Neolatioglossi
Neolatioglossi (NLG) is a Neo-Latin constructed language developed from 2016 to 2020 by Xavi Abadia, alias Xabadiar, who studied psychology at the Universitat Oberta de Catalunya. After several morphological arrangements have been tried (this conlang has mutated so many times), this is the present picture:
Influences: NLG is influenced mainly by Peano’s Interlingua (1903) and Michaux's Interlingua (AKA Romanal (1912)), as well as Rosenberger’s Idiom Neutral (1902), Jespersen’s Novial (1928), Hogden’s Interglossa (1943), Brown's Loglan (1960), and Romániço (1991).
The vocabulary is basically taken from Latin, not only Classical, but also Vulgar Latin, Late Latin, Medieval Latin, Modern Latin, and Contemporary or ‘Wikipedia Latin’. While Interglossa’s lexicon was approximately half Greek and half Latin, the amount of Greek lexicon in neo-latio-glossi is lower. To name a few examples: glossi ‘language’, bibli ‘book’, dáktili ‘finger’, psiki ‘mind’, zoi ‘animal’, kardi ‘heart’, dermi ‘skin’, hépati ‘liver’.
Stress rules: Most words are stressed on the vowel (or diphthong) just before the last consonant: fini ‘end’, finio ‘final’, ama ‘love’.
*When there is no last consonant, the stress is simply on the first vowel: di ‘day’, duo ‘two’.
Since many Latin words are proparoxytone (arboris, facilis, camera, corporis, femina, hominis, liberus, nominis, numerus, oculus, temporis, etc.), we may indicate the irregular stress with a written accent: árbori ‘tree’, fácilo ‘easy’, cámeri ‘room’, kórpori ‘body’, fémini ‘woman’, hómini ‘person’, líbero ‘free’, nómini ‘name’, númeri ‘number’, ókuli ‘eye’, témpori ‘time’, etc.
Unstressed grammatical particles end in u: ilu (definite article), du ‘of’, etc.
NLG uses the standard Roman alphabet of 26 letters. They sound like the corresponding symbols of the International Phonetic Alphabet except the letters c /tʃ/, j /ʒ/, q /kw/, x /ks/, y /j/:
a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j, k, l, m, n, o, p, q, r, s, t, u, v, w, x, y, z.
A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, S, T, U, V, W, X, Y, Z.
The capital letters, which are used in acronyms as explained below, may be pronounced /ai, bi, tʃi, di, ei, fi, gi, hi, ii, ʒi, ki, li, mi, ni, oi, pi, kwi, ri, si, ti, ui, vi, wi, ksi, ji, zi/. For example, the acronym DNA would be pronounced /dini'ai/.
*Click here to see IPA's consonants chart.
CONSONANTS:
Nouns are generally taken from the Latin root as seen in the genitive: anni ‘year’, aqi ‘water’, auri ‘gold’, braci ‘arm’, di ‘day’, domi ‘house’, faci ‘face’, famili ‘family’, fili ‘son or daughter’, fini ‘end’, fluvi ‘river’, frukti ‘fruit’, hori ‘hour’, igni ‘fire’, eqi/kaballi ‘horse’, kapilli ‘hair’, katti ‘cat’, klavi ‘key’, lakti ‘milk’, legi ‘law’, leoni ‘lion’, lupi ‘wolf’, mani ‘hand’, matri ‘mother’, muri ‘wall’, nasi ‘nose’, ori ‘mouth’, ovi ‘egg’, paci ‘peace’, pani ‘bread’, parti ‘part’, patri ‘father’, pekuni ‘money’, pluvi ‘rain’, sexi ‘sex’, stelli ‘star’, urbi ‘city’, vi ‘way’, wiri ‘man’; kasei ‘cheese’, koffei ‘coffee’, nuklei ‘nucleous’, olei ‘oil’; aurikli ‘ear’, mensi ‘month’, ovikli ‘sheep’, lingui ‘tongue’; etc.
A few nouns may keep the nominative form to get different from another one: musi ‘mouse’.
Rare cases: dei ‘god’, rei ‘thing’, etc.
The plural may be indicated with plu (from L plures ‘several’) like in Interglossa: plu kani ‘dogs’. But the plural is usually indicated by some number or quantifier: cinqo kani ‘five dogs’, multo kani ‘many dogs’.
Pronouns end in i: mei ‘I, me’, tei ‘you’ (sg.), lei ‘he/she’, mai ‘he,’ (from L masculus), fei ‘she,’ (from L feminea); idi ‘it,’ lit. ‘the thing’, id ‘it’ (a fact), nosi ‘we, us’, vosi ‘you’ (pl.), lori ‘they’, homi ‘one’ (F. on, Ca. hom); relative pronouns (unstressed): keu; interrogative pronouns: qo homi (‘who?’), qidi (‘what?’); qid (‘what (fact)?’); zero homi (‘noone, nobody’), zero rei (‘nothing’); omno homi (‘everyone, everybody’), omno rei (‘everything, all’).
*A 3rd person pronoun is usually an ambiguous word, and so is NLG’s lei ‘he/she’. Loglan tried to solve this issue by having: da ‘a 1st he/she/it’, de ‘a 2nd he/she/it’, di ‘a 3rd he/she/it’, do ‘a 4th he/she/it’, du ‘a 5th he/she/it’. Probably a better solution is to favour the use of the article with its noun instead of an ambiguous pronoun.
The definite article is unstressed: ilu domi ‘the house’ /ilu'domi/, ilu plu domi ‘the houses’ /iluplu'domi/.
Verbs end in a, in the form of the 1st person of the present): vola ‘fly’, videa ‘see’, vada ‘go’, kapia ‘take’, dormia ‘sleep’, volea ‘want’ (from Vulgar Latin), possa ‘can’ (from L possum), sa ‘be’ (from L sum).
Primary adjectives end in o: bono ‘good’, malo ‘bad’;
Secondary adjectives end in io orio ‘oral’, annio ‘yearly’.
Possessive adjectives end in u, so there’s no need to add the article: meu ‘my’, teu ‘your’ (sg.), leu ‘his/her/its’, nosu ‘our’, vosu‘your’ (pl.), loru ‘their’. meu bibli ‘My book’.
Primary adverbs end in e: hike ‘here’, ibe ‘there’, intre ‘inside’, extre ‘outside’, supre ‘above’, infre ‘below’, nunce ‘now’, tunce ‘then’, sémpere ‘always’, ite ‘so, like this’, ubiqe ‘everywhere’.
Adverbs from adjectives follow the “adverb-introducer” mode (from L modus ‘mode’, which is a component of L quomodus ‘how’): mode lento ‘slowly’, mode finio ‘finally’.
Prepositions end in u: adu ‘to, towards’, antu ‘before’, du ‘of’, dumu ‘during’, exu ‘from’, interu ‘among, between’, inu ‘in, on, at’, juxtu ‘next to, beside’, kontru ‘against’, konu ‘with’, peru ‘by’, peu ‘by’ (passive agent), poru ‘for’ and pu ‘to’ (dative), postu ‘after’, sinu ‘without’, subtu ‘under’, supru ‘over’, transu ‘through’.
Conjunctions end in u as well: autu ‘or, either’, etu ‘and’, qandu ‘when’, qaru ‘because’, sedu ‘but’, siu ‘if’, ubu ‘where’, etc.
The numbers in neo-latio-glossi from 0 to 9: 0 zero, 1 mono, 2 duo, 3 trio, 4 qatro, 5 cinqo, 6 sexo, 7 septo, 8 okto, 9 novo. They will be written as digits inside formulae (H2O, CO2), proper nouns (R2P2, C3P2), etc.
From 10, numbers will be written as the international digits, and formed quite easily, like in Interglossa; just remember that deko is a final zero, cento is a final double zero, and kilo is a final triple zero. (Yet you might express it with [-zero], [-zero-zero], and [-zero-zero-zero] as well.)
10 [mono-deko (or: mono-zero)], 11 [mono-mono], 12 [mono-duo], 13 [mono-trio], 14 [mono-qatro], 15 [mono-cinqo], 16 [mono-sexo], 17 [mono-septo], 18 [mono-okto], 19 [mono-novo],
20 [duo-deko (or: duo-zero)], 21 [duo-mono], 22 [duo-duo], 23 [duo-trio], 24 [duo-qatro], 25 [duo-cinqo], 26 [duo-sexo], 27 [duo-septo], 28 [duo-okto], 29 [duo-novo],
30 [trio-deko (or: trio-zero)], 31 [trio-mono], 32 [trio-duo], 33 [trio-trio], 34 [trio-qatro], 35 [trio-cinqo], 36 [trio-sexo], 37 [trio-septo], 38 [trio-okto], 39 [trio-novo],
40 [qatro-deko (or: qatro-zero)], 41 [qatro-mono], 42 [qatro-duo], 43 [qatro-trio], 44 [qatro-qatro], 45 [qatro-cinqo], 46 [qatro-sexo], 47 [qatro-septo], 48 [qatro-okto], 49 [qatro-novo],
50 [cinqo-deko (or: cinqo-zero)], 51 [cinqo-mono], 52 [cinqo-duo], 53 [cinqo-trio], 54 [cinqo-qatro], 55 [cinqo-cinqo], 56 [cinqo-sexo], 57 [cinqo-septo], 58 [cinqo-okto], 59 [cinqo-novo],
60 [sexo-deko (or: sexo-zero)], 61 [sexo-mono], 62 [sexo-duo], 63 [sexo-trio], 64 [sexo-qatro], 65 [sexo-cinqo], 66 [sexo-sexo], 67 [sexo-septo], 68 [sexo-okto], 69 [sexo-novo],
70 [septo-deko (or: septo-zero)], 71 [septo-mono], 72 [septo-duo], 73 [septo-trio], 74 [septo-qatro], 75 [septo-cinqo], 76 [septo-sexo], 77 [septo-septo], 78 [septo-okto], 79 [septo-novo],
80 [okto-deko (or: okto-zero)], 81 [okto-mono], 82 [okto-duo], 83 [okto-trio], 84 [okto-qatro], 85 [okto-cinqo], 86 [okto-sexo], 87 [okto-septo], 88 [okto-okto], 89 [okto-novo],
90 [novo-deko (or: novo-zero)], 91 [novo-mono], 92 [novo-duo], 93 [novo-trio], 94 [novo-qatro], 95 [novo-cinqo], 96 [novo-sexo], 97 [novo-septo], 98 [novo-okto], 99 [novo-novo],
100 [mono-cento (or: mono-zero-zero)], 101 [mono-zero-mono], 102 [mono-zero-duo], 103 [mono-zero-trio], 104 [mono-zero-qatro], 105 [mono-zero-cinqo], 106 [mono-zero-sexo], 107 [mono-zero-septo], 108 [mono-zero-okto], 109 [mono-zero-novo],
110 [mono-mono-deko (or: mono-mono-zero)], 11a [mono-mono-mono], …
200 [duo-cento] (or: duo-zero-zero), … 300 [trio-cento (or: trio-zero-zero)], … 400 [qatro-cento (or: qatro-zero-zero)], … 500 [cinqo-cento (or: cinqo-zero-zero)], … 600 [sexo-cento (or: sexo-zero-zero)], … 700 [septo-cento (or: septo-zero-zero)], … 800 [okto-cento (or: okto-zero-zero)], … 900 [novo-cento (or: novo-zero-zero)], …
1000 [mono-kilo (or: mono-zero-zero-zero)], 1001 [mono-zero-zero-mono], 1002 [mono-zero-zero-duo], …
2000 [duo-kilo (or: duo-zero-zero-zero)], 2001 [duo-zero-zero-mono], 2002 [duo-zero-zero-duo], …
You may express a number with etu ‘and’ inside: trio-cento etu sexo-cinqo (literally ‘300 and 65’) = trio-sexo-cinqo (365); mono-kilo etu duo-cinqo-deko (literally ‘1000 and 250’) = mono-duo-cinqo-deko (1250); anni mono-novo-okto-qatro ‘the year 1984’; anni duo-kilo etu duo-deko ‘the year 2020’.
Decimals are expressed with etu and deci-: 3.15159 [trio etu deci-mono-cinqo-mono-cinqo-novo].
Examples: di habea 24 [duo-qatro] hori ‘Day has twenty four hours’; anni sólito habea 365 [trio-sexo-cinqo] di ‘Usual year has 365 days’. The ordinal is expressed with ordo- (from L ordo -inis): decembri sa mensi ordo-mono-duo du anni ‘December is the twelfth month of year’.
The clock time may be expressed with the special preposition kronu (from Gr kronos): kronu septo (= kronu hori ordo-septo) ‘at seven’, kronu septo trio-deko ‘at seven thirty’.
The days of the month may be expressed with diu (from L dies): diu septo (= inu di ordo-septo).
The days of the week: lun-di, mar-di, merkur-di, jov-di, vener-di, satur-di, sol-di. Saturday and Sunday preserve the classic Latin astrological terms (as preserved today in English.)
Quantifiers end in o: pauko ‘few’, multo ‘many’, omno ‘all, every’, pluso ‘more’, mino ‘fewer’, etc.
In this conlang, capital letters will appear basically in acronyms, as well as chemical formulae, etc.
Like in Loglan/Lojban, proper nouns will be written in lowercase, and will be preceded by the special article lu (equivalent to Loglan’s and Lojban’s la). Proper nouns may end in any vowel or consonant, but they usually end in i:
lu soli ‘the Sun’, lu luni ‘the Moon’, lu terri ‘the Earth’, lu mundi ‘the World’, lu marti ‘Mars’ (or: planeti lu marti), lu universi ‘the Universe’, lu lakti-vi ‘the Milky Way’, (urbi) lu berlin ‘(city of) Berlin’, lu italio-landi ‘Italy’, lu franco-landi ‘France’, lu ispano-landi ‘Spain’; lu zamenhof, lu merkel; lu esperanto, lu interglossa, lu franco-glossi ‘French (language)’; lu plu beatles ‘the Beatles’.
As we’ll see below in our translation of ‘Le petit prince’, the narration refers not to ilu mikro príncipi ‘the little prince’ and ilu vulpi ‘the fox’, but already to lu mikro-príncipi and lu vulpi, with the special article.
The negative is expressed with ne, from Latin ne: mei ne eda karni. ‘I don’t eat meat.’
In NLG the syntactical structure by default is SV (Subject + Verb), or SVO (Subject + Verb + Object): mei biba vini ‘I drink wine’. The structure OVS may be expressed as a passive expression (explained later).
This conlang will avoid polysemy: every word will have one meaning: lingui ‘tongue’ (anatomy), glossi ‘language’; psiki ‘mind’, mentoni ‘chin’; muri ‘wall’, musi ‘mouse’; janui ‘door’, porti ‘port’.
Compound words: We have already seen lakti-vi (= vi laktio); lekti-cámeri /lekti'tʃameri/ ‘bedroom’, koqa-cámeri /kokwa'tʃameri/ ‘kitchen’, lit. ‘cook room’, pomi-árbori /pomi'arbori/ ‘apple-tree’, eleva-macini (= macini keu eleva) ‘elevator’. The written hyphen inside compound words make the language more clear at sight.
As already said, primary adjectives take the form of the Latin root as seen in the genitive, and add a final o: bono ‘good’, malo ‘bad’, grando ‘big’, pejoro ‘worse’, minoro ‘minor’; secondary adjectives end in io: manio ‘manual’, matrio ‘maternal’, finio‘final’.
Abstract qualities are a very special kind of nouns, so they deserve a special ending: -or from the Latin suffix -or seen in calor -ōris ‘heat’, frīgus -oris ‘cold’, etc. (Ca -or, F -eur): liberor, eqor, fraternor ‘‘liberté, egalité, fraternité’.
The comparative is formed with mage ‘more’ and mine ‘less’, as well as tame ‘as’ (from L tam), followed by qamu ‘than, as’.
The superlative is formed with maxe ‘most’, and maxe-mine ‘least’.
As already explained, verbs end in a: vola ‘fly’, videa ‘see’, vada ‘go’, kapia ‘take’, dormia ‘sleep’, volea ‘want’, fia ‘become’.
Latin deponent verbs are taken as active verbs, according to Vulgar Latin: naska ‘be born’.
The infinitive ends in ar, like in Idiom Neutral: sar autu ne sar ‘to be or not to be’.
The dative is expressed with the particle pu (‘for’, from L pro, VL por, F pour): pu mei, pu tei, pu lei, pu nosi, pu vosi, pu lori.
Both the past and the perfect tense are expressed with the special particle pre (from L prae) before the verb, just like Interglossa’s pre: mei pre dormia ‘I slept, I have slept’. Hobgen agreed with Peano that there is no need to complicate things with two different kinds of past (recent and remote). An eventual adverb will indicate how recent or remote the past is: hodie mei pre biba multo cervisi, ‘today I have drank a lot of beer.’
The pluperfect is expressed with pre pre, like in Interglossa: mei pre pre dormia pauko hori ‘I had slept few hours’.
The future tense is expressed with the auxiliary ve like Novial’s ve, from L vado -ere (> French va ‘goes, gonna’). lei ve venia ‘he/she will come’.
The future perfect is expressed with the double auxiliary ve pre: mei ve pre venia ‘I will have come’.
Continuous tenses are expressed with the auxiliary verb sta (from L sto -are) plus the gerund, as seen among Romance languages: lei sta lektan ‘he/she is reading.’
The nouns of verbal actions are a very special kind of nouns, so they deserve a special ending: -aj from the Romance suffix -age in its French pronunciation (I -aggio, F -age, S -aje, P -agem, Ca Oc -atge): nuntiaj ‘announcement’, adveniaj ‘arrival’, usaj ‘usage’.
Abstract qualities are compounded words ending in or: liberor, eqor, fraternor ‘liberté, egalité, fraternité’.
The passive participle end in ad: amad ‘loved’, fakiad ‘done’, videad ‘seen’.
The passive verb is expressed with fia (from L fior -eri ‘to become’) plus the participle: ilu bibli fia skribad peu mei ‘the book is written by me’.
The gerund ends in an: biban ‘drinking’, kurran ‘running’.
The conditional is expressed with posse: mei posse venia ‘I would come’. In contrast, ‘can, may’ is potea, and ‘maybe’ is forse.
Questions are expressed with qo ‘what, which’ and qe (for yes/no questions), from Latin quis quae quid: qe tei fuma? ‘Do you smoke?’; se ‘yes’ (si is usual among Romance languages, from L sic ‘thus’); ne ‘no’; tei pre fakia qo rei? ‘what have you done?’ Remember to keep the SVO structure, as usual in French: ‘tu as fait quoi?’; qande tei ve venia? ‘when will you come?’; ube tei labora? (from L ubi) ‘where do you work?’
The imperative is expressed with te, in contrast with tei ‘you’ (sing.), both from Latin tu: te kavea kani ‘Cave canem’.
The vocative is expressed with te as well, as it is like a special imperative indeed (‘hear!’): te mediko-pei, te kura tei ipso ‘Medice, cura te ipsum’.
The subjunctive is not so important in this conlang, but if necessary for literal translations, it may be expressed with the particle ju before the pronoun, from L subjunctivus, I congiuntivo: ju lei venia Veniat, ‘he/she come’.
I am currently developing a VOCABULARY, based on the vocabulary of Peano’s Interlingua (1915) and a few other sources:
The Wikipedia (especially the Latin Vicipaedia)
The Oxford English Mini Dictionary
The Dictionary of Romaniczo (a former version which included translations to English, French, Spanish, Italian, Portuguese, German, Danish, Dutch, Swedish, Esperanto, Ido, and Gode’s Interlingua).
The Diczionàrio Neolatino by Bruno Zani (Neolatino, Italian, Catalan, Spanish, Portuguese, French, Romanian, Occitan, English)
I have tested this conlang by doing a few translations from these languages:
Latin
Amicitia, quae desinere potest, vera nunquam fuit.
Audentes fortuna iuvat.
Auscultare disce, si nescis loqui.
Cave canem.
Docendo discitur.
Errare humanum est.’
Habet praeteriti doloris secura recordatio delectationem.
Hodie mihi, cras tibi.
In nomine patris et filii et spiritus sancti.
Inops, dum vult imitari potentem, perit.
Libertas est potestas faciendi id quod iure licet.
Longum iter per praecepta, breve et efficax per exempla.
Medice, cura te ipsum.
Melius homines exemplis docentur.
Mens sana in corpore sano.
Multos timere debet, quem multi timent.
Non latrat frustra vetulus canis et sine causa.
Nulla poena sine lege.
Qui dare vult aliis, non debet dicere “vultis”?
Qui multum habet, plus cupit.
Non qui parum habet, sed qui plus cupit pauper est.
Quid faciunt leges, ubi sola pecunia regnat?
Responsio mollis frangit iram.
Salus populi suprema lex esto.
Senex homo bonum signum in domo.
Sine sole, sileo.
Sol omnebus lucet.
Sum quod eris, fui quod es.
Timeo hominem unius libri.
Quisquis amat valeat! Pereat qui nescit amare! Bis tanto pereat quisquis amare vetat!
NLG
amikor keu possa desinar, nunqe pre sa vero.
fortuni juva ilu audea-pei.
te apprenda auskultar, siu tei ne noska loqar.
te kavea kani.
dokean, fia apprendad.
errar sa humano.
rekordaj sekuro du doleaj pretérito habea delektaj.
hodie pu mei, krase pu tei.
inu nómini du patri etu du fili etu du spíriti sankto.
qandu inopio-pei volea imitar poto-pei, lei perea.
liberor sa potestati du fakiar qidu lica peru juri.
vi longo peru precepti, brevo etu effikaco peru exempli.
te mediko-pei, te kura tei ipso.
homi fia dokead mode melioro peru exempli.
psiki sano inu kórpori sano.
qisu fia timead peu multo homi, debea timear multo homi.
kani seno ne latra mode frustro etu sinu kausi.
zero poeni sinu legi.
qisu volea donar pu altro-pei, ne debea dicar: qe tei volea?
qisu habea multo rei, kupia pluso.
ne qisu habea pauko rei, sedu qisu kupia pluso, sa páupero.
legi fakia qo rei, ubu sole pekuni rega?
respondeaj mollo franga iri.
sanor du pópuli ju sa legi máximo.
hómini seno, signi bono inu domi.
sinu lu soli, mei silea.
lu soli dona luci pu omno homi.
mei sa qisu tei ve sa; mei pre sa qisu tei sa.
mei timea hómini du mono bibli.
qisu ama, ju sa sano!
qisu neskia amar, ju peria!
qisu veta amar, ju moria duo vici!
Latin
Canis per fluvium carnem ferens.
Amittit meritò proprium, qui alienum appetit.
Canis, per flumen carnem dum ferret natans,
lympharum in speculo vidit simulacrum suum,
Aliamque prædam ab alio deferri putans, eripere voluit;
Verùm decepta aviditas;
et, quem tenebat ore, dimisit cibum,
nec quem petebat potuit adeò attingere.
Langue Isly, AKA Linguum Islianum (1901)
Canus ferans carnum per fluvium.
Cujus appetat bonum alienum, amittat merito proprium bonum.
Canus dum ferabat carnum, natans per fluminum,
videavit suum simulacrum in speculo lymphorum,
Putans altrum praedum ferari ab altro cano, volivit eripiare;
Verum aviditatum suum decipiatum fuit.
Dimittavit cibum cujum teneabat oro,
et adeo non possavit attingare cujum petabat.
French
Chien traversant la rivière avec un morceau de viande.
Celui qui convoite le bien d’autrui perd justement son propre bien.
Un chien portant de la viande, traversait á la nage un cours d’eau,
Il vit son image dans le miroir de l’onde limpide;
et se figurant que c’etait un autre chien qui portait une autre proie, il voulut la lui arracher;
Mais son avidité fut déçue.
Il lâcha le morceau qu’il tenait dans la gueule,
et ne put en outre atteindre celui qu’il désirait.
NLG
kani portan karni peru fluvi.
qisu kupia boni alieno, perda boni proprio konu mériti.
mono kani, natan inu fluvi, dumu qandu pre porta karni,
pre videa leu imágini inu spékuli du aqi;
putan ku altro predi fia portad peu altro kani, pre volea rapiar ilu predi;
sedu leu avidor pre fia decipiad.
lei pre dimitta cibi keu lei pre tenea inu ori,
etu ne pre possa attingar idi pre fia kupiad peu lei.
Latin
Pater noster, qui es in caelis, sanctificetur nomen tuum. Adveniat regnum tuum. Fiat voluntas tua, sicut in caelo, et in terra. Panem nostrum da nobis hodie, et dimitte nobis debita nostra, sicut et nos dimittimus debitoribus nostris. Et ne nos inducas in tentationem, ma libera nos a malo.
Interglossa (1943)
Na Parenta in Urani: Na dicte volo; tu Nomino gene revero; Plus tu Crati habe accido; plus u Demo acte harmono tu Tendo epi Geo homo in Urani. Na dicte petitio: tu date plu di Pani a Na; plus tu acte pardo plu malo Acte de Na; metro Na acte pardo Mu; Su acte malo de Na. Peti tu non acte dirigo Na a plu malo Offero; Hetero, tu date libero Na apo Malo.
NLG
nosu patri, keu sa inu celi, teu nómini ju fia sankto.
teu regaj ju venia.
teu voleaj ju fia, utu inu celi, ete inu terri.
te dona hodie pani pu nosi, etu te dimitta nosu débiti, utu ete nosi dimitta nosu debita-pei.
etu te ne duca nosi inu tentaj malo, sedu te líbera nosi exu malor.
Interglossa (1943)
Causo mi volo date prospecto u gene logo de interglossa pro tu; mi pre acte grapho u bibli; plus mi esthe espero; plu pe acte lecto re.
Because I want to show you the way to learn Interglossa, I have written this book, and I hope (that) some people will read it.
NLG
qaru mei volea monstrar pu vosi qome apprendar lu interglossa, mei pre skriba isto bibli, etu mei spera ku homi lekta idi.
Pinth's Interlingua, AKA Semilatino (1912)
Multe latinistas deplora, quod in Interlingua discordia existe saepe inter gener de substantivo et de adjectivo; exemplo « nostro lingua ». Per sequente regulas iste discordia evanesce.
1. In adjectivos de declination secunde latin, finales -o et -a de ablativo fi mutate ad il finale neutrale -e, que es litera final de vocativo latin. [...]
2. Adjectivos de tertie declination recipi semper il final -e de ablativo.
3. Ut numero de finales -e non fia nimis grande, uno pote omitter iste final in substantivos et adjectivos, si, post omission, vocabulos fini per un de liquide consonantes -l, -m, -n aut -r, et tunc habe un vocal tanquam litera penultime.
Gode's Interlingua (1951)
Multe latinistas deplora, que in Interlingua [1912] discordia existe frequentemente inter genere de substantivo e de adjectivo; p. ex. « nostro lingua ». Per le sequente regulas iste discordia evanesce.
1. In adjectivos del declination secunde latin, le finales -o e -a de ablativo es mutate al final neutral -e, que es le litera final del vocativo latin. [...]
2. Adjectivos del tertie declination recipi semper le final -e de ablativo.
3. A fin que le numero de finales -e non deveni nimis grande, uno pote omitter iste final in substantivos e adjectivos, si, post omission, vocabulos fini per un del liquide consonantes -l, -m, -n o -r, e tunc habe un vocal como litera penultime.
NLG
multo latinisto-pei deplora ku inu lu interlingua (1912) diskordaj exista saepe interu géneri du substantivi etu adjektivi;
exemple, ilu duo vokábuli « nostro lingua ».
peru seqento normi, diskordaj vaneska.
1. inu plu adjektivi du deklinaj latino ordo-duo, fini “-o” etu “-a” du ablativi fia kambiad adu fini neutro “-e”, keu sa ilu lítteri finio du vokativi latino. [...]
2. plu adjektivi du deklinaj ordo-trio recipia sémpere fini “-e” du ablativi.
3. pu ku númeri du fini “-e” ne fia nimie grando, possa omittar isto fini inu plu substantivi etu plu adjektivi, siu, postu omittar, plu vokábuli finia peru konsonanti líqido, “-l, -m, -n” o “-r”, etu tunce habea vokali utu lítteri penúltimo.
Universal Glot (1868)
Men senior,
I sende evos un gramatik e un verb-bibel de un nuov glot nomed universal glot.
In futur i skriptrai evos semper in dit glot.
I pregate evos responden ad me in dit self glot.
I salve evos kordlit.
NLG
meu seniori,
mei mitta adu tei grammari etu léxiki du neo glossi lu universal-glot.
inu futuro témpori, mei ve skriba pu tei sémpere inu isto glossi.
mei preka ju tei responda pu mei inu ipso glossi.
mei saluta tei mode kardio.
Idiom Neutral (1903)
Skribasion in idiom neutral don profiti sekuant in komparasion ko kelkun lingu nasional:
1. Libri e broshuri sientifik publiked in ist idiom potes esar lekted per omnehom in original,
2. traduksion no plu es nesesar,
3. ili avero sirkl multe plu grand de lektatori, e tekause
4. ili potes esar imprimed in kuantitet plu grand de eksemplari; ergo
5. ili potes esar vended a pris plu minim, e
6. profit material de editor (respektive de autor) esero plu grand.
Idiom neutral es usabl no sole pro skribasion, ma et pro parlasion;
sikause in kongres sekuant internasional de medisinisti mi av intension usar ist idiom pro mie raport di maladitet “lupus” e mi esper esar komprended per omne medisinisti present.
Publikasion de idiom neutral interesero et votr filio, kel kolekt postmarki, kause ist idiom es lingu praktikal pro korespondad ko kolektatori in otr landi.
Ko respekt grand e ko saluti kordial mi rest
Votr serv leplu devot
F.
NLG
skribaj inu lu idiom-neutral dona profikiaj seqento, komparad konu plu glossi nationio:
1. plu bibli etu plu opúskuli skientio editad konu isto glossi, possa fiar lektad peu omno homi qamu oríginio,
2. traducaj jame ne sa necesso,
3. lori rei ve habea církuli multe majoro du plu lektori, etu proptu id,
4. lori rei possa fiar imprimad inu qantor majoro du plu kopi; erge,
5. lori rei possa fiar vendad konu preti minoro, etu
6. profikiaj du materi du plu edita-pei (mode respektivo du auktori) ve sa majoro.
lu idiom-neutral possa fiar usad ne sole pu skribar, sedu etu pu loqar;
proptu id, inu kongressi seqento internationio du plu mediko-pei, mei habea skopi du usar isto glossi pu meu reportaj du lupi-morbi, etu mei spera fiar intelligad peu omno medika-pei presento.
publikaj du lu idiom-neutral ve interessa ete teu fili, keu kolliga plu posti-pittaci, namu isto glossi sa práktiko pu korrespondenti postio konu plu kolligo-pei inu plu terri altro.
konu respektaj grando etu konu plu salutaj kardio, mei resta
teu servitori maxe devoto
lu F.
Esperanto (1887)
Ĉi tiu retpaĝo estas kreita precipe por esperantologoj kaj ĉiuj tiuj, kiuj interesiĝas pri la reformo de Esperanto farita de “Ludoviko Zamenhof” kaj publikigita de li en sinsekvaj numeroj de “La Esperantisto” en la jaro 1894. Nomata de li mem "Dialekto", fine ĝi ne estis aprobita kiel la oficiala formo de la lingvo. “Ludoviko Zamenhof” faris ĝin influite de reformemaj esperantistoj, sed ĉar rezulte de la voĉdonado la plejmulto da legantoj de “La Esperantisto” estis kontraŭ la reformo, “Zamenhof” rezignis pri tiu projekto kaj poste ne volis reveni al ĝi timante lingvan nestabilecon. Nun en la 21-a jarcento Esperanto estas stabila kaj la antaŭa timemo ne plu estas grava. La celo de ĉi tiu retejo estas havigi al la interesemuloj la fonton de informoj kaj demonstri, kiel la dialekto proponita de “Ludoviko Zamenhof” en la jaro 1894 funkcias.
Dialekto (1894), AKA Reformed Esperanto
Hik retpagino esten kreate precipe por esperantologi e omnui is, kvu interesisken de reformo de Esperanto farate de Ludoviko Samenhof e publikigate de lu in susekve numeri de “La Esperantisto” in anuo 1894. Nomate de lu ipsu "Dialekto", fine lu ne estin aprobate kom oficiale formo de lingvo. Ludoviko Samenhof farin lu influate de reformeme esperantisti, sed nam resulte de vocodaro maksumulto de lektenti de “La Esperantisto” estin kontru reformo, Samenhof resignin de is projekto e postue ne vulin revena al lu timente lingve nestabilito. Nunk in 21-e anucento Esperanto esten stabile e antue timemo ne plu esten grave. Skopo de hik retejo esten haviga al interesemuli fonto de informi e demonstra, kom dialekto proponate de L. Samenhof in anuo 1894 funkzien.
NLG
Isto internetpágini pre fia kread mode precipio pu plu studea-pei du lu esperanto, etu pu omno homi keu studea reformaj du lu esperanto fakiad peu lu ludovik-zamenhof, etu publikad peu lori inu plu númeri kontinuo du revisti lu esperantisto annu 1894.
nominad, peu lori ipso, lu dialekto, mode finio idi ne pre fia approbad utu formi públiko du glossi.
lu ludovik-zamenhof pre fakia idi influad peu plu esperantisti reformisto;
sedu, resultad peru suffragi, plúrimo lekta-pei du lu esperantisto pre sa kontru ilu reformaj.
proptu id, lu zamenhof pre abdika, etu poste, lori ne pre volea reveniar adu idi, timean inestabilor glossio.
nunce, inu sékuli 21, lu esperanto sa stábilo, etu jame timeaj ne sa gravo.
skopi du isto internetsiti sa donar, pu lori interessad, fonti du plu dati, etu monstrar qome ilu dialekti proponad peu lu zamenhof annu 1894 funktiona.
Glosa (1978)
Patri e an plu An-fili, e u rami-fa:
U patri pa habe plu an-fili, qi holo-tem pa du-disputa kon alelo. Kron an pa fali repara mu disputa per an plu monito, an pa decide monstra a mu u kako de separa. Ka-co, uno di an pa demanda; mu fero ad an u rami-fa. Kron mu pa akti so, an seqe-mode pa sti loka rami-fa ad-in mu plu manu e pa komanda; mu fo-rupti u rami-fa. Mu pa tenta rupti id per holo-forti, sed mu ne pa pote. U patri kron pa aperi u rami-fa, pa prende panto rami ex id e pa dona mo rami a singu an-fili. Mu u-la kron facile pa rupti plu rami. Po-co, u patri pa dice; “mi plu an-fili, si panto-vi habe mo menta e sti unio te auxi alelo, vi fu es iso rami-fa e ne gene noku ex anti-pe. Anti-co, si panto-vi es ge-lisi, vi fu es iso facili ge-rupti de plu-ci rama.”
[The bundle of sticks - Aesop's Fables]
NLG
ilu patri etu plu mai-fili suo, etu ilu rami-faski:
mono patri pre habea plu mai-fili, keu pre pugna sémpere kontru altri.
qandu ilu patri pre defikia impediar loru pugnaj peru moneaj, tunce lei pre konstitua monstrar pu lori malor du separaj.
proptu id, mono di, lei pre peta ju lori affera rami-faski adu lei.
qandu lori pre aga sike, lei poste pre pona ilu faski inu loru plu mani, etu pre peta ju lori rumpa ilu rei.
lori pre tenta rumpar ilu faski peru fortor, sedu ne pre possa.
poste, ilu patri pre ápera ilu rei, pre prenda omno rami du ilu rei, etú pre dona mono rami pu kato fili.
lori tunce pre rumpa mode fácilo ilu plu rami.
poste, ilu patri pre dica:
te meu plu fili! siu omno vosi habea psiki únika, etu fia jungad pu juvar vosi, vosi ve sa qamu rami-faski, etu vosi ve ne fia nokead peu hosti.
kontru id, siu omno vosi sa separo, vosi ve fia rumpad tame mode fácilo qamu isto rami.
Romániço (1991)
Ad cascuna dómino luya honoro.
Ad en apuyo ne sufles.
Ad en on púteo ne sputes, pro che vi besoniun biber.
Ad glacio primaverisca et ad on nova amico ne fides.
Ad on bona caciisto vadan la bestio ipsa.
Ad on cabalo donationita homi ne reguardes la dentos.
Ad on inimico fujanta, on ponto argenta.
Ad on piço ne doces nater.
Álter-lochisca celo es la metípsima celo.
Ames domos nova et amicos vétera.
NLG
plu proverbi etu plu aforismi:
adu caskuno dómini leu honori.
adu inu api-teki te ne suffla.
adu inu putei te ne spua, qaru tei ve besonia bibar.
adu glaci primaverio etu adu neo amiko-pei te ne fida.
adu bono vena-pei, ilu besti ipso vada.
adu eqi donad, te ne aspikia ilu plu denti.
adu hosti-pei keu fugia, ponti argentio.
adu piski, te ne dokea natar.
celi du altro loki sa ilu ídemo celi.
te ama neo plu domi etu vétero plu amiko-pei.
Lingua Franca Nova
La Preambul a la Declara Universal de Diretos Umana - Preamble to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
Car la reconose de la dinia inerente e la diretos egal e nonalienable de tota la membros de la familia umana es la funda de libria, justia, e pas en la mundo;
Car la nonconose e la despeta de la diretos umana ia trae atas de barbaria cual ofende la consiensa umana, e car la veni de un mundo do tota persones va es libre per parla e crea, e librida de temia e de miseria, es proclamada como la aspira la plu alta de umanas;
Car es esensal ce la diretos umana es protejeda par un sistem de diretos, afin no person es forsada, como un recurso ultima, a la rebelia contra tirania e oprimi;
Car es esensal promove la developa de relates bonvolente entre nasiones;
Car en la Carta, la poplas de la Nasiones Unida proclama se fida en la diretos umana fundal, en la dinia e la valua de la person umana, en la egalia de diretos de omes e de femes, e car los ia deside promove la progresa sosial e leva la cualia de vive con un libria plu completa;
Car la statos-membros promete securi, en coopera con la Nasiones Unida, la respeta e la oserva universal de diretos umana e libria fundal;
Car un conseta comun de esta diretos e librias es la plu importante per la completi plen de esta promete -
La Asemblea Jeneral proclama esta Declara Universal de Diretos Umana como un ideal comun per la aspira de tota poplas e nasiones, afin cada person e cada organo sosial, con esta Declara en mente constante, va promove la respeta de esta diretos e librias par eleva e instrui, e par mesuras progresante, e nasional e internasional, va securi la reconose e aplica universal e produosa, entre la poplas de la statos parteninte e de la teritorios su se autoria legal.
NLG
introdukaj adu nuntiaj mundio du plu juri humano [tradukad exu lu anglo-glossi]
namu rekognaj du dignor proprio etu plu juri eqo, keu ne possa fiar auferad du omno membri du ilu famili humano, sa fundamenti du liberor, justor, etu paci inu lu mundi;
namu ignoraj etu despektaj pu plu juri humano pre kausa plu agaj bárbaro keu pre offenda konskior humano;
etu namu veniaj du mundi ubu plu hómini ve habea liberor du loqaj etu fidaj, etu liberor du timeaj etu miseror, fia nuntiad utu petaj maxe alto du plu hómini;
namu sa precipuo ku plu juri humano debea fiar protegad peu regaj du plu legi, pu ku zero homi fia koagad, utu refugi último, pu rebellaj kontru tirannor etu opprimaj;
namu sa precipuo promovear progrediaj du plu relationi amiko interu plu nationi;
namu inu ilu karti, plu pópuli du lu UN nuntia fidaj du lori pu plu juri humano fundamentio, inu dignor etu validor du hómini, inu plu juri eqo du wiri etu fémini,
etu namu lori pre konstitua promovear progrediaj sokialo etu plu kondikioni melioro du viti inu liberor majoro;
namu ilu plu stati membrio pre promitta promovear, kollaboran konu lu UN, respektaj etu observaj pu plu juri humano etu plu liberor fundamentio;
namu intelligaj kommuno du isto juri etu isto liberor sa maxe gravo pu effikiaj pleno du illo promittaj;
nunce, erge, lu generalo-assembli klama nuntiaj mundio du plu juri humano utu normi kommuno du promoveaj pu plu pópuli etu omno nationi, pu ku omno homi etu omno órgani sokialo, tenean ilu nuntiaj mode kontinuo inu psiki, ve tenta, peru dokeaj etu edukaj, promovear respektaj pu isto juri etu isto liberor, etu peru plu mensuri progressivo, nationio etu internationio, ve fika sekuro rekognaj du ilu rei etu observaj mundio etu effikaco, ambe interu plu pópuli du plu civitati membrio, etu interu plu pópuli du plu terri subtu loru juri.
NLG
belli astrio [lu star-wars]
plu militi-pei imperio kapia navi du fei-príncipi rebello lu leia.
plu droidi lu R2P2 etu lu C3P2 fugia exu ilu navi adu planeti lu tattoin;
sedu lori fia kaptad peu plu merka-pei, etu fia vendad pu duo ínkoli du umidor.
ilu adoptad-fili du lori, lu luke, videa plu cinemi-pikturi du lu R2P2;
ilu rei monstra lu leia petan ju lu kenobi mitta ilu pikturi du artifikio planeti lu morti-stelli adu ilu patri du lu leia inu planeti lu alderaan.
lu R2P2 etu lu luke trova lu kenobi, keu narra ku lei pre sa mono du plu kustodi-pei du paci nominad jedi.
plu militi-pei imperio neka ilu duo adopta-parenti du lu luke.
lu kenobi etu lu luke vada adu taberni inu lu tattoin, etu peta ju lu han-solo porta lori adu lu alderaan, peru navi nominad lu milleni-falkoni.
sedu lu alderaan pre pre fia destruad peu lu morti-stelli, utu fia jubead peu lu moff-tarkin.
lu morti-stelli kapia lu milleni-falkoni, etu lu darth-vader neka lu kenobi.
lu luke konu lu han-solo etu lu chewbacca fugia exu plu militi-pei imperio, etu lori libera lu leia.
lori fugia exu lu morti-stelli peru lu milleni-falkoni, etu vada adu planeti lu yavin-4.
ibe lori prepara oppugnar lu morti-stelli, sedu lu han-solo linqa.
multo oppugna-pei moria, etu poste lu han-solo vada ítere konu lu luke, pu juvar oppugnar.
mode finio lu luke neka lu moff-tarkin, etu destrua lu morti-stelli, konu auxili spíritio du lu kenobi.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
By Xavi Abadia. 18 April 2021.