Graphene - Queen of 2D materials

Graphene is a two dimensional single layer of carbon atoms which when stacked together in third dimension leads to what we know as Graphite.

First discovered by Sir Novoselov and Sir Geim, it is now a hot material for research owing to its explored and unexplored physical properties. Name an application and you may find the use of graphene and therefore it is named as wonder material and I say it is the queen of 2-D materials. This is why the discoverers have received Noble Prize in 2010.

Most important physical properties:

1) Linear E-k relation which makes electron and holes to behave as Dirac fermions - Making Graphene semi-metal or zero gap semiconductor.

2) Astonishingly high electron mobility - Room temperature mobility can be as high as 200,000 cm²V^-1s^-1.

3) Absorbs 2.3% of light which makes this single layer of atoms visible under simple optical microscope !

(recent predictions claim that periodically pattrened graphene can exhibit complete optical absosption - Physical review letters (2012))

Graphene - A two dimensional array of sp² bonded carbon atoms

4) Anomalous quantum hall effect at room temperature.

Further information

For more detailed description, please go to the following link:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphene

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