Glossary List

TERMINOLOGY

1.) Corrections: The various methods of incarceration, parole and probation, by which society deals with convicted offenders. 

2.) Continuum Repetition: The act of repeating unhealthy or unproductive behaviors that do not produce a positive outcome without gaining personal insight about the repetitive nature of the repeated behaviors.

3.) Detachment: The act of disengaging or separating from something painful and leaving it behind. This could be a family member, a lover or an emotional state. 

4.) Education: The act or process of imparting or acquiring general knowledge, developing the powers of reason, judgement and other skills for involvement in a future profession. The process by which one earns a degree or advanced degree in a university setting. 

5.) Empathy: This is defined as the ability to recognize emotions that are being experienced by another sentient being, either human or animal. Empathy involves being able to put yourself in another person's situation, and empathy may be required before being able to experience accurate sympathy or compassion for others. 

6.) Entitlement:  Is defined as a right to benefits specified especially by law or contract.

7.) Free Writes: A time set aside by an instructor, generally a writing instructor, in which the participants of the class or workshop are given narrow and flexible perimeters and encouraged to write about whatever they would like to focus on. Most free writers last between 15-30 minutes. 

8.)  Forgiveness: Forgiveness is the renunciation or cessation of resentment, indignation or anger and as a result of perceived offense, disagreement, or a mistake. It is also a ceasing to demand punishment or restitution. The Oxford English Dictionary defines forgiveness as "to grant free pardon and to give up all claim on account of an offence or debt." Forgiveness may be considered in terms of the person one forgives and that includes forgiving oneself. In most contexts, forgiveness is granted without any expectation of restorative justice and without any response on the part of the offender. The person who is forgiven may be incommunicado or even dead. 

9.) Gender: The sex of an individual male or female, based on reproductive anatomy, or one's perception of sexual identity, in relation to society or culture. 

10.) Gentle Personalism: The spirit of gentle personalism is defined in the belief that all people have dignity and deserve to be treated with sincere respect for their individuality and the uniqueness of their personal experiences and that which may define them. 

11.)  Inmate: A person who is confined in a prison or a hospital, generally against their will or desire. 

12.) Intervention: To become involved in an issue, (such as a conflict) in order to have an influence on the final outcome. 

13.) Jail: A building designated or regularly used for the confinement of individuals who are sentenced for minor crimes or who are unable to gain release on bail and are in custody awaiting trial.

14.) Parole: The conditional release of a person from prison prior to the end of the maximum sentence imposed.

15.) Psychological Projection: This was conceptualized by Sigmund Freud in the 1890's as a defense mechanism in which a person unconsciously rejects his or her own unacceptable attributes by ascribing them to objects or persons in the outside world. For example, a person who is rude may accuse other people of being rude.

16.) Rational choice theory: The idea that people generally act in their self-interest and make decisions to commit crime after weighing the potential risks (including getting caught and punished) against the rewards.

17.) Reentry: The process by which penal institutions and other government agencies assist the formerly incarcerated prison inmate back into society at large and into a residential community. 

18.) Recidivism: The phenomenon of offenders relapsing into criminal behavior after an initial cycle of arrest, conviction, and punishment.

19.)  Re-incarceration: To send back. A higher court may "remand" a case to a lower court so that the lower court will take a certain action ordered by the higher court. A prisoner who is remanded into custody is sent back to prison subsequent to a preliminary hearing before a tribunal or magistrate until the hearing is resumed, or the trial is commenced.

20.) Rehabilitation: Is commonly considered to be the rehabilitation of a criminal, who engages in criminal behavior.

21.) Resources: A resource is a source or supply from which benefit is produced. Typically resources are materials, money, services, staff, or other assets that are transformed to produce benefit and in the process may be consumed or made unavailable to people for consumption. 

22.) Rubric: A Rubric is a tool teachers and most college instructors use to assess performance in a variety of ways. The meaning of the educational term is "a standard of performance for a defined population." In most cases Rubrics are used to show the manner that various sections of a written paper have been achieved or not. 

23.) Self Esteem: The most widely accepted definition of self esteem is that of Nathaniel Branden, who defines healthy self-esteem as "the disposition to experience oneself as competent to cope with life's challenges and being worthy of happiness." (1994) This definition implies not only being worthy of respect, but also as having the basic skills and competencies required to be successful in life.

24.) Self Reflection: A meditation or serious thought about one's character, actions, and motives that can begin discussion or writing, arriving at higher levels of former insight into personal awareness. 

25.) Writing Prompts: An assignment or set of instructions for an essay, but generally a selection of leading sentences used to begin a creative free write.