriculture and crop establishment. Crop Protection 144:105579.
21. Kaiser BA, MH Ostlie, B Johnson, SJ Werner, PE Klug. 2021. Inefficiency of anthraquinone-based avian repellents when applied to sunflower: the importance of crop vegetative and floral characteristics in field applications. Pest Management Science 77:1502-1511.

2020

22. Clark BA, PE Klug, PM Stepanian, JF Kelly. 2020. Using bioenergetics and radar-derived bird abundance to assess the impact of a blackbird roost on seasonal sunflower damage. Human–Wildlife Interactions 14(3):427-441.
23. Klug PE, HJ Homan. 2020. Movement behavior of radio-tagged European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) in urban, rural, and exurban landscapes. Human–Wildlife Interactions 14(3):398-408.

2019

24. Egan, CC, BF Blackwell, E Fernández-Juricic, PE Klug. 2019. Testing a key assumption of using drones as frightening devices: Do birds perceive wildlife-monitoring drones as risky? Condor 122:1-15.  http://doi:10.1093/condor/duaa014
25. Klug PE, HJ Homan, BD Peer, GM Linz. 2019. Flight Feather Molt in Common Grackles (Quiscalus quiscula). Wilson Journal of Ornithology 131(4): 1-10.
26. Yackel Adams AA, MG Nafus, PE Klug, B Lardner, MJ Mazurek, JA Savidge, RN Reed. 2019. Contact rates with nesting birds before and after invasive snake removal: estimating the effects of trap-based control. Neobiota 49:1-17. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.49.35592
27. Bansal S, SC Lishawa, S Newman, BA Tangen, D Wilcox, D Albert, MJ Anteau, M Chimney, RL Cressey, ES DeKeyser, KJ Elgersma, SA Finkelstein, JR Freeland, R Grosshans, PE Klug, DJ Larkin, BA Lawrence, GM Linz, JE Marburger, GB Noe, CRV Otto, NJ Reo, JH Richards, CJ Richardson, L Rodgers, AJ Schrank, WD Svedarsky, SE Travis, NC Tuchman, A van der Valk, L Windham-Meyer. 2019. Typha (cattail) Invasion in North American Wetlands: Biology, Regional Problems, Impacts, Ecosystem Services, and Management. Wetlands (Online First)  https://doi.org/10.1007/s13157-019-01174-7 
28. Wandrie LJ, PE Klug, ME Clark. 2019. Evaluation of two unmanned aircraft systems as tools for protecting crops from blackbird damage. Crop Protection 117:15-19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2018.11.008

2018

29. Nafus M, AA Yackel Adams, PE Klug, GH Rodda. 2018. Habitat type and structure affect trap capture success of an invasive snake across variable densities. Ecosphere (8):e02339. 10.1002/ecs2.2339
30. Mahoney JL, PE Klug, WL Reed. 2018 An assessment of U.S. Endangered Species Act recovery plans: using physiology to support conservation. Conservation Physiology 6:10.1093/conphys/coy036.
31. Jarnevich CS, MA Hayes, LA Fitzgerald, AA Yackel Adams, BG Falk, MM Collier, LR Bonewell, PE Klug, S Naretto, RN Reed. 2018. Modeling the distributions of tegu lizards in native and potential invasive ranges. Scientific Reports 8:10193.

2016

32. Holldorf ET, SR Siers, JQ Richmond, PE Klug, RN Reed. 2016. Invaded invaders: recent infection of invasive Brown Treesnakes on Guam by an exotic parasitic flatworm with an entirely introduced complex life cycle. PLoS ONE 10(12):e0143718

2015

33. McEachern MA, AA Yackel Adams, PE Klug, LA Fitzgerald, RN Reed. 2015. Brumation of introduced Tupinambis merianae (Squamata: Teiidae) in southern Florida. Southeastern Naturalist 14(2):319-328
34. Klug PE, RN Reed, FJ Mazzotti, MA McEachern, JJ Vinci, KK Craven, AA Yackel Adams. 2015. The influence of disturbed habitat on the spatial ecology of the black and white Argentine tegu (Tupinambis merianae), a recent invader in the Everglades ecosystem (Florida, U.S.A.). Biological Invasions 17(6):1785-1797

2014

35. Cox WA, LL Wolfenbarger, LI Berkeley, SE Engberg, W Janousek, PE Klug, N Rider, JP McCarty. 2014. Grassland bird communities on conservation and marginal grasslands in an agricultural landscape. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 193:53-59

2011

36. Klug PE, J Fill, KA With. 2011. Spatial ecology of Eastern Yellowbelly Racer (Coluber constrictor flaviventris) and Great Plains Ratsnake (Pantherophis emoryi) in a contiguous tallgrass prairie landscape. Herpetologica 67(4): 428-439
37. Klug PE, KA With, SM Wisley. 2011. Population genetic structure and landscape connectivity of the Eastern Yellowbelly Racer (Coluber constrictor flaviventris) in the contiguous tallgrass prairie of northeastern Kansas, USA. Landscape Ecology 26:281–294

38. Klug PE, SL Jackrel, KA With. 2010. Linking snake habitat use to nest predation risk in grassland birds: the dangers of shrub cover. Oecologia 162:803-813
39. Klug PE, LL Wolfenbarger, JP McCarty. 2010. Snakes are important nest predators of Dickcissels in an agricultural landscape. Wilson Journal of Ornithology 122(4):799-803

2009

40. Klug PE, LL Wolfenbarger, JP McCarty. 2009. The nest predator community of grassland birds responds to agroecosystem habitat at multiple scales. Ecography 32:973-982
41. Klug PE, KA With, SM Wisely. 2009. Isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci in the Eastern Yellowbelly Racer (Coluber constrictor flaviventris) for use in landscape genetic studies. (Molecular Ecology Resources database accessions 37758–37769). http://tomato.biol.trinity.edu/. Cited as: Molecular Ecology Resources Primer Development Consortium et al. 2009. Permanent Genetic Resources added to Molecular Ecology Resources Database 1 May 2009–31 July 2009. Molecular Ecology Resources 9:1460-1559

Book Chapters:

1. Klug, PE. 2020. Pest Management – Birds. In H Kandel, G Endres, R Buetow (Eds.), Sunflower Production Guide. North Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station and North Dakota State University Extension, North Dakota State University, pp 130-135. Fargo, North Dakota, USA. Sunflower Production Guide (A1995) (ndsu.edu)
2. Linz GM, PE Klug, RA Dolbeer. 2017. Ecology and Management of Red-winged Blackbirds. In GM Linz, ML Avery, RA Dolbeer (Eds.), Ecology and Management of Blackbirds (Icteridae) in North America. CRC Press Taylor & Francis, pp 17-41.
3. Linz GM, PE Klug. 2017. Strategies for Evading Blackbird Damage. In GM Linz, ML Avery, RA Dolbeer (Eds.), Ecology and Management of Blackbirds (Icteridae) in North America. CRC Press Taylor & Francis, pp 175-189.
4. Klug PE. 2017 The Future of Blackbird Management Research. In GM Linz, ML Avery, RA Dolbeer (Eds.), Ecology and Management of Blackbirds (Icteridae) in North America. CRC Press Taylor & Francis, pp 217-234.

Conference Proceedings:

1. Shiels AB, PE Klug, BM Kluever, SR Siers. 2020. Rose-ringed Parakeets in California: Established Populations and Potentially a Serious Agricultural Threat. In Proceedings of the 29th Vertebrate Pest Conference. Ed. DM Woods, University of California. Davis, California USA. Paper No. 43, pp 5.
2. Klug, PE, MH Ostlie, SJ Werner. 2018. Efficacy of an avian repellent applied using drop nozzle-equipped ground rigs in reducing blackbird damage to sunflower. Proceeding of the 40th Annual National Sunflower Research Forum. Fargo, ND.
3. Egan, CE, LJ Wandrie, BF Blackwell, E Fernández-Juricic, PE Klug. 2017. Evaluating behavioral response of red-winged blackbirds toward Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UASs): exploiting antipredator behavior to enhance avoidance. In DJ Morin, MJ Cherry (Eds.), Proceedings of the 17th Wildlife Damage Management Conference, Orange Beach, AL. pp.71-73.
4. Kaiser, BA, M Ostlie, PE Klug. 2017. Foraging behavior of red-winged blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus) on sunflower (Helianthus annuus) with varying coverage of anthraquinone-based repellent. In DJ Morin, MJ Cherry (Eds.), Proceedings of the 17th Wildlife Damage Management Conference, Orange Beach, AL. pp. 90-94.
5. Mahoney, JL, GM Linz, PE Klug, WL Reed. 2017. A comparative study on the physiology of captive and wild-caught blackbirds. The 39th Annual National Sunflower Research Forum. Fargo, ND.
6. Wandrie, LJ, WL Reed, PE Klug, ME Clark. 2017. Drones: Modern Day Scarecrows? The 39th Annual National Sunflower Research Forum. Fargo, ND.
7. Mahoney, JL, WL Reed, GM Linz, PE Klug. 2016. Female blackbirds’ response to stress during breeding: possible implications for future management. In RM Timm, RA Baldwin (Eds.), Proceedings of the 27th Vertebrate Pest Conference. pp. 221-225.
8. Wandrie, LJ, WL Reed, ME Clark, K Karels, PE Klug, GL Linz. 2016. Behavioral responses of red-winged blackbirds to simulated Unmanned Aerial System scare tactics: evidence of potential habituation to video stimuli. In RM Timm, RA Baldwin (Eds.), Proceedings of the 27th Vertebrate Pest Conference. pp. 253-257.
9. Wandrie LJ,WL Reed, ME Clark, K Karels, PE Klug, GM Linz. 2016. Seasonal variation in response to stress in red-winged blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus): Corticosterone. Proceedings of the 38th Annual National Sunflower Association Research Forum. Fargo, ND.

Reports and Briefings:

1. Klug, PE, WP Bukoski, AB Shiels, BM Kluever, SR Siers. 2018. Critical review of potential control tools for reducing damage by the invasive Rose-ringed Parakeet (Psittacula krameri) on the Hawaiian Islands. Unpublished Final Report QA-2836. USDA-APHIS-WS NWRC. Fort Collins, CO. 52 pp.
2. Klug, PE, AA Yackel Adams, AB Shiels, CA Stricker, WC Pitt, RN Reed. 2015. Protection of caves important to the endangered Mariana swiftlet (Aerodramus bartschi) though effective deployment of control tools based on brown treesnake (Boiga irregularis) activity. Submitted to Department of Defense
3. Reed, RN, PE Klug, MA McEachern, JG Duquesnel, AA Yackel Adams, EF Metzger, R Rozar, S. Goetz. 2015. Summary of invasive reptile control and interdiction efforts in support of Florida Keys resource protection  and restoration, 2008-2013. Submitted to U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
4. Gibble, R, M Kapsch, M Bonneau, L Brandt, K Hart, K Irick, J Eckles, P Klug, C Mitchell, R Olson, C Romagosa, H Waddle, A Yackel Adams, C Hauser, F Johnson, D Brewer, S Converse. 2014. Management  response to the threat of Burmese pythons in Arthur R. Marshall Loxahatchee National Wildlife Refuge: a case study
5. Klug, PE, AA Yackel Adams. Invasive species science project briefing to USGS Senior Science Advisors for Invasive Species and Disease, Sharon Gross and Cindy Kolar. June 2014
6. McEachern, MA, RN Reed, AA Yackel Adams, PE Klug, EF Metzger. 2014. Key Largo Project End of Project report to Crocodile Lake National Wildlife Refuge. Submitted to U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service