呼吸機是什麼?

呼吸機是一種可有效代替、控制或改變人的正常生理呼吸，增加肺通氣量，改善呼吸功能，減輕呼吸消耗，節約心臟儲備的醫療器械。可以為生理上無法呼吸或呼吸不足的患者提供呼吸，進行機械換氣。現代呼吸機由計算機控制，但也可以使用簡單的手動氣囊閥面罩對患者進行呼吸。呼吸機主要用於重症醫學，家庭護理和急診醫學（作為獨立設備）以及麻醉學（作為麻醉機的組成部分）。

在現代臨床醫學中，呼吸機作為一項能人工替代自主通氣功能的有效手段，已普遍用於各種原因所致的呼吸衰竭、大手術期間的麻醉呼吸管理、呼吸支持治療和急救復甦中，在現代醫學領域內佔有十分重要的位置。呼吸機是一種能夠起到預防和治療呼吸衰竭，減少併發症，挽救及延長病人生命的至關重要的醫療設備。

按照與患者的連接方式分為：

無創呼吸機：呼吸機通過面罩與患者連接

有創呼吸機：呼吸機通過氣管插管連接到患者

What is respiratory machine?

Mechanical ventilation, assisted ventilation or intermittent mandatory ventilation (IMV), is the medical term for using a machine called a ventilator to fully or partially provide artificial ventilation. Mechanical ventilation helps move air into and out of the lungs, with the main goal of helping the delivery of oxygen and removal of carbon dioxide. Mechanical ventilation is used for many reasons, including to protect the airway due to mechanical or neurologic cause, to ensure adequate oxygenation, or to remove excess carbon dioxide from the lungs. Various healthcare providers are involved with the use of mechanical ventilation and people who require ventilators are typically monitored in an intensive care unit.

Mechanical ventilation is termed invasive if it involves an instrument to create an airway that is placed inside the trachea. This can be achieved with many instruments, most commonly through an endotracheal tube. Face or nasal masks are used for non-invasive ventilation in appropriately selected people who are conscious.

The two main types of mechanical ventilation include positive pressure ventilation where air is pushed into the lungs through the airways, and negative pressure ventilation where air is pulled into the lungs. There are many specific modes of mechanical ventilation, and their nomenclature has been revised over the decades as the technology has continually developed.