Forms of Government - Democracy, Oligarchy and Tyranny

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(1) 2015-08-15 me and King Leonidas of Sparta, Greece, in front of the Acropolis Museum, in Athens, Greece.

(2) 2015-11-22 in front of the Acropolis, in Athens, Greece.

(3) 2015-11-26 in Athens GREECE, in Syntagma Square in front the Parliament Building. - in between the water fountain and the Christmas Tree.

(4) 2016-05-01 me and my Masters, the Great Ancient Greek Philosophers Plato, and Aristotle.

(5) 2016-05-30 Beautiful Greece & the Greek Islands from Space on a beautiful clear day. Thank you NASA.

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2016-10-23 : the website is under construction.

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Background information 10

Forms of Government - Democracy, Oligarchy and Tyranny

Democracy: rule by the people

• • Most government officials chosen by lottery, did job for 1 year.

  • From 390 BC, citizens paid for attending assembly.

  • Most important political posts were the 10 generals: elected by the assembly each year.

  • Between 30,000 - 40,000 male citizens but possibly only about 5000 attended assembly.

  • Voting was by a show of hands.

  • Ostracism (banishment from Athens) involved writing a person's name on an ostraca; person with most votes over 6000 had to leave Athens for 10 years, which destroyed their career.

Oligarchy: rule by the few

Tyranny: rule by one powerful dictator, a tyrant.

(Tyrant: a ruler who has seized power without legal right).

Historical Developments

• • In Homer we have evidence for monarchy, but probably lasted no later than the 8th century.

  • By c.700 BC, aristocracies, not monarchies, ruling the earliest poleis.

  • Commoners challenged this position and power shifted from aristocrats to wider group of landlords.

  • Oligarchies then replaced aristocracies.

  • In 6th century particularly, tyrannies appear, including Pisistratus in Athens.

  • In 508/7, Kleisthenes reforms brought about democracy in Athens: citizenship was based on membership of a deme (village/ward).

  • In late 460s, Ephialtes and Pericles were behind a reform package passed by assembly that led to the removal of the remaining political powers of the Areopagus, the aristocratic council that had been the supreme court in Athens.

  • In 411 and 405/4, oligarchies overthrew Athenian democracy: the latter was extreme and brutal and was set up by Sparta.

  • Under Macedonian rule of Greece, tyrannies by pro-Macedonians were imposed on Athen's allies against Macedon.

  • After Alexander's death, democracy was overthrown in Athens, but continued in city of Rhodes.

  • Hellenistic kings and Rome promoted oligarchy and monarchy in Greece.

© The British Museum

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( English ) the StatCounter was installed on 2016-10-23, 17:30 p.m. GMT

( Greek ) ( Ελληνικά ) Ο μετρητής εγκαταστάθηκε την 23-10-2016 19:30 μ.μ. ώρα Ελλάδας

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