呼吸機是什麼?
呼吸機是一種可有效代替、控制或改變人的正常生理呼吸,增加肺通氣量,改善呼吸功能,減輕呼吸消耗,節約心臟儲備的醫療器械。可以為生理上無法呼吸或呼吸不足的患者提供呼吸,進行機械換氣。現代呼吸機由計算機控制,但也可以使用簡單的手動氣囊閥面罩對患者進行呼吸。呼吸機主要用於重症醫學,家庭護理和急診醫學(作為獨立設備)以及麻醉學(作為麻醉機的組成部分)。
在現代臨床醫學中,呼吸機作為一項能人工替代自主通氣功能的有效手段,已普遍用於各種原因所致的呼吸衰竭、大手術期間的麻醉呼吸管理、呼吸支持治療和急救復甦中,在現代醫學領域內佔有十分重要的位置。呼吸機是一種能夠起到預防和治療呼吸衰竭,減少併發症,挽救及延長病人生命的至關重要的醫療設備。
按照與患者的連接方式分為:
無創呼吸機:呼吸機通過面罩與患者連接
有創呼吸機:呼吸機通過氣管插管連接到患者
What is respiratory machine?
Mechanical ventilation, assisted ventilation or intermittent mandatory ventilation (IMV), is the medical term for using a machine called a ventilator to fully or partially provide artificial ventilation. Mechanical ventilation helps move air into and out of the lungs, with the main goal of helping the delivery of oxygen and removal of carbon dioxide. Mechanical ventilation is used for many reasons, including to protect the airway due to mechanical or neurologic cause, to ensure adequate oxygenation, or to remove excess carbon dioxide from the lungs. Various healthcare providers are involved with the use of mechanical ventilation and people who require ventilators are typically monitored in an intensive care unit.
Mechanical ventilation is termed invasive if it involves an instrument to create an airway that is placed inside the trachea. This can be achieved with many instruments, most commonly through an endotracheal tube. Face or nasal masks are used for non-invasive ventilation in appropriately selected people who are conscious.
The two main types of mechanical ventilation include positive pressure ventilation where air is pushed into the lungs through the airways, and negative pressure ventilation where air is pulled into the lungs. There are many specific modes of mechanical ventilation, and their nomenclature has been revised over the decades as the technology has continually developed.
如何消毒呼吸機
1 平時加強對呼吸機的清理,外殼最好每天使用軟布擦淨。
2 空氣濾網每48-72小時就要用清水洗淨表面塵埃後,再用力甩干或烘乾;或者用吸塵器吸盡灰塵,然後放回原位。
3 呼吸機內部感測器、壓縮機、電路板是特殊電子零件,不能用水沖洗也不能用消毒液浸泡,以免損壞其性能,因而需在廠家售後人員指導下用70%的酒精棉球十分小心地輕輕擦乾淨。
4 凡是聯接於患者與呼吸機之間的各螺紋管、聯接管、接頭、濕化器呼氣瓣和鼻罩等均應每天徹底清潔消毒。
5 如果太忙,可以使用一些專業的呼吸機消毒產品,它可以同時對呼吸機內外同時進行消毒,簡單快捷。
How to disinfect Ventilator?
1. Strengthen the cleaning of the ventilator at ordinary times. It is best to clean the casing with a soft cloth every day.
2. The air filter should be washed with clean water every 48-72 hours, and then dried or dried; or use a vacuum cleaner to absorb the dust, and then put it back in place.
3. The internal sensor, compressor, and circuit board of the ventilator are special electronic parts. They cannot be washed with water or soaked in disinfectant to avoid damage to their performance. Therefore, 70% alcohol cotton balls should be used under the guidance of the manufacturer's after-sales personnel. Wipe gently and very carefully.
4. All threaded pipes, connecting pipes, joints, humidifier exhalation valves and nasal masks connected between the patient and the ventilator should be thoroughly cleaned and disinfected every day.
5. If you are too busy, you can use some professional ventilator disinfection products, which can disinfect the inside and outside of the ventilator at the same time, which is simple and fast.
呼吸機配件的護理
護理及清潔不同牌子配件的步驟都有分別,應參照製造商的產品說明書。
呼吸機配件的護理時間及護理方法
鼻罩/全面罩
每天
- 用已稀釋的清潔液及清水清洗。
- 然後在陰涼地方掛起風乾。
- 待乾透後才使用。
頭帶及接駁喉管
每星期
- 用已稀釋的清潔液及清水清洗。
- 然後在陰涼地方掛起風乾。
- 待乾透後才使用。
濕化器
每天
- 為減低感染退伍軍人病的機會,濕化器只可使用無菌水,(不要使用蒸餾水或來自水龍頭的食水)。 無菌水在本港大部分的 藥房均有出售。
- 每日要替換貯水瓶內的無菌水。
- 切勿讓濕化器的貯水瓶儲存積水。傾倒後,抹乾貯水瓶的所 有表面,並且注入新的無菌水。
定期
- 應按照製造商的指示定期清潔及保養。清潔或消毒後,應用 無菌水或煮沸後剛冷卻的食水沖洗。
呼吸機
定期
- 先拔掉電源,用沾上溫和清潔液的布清潔呼吸機的外殼。
- 待機身完全乾透後,才可接駁電源。
隔塵網
定期
- 遵照製造商的指示定期清潔或更換。