I have been simulating single axon and whole nerve responses to applied electrical fields since 2001. My simulations incorporate bio-inspired 3D finite element models in Ansoft Maxwell, double-cable axon models in NEURON, and axonal approximations and analyses in MATLAB. I use the simulations to investigate and optimize the design of nerve cuff electrodes that are used to restore function or sensation. I have conducted simulations of motor and sensory fibers, both myelinated and unmyelinated.