1. War in Syria and the Middle East: A Political and Economic History
University of Texas Press, 2025.
1. State Capture by Militias, Paramilitaries, and Organized Crime
Small Wars & Insurgencies, Vol. 36, No. 4, 2025.
2. Russia's State Capture Strategy in Africa, from Wagner to the Africa Corps
Small Wars & Insurgencies, Vol. 36, No. 4, 2025.
3. When Militias Capture the State: Evidence from Lebanon, Iraq, and Sudan
Small Wars & Insurgencies, Vol. 35, No. 1, 2024.
4. Can Sudan's Democratic Transition be Salvaged?
Middle East Policy, Vol. 29, No. 2, 2022. With Osman Mirghani.
5. Political Islam and the War in Syria
Acta Via Serica, Vol. 7, No. 2, 2022.
6. Strengthening the US Partnership with the Syrian Democratic Forces
Survival, Vol. 63, No. 6, 2021.
7. The War in Syria: A Longue Durée Perspective
Asian Affairs, Vol. 15, No. 1, 2020.
8. Managing Agricultural Weather Risks in the State Santa Catarina, Brazil
World Bank en Breve Series, March 2013. With Diego Arias Carballo, Juan José Leiva, Adboulaye Sy and Nouhoum Traore.
9. Rethinking US Policy in Afghanistan
World Policy Journal, Vol. 25, No. 4, 2009.
The Middle East Journal, Vol. 78, No. 1, 2024.
2. Dangerous Gifts: Imperialism, Security, and Civil Wars in the Levant 1798-1864, by Ozan Ozavci
Bustan, Vol. 13, No. 2, 2022.
3. Occupational Hazards: Success and Failure in Military Occupation, by David Edelstein
H-Diplo, Vol. 10, No. 15, May 2009. With Peter Liberman.
1. Libya: easing tensions between east and west
Chapter in ISPI Policy Report for the Italian Parliament & Ministry of Foreign Affairs, January 2025.
2. Libya: increased risk of conflict
Chapter in ISPI Policy Report for the Italian Parliament & Ministry of Foreign Affairs, September 2024.
3. Libya: between political stalemate and a growing Russian military presence
Chapter in ISPI Policy Report for the Italian Parliament & Ministry of Foreign Affairs, July 2024.
4. Libya: who benefits from the status quo?
Chapter in ISPI Policy Report for the Italian Parliament & Ministry of Foreign Affairs, April 2024.
5. Libya: a country adrift amid corruption and illicit trafficking
Chapter in ISPI Policy Report for the Italian Parliament & Ministry of Foreign Affairs, January 2024.
6. Tensions between the United States and China; what impacts on the Middle East?
Chapter in ISPI Policy Report for the Italian Parliament & Ministry of Foreign Affairs, September 2023.
7. Libya: old rivalries and new risk of instability
Chapter in ISPI Policy Report for the Italian Parliament & Ministry of Foreign Affairs, September 2023.
8. Libya: elections remain a mirage
Chapter in ISPI Policy Report for the Italian Parliament & Ministry of Foreign Affairs, July 2023.
9. Libya: the consolidation of a fragile order built on clientelism
Chapter in ISPI Policy Report for the Italian Parliament & Ministry of Foreign Affairs, April 2023.
10. Libya: recent developments and prospects
ISPI Policy Report for the Italian Parliament & Ministry of Foreign Affairs, December 2022.
1. From Syria to Africa, Russia's Strategy Is Faltering--But Its Repercussions Will Endure
Modern Warfare Institute at West Point, February 2025.
2. How Militia Groups Capture States and Ruin Countries: The Case of Sudan’s Rapid Support Forces
The Conversation, July 2024.
3. Political Unrest and Socio-Environmental Breakdown in Iraq
Civil War Paths, University of Sheffield, October 2022.
4. Biden Goes to Saudi Arabia: US Policy in a Changing Middle East
Italian Institute for International Political Studies (ISPI), July 2022.
5. Elections in Lebanon: Hezbollah's Allies Lose ground, New Faces Come Forth
Italian Institute for International Political Studies (ISPI), May 2022.
6. Turkey's Diplomatic Pivot and the War in Syria
Italian Institute for International Political Studies (ISPI), March 2022.
7. The Unsustainable Status Quo in Northeast Syria
Italian Institute for International Political Studies (ISPI), February 2022.
8. After a Decade of Incoherent Strategy in Syria, a Way Forward
Modern Warfare Institute at West Point, February 2022.
9. Curbing Militia Power in Iraq
London School of Economics Middle East Centre, January 2022.