Mail Armour

Extant Mail Armour Finds

– Looking for the Evidence By Jennifer Baker ( Jenny Baker )

Research Disclaimer : Please note that This Research was done many years ago now :

so the information contained may now be out of date , photos gone missing or web links broken

My apologises : But It has become an impossible task to try and keep it up to date - Jenny

SUMMARY OF FINDS

Early Finds – BC – 6 examples

Iron Age Finds - AD – 17 examples

Roman Age Finds – 61 examples

Early Medieval Finds - 25 examples

10th Century Finds – 2 example

11th – 12th Century Finds – 3 example

13th - 14th Century Finds – 9 examples

15th – 17th Century Finds – 20 examples

Later Finds – 1 example

EARLY FINDS - BC:

Germanic / Celtic Mail: fragments of mail butted rings, Ciumeşti, Romania

3rd - 4th century BC

The earliest finds of mail are from a 3rd - 4th century BC Celtic chieftain's burial located in Ciumeşti, Romania

Rusu, M., “Das Keltische Fürstengrab von Ciumeşti in Rumänien”, Germania 50, 1969, pp. 267-269

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mail_(armour)

Mentioned in Folly Lane (Verulamium): The Mail Shirt by B. J. Gilmore

http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_22.pdf


Iron Age / Early Danish Mail: Hjortespring find on the island of Als Denmark,

dated to around 350 BC – mid to late 4th Century BC

(Rosenberg 1937) Early Iron – a study of early Danish Mail Shirts http://www.archaeometry.dk/Jern/Jouttijarvi,%20Arne;%20The%20manufacture%20of%20chain-mail.pdf

Mentioned in Folly Lane (Verulamium): The Mail Shirt by B. J. Gilmore

http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_22.pdf


Iron Age Mail: complete mail tunic butted rings only, Kirkburn, United Kingdom

3RD century BC

Mentioned in Folly Lane (Verulamium): The Mail Shirt by B. J. Gilmore

http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_22.pdf

Iron Age Cemeteries in East Yorkshire

http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_21.pdf


Iron Age Mail: fragment of mail, riveted & welded rings in alternating rows, Lexden, United Kingdom

15 – 10 BC

Mentioned in Folly Lane (Verulamium): The Mail Shirt by B. J. Gilmore

http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_22.pdf

The Lexden Tumulus: A re-appraisal of an Iron Age burial from Colchester, Essex by Jennifer Foster

http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_27.pdf


Iron Age / Roman Mail: single triangle fragment, butted rings only, Maiden Castle, United Kingdom,

1ST century BC - 1ST century AD

Mentioned in Folly Lane (Verulamium): The Mail Shirt by B. J. Gilmore

http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_22.pdf


Iron Age Mail: large fragment now destroyed, Hayling Island, Hamshire United Kingdom,

Late 1st C BC - Early 1st C AD

Mentioned in Folly Lane (Verulamium): The Mail Shirt by B. J. Gilmore

http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_22.pdf

IRON AGE FINDS - AD:

Iron Age / Germanic Mail: fragments of butted rings, Tiefenau, Switzerland metalwork deposit

– La Tene II-III,

1st century

Mentioned in Folly Lane (Verulamium): The Mail Shirt by B. J. Gilmore

http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_22.pdf

Early Danish Mail: Hedegaard Shirt : studied, ring, Jutland,

pre-Roman Iron Age

Early Iron – a study of early Danish Mail Shirts

http://www.archaeometry.dk/Jern/Jouttijarvi,%20Arne;%20The%20manufacture%20of%20chain-mail.pdf

Early Danish Mail: Brokbaer shirt,

pre-Roman Iron Age

Early Iron – a study of early Danish Mail Shirts

http://www.archaeometry.dk/Jern/Jouttijarvi,%20Arne;%20The%20manufacture%20of%20chain-mail.pdf

Early Danish Mail: Vimose Shirt, Funen

Roman Iron Age.

(Engelhardt 1869:12).

Early Iron – a study of early Danish Mail Shirts http://www.archaeometry.dk/Jern/Jouttijarvi,%20Arne;%20The%20manufacture%20of%20chain-mail.pdf

Early Danish Mail: Kastenskov shirt Roman

Iron Age.

Early Iron – a study of early Danish Mail Shirts

http://www.archaeometry.dk/Jern/Jouttijarvi,%20Arne;%20The%20manufacture%20of%20chain-mail.pdf

Iron Age Mail: Jankovo, Bulgaria

Mentioned in Folly Lane (Verulamium): The Mail Shirt by B. J. Gilmore

http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_22.pdf

Iron Age Mail: Horny Jatov Czechia / Slovakia

Mentioned in Folly Lane (Verulamium): The Mail Shirt by B. J. Gilmore

http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_22.pdf

Iron Age Mail: Zemplin Czechia / Slovakia

Mentioned in Folly Lane (Verulamium): The Mail Shirt by B. J. Gilmore

http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_22.pdf

Iron Age Mail: Aubagnan France

Mentioned in Folly Lane (Verulamium): The Mail Shirt by B. J. Gilmore

http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_22.pdf

Iron Age / Roman Mail: Boe France

Mentioned in Folly Lane (Verulamium): The Mail Shirt by B. J. Gilmore

http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_22.pdf

Iron Age Mail: Cetateni Romania

Mentioned in Folly Lane (Verulamium): The Mail Shirt by B. J. Gilmore

http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_22.pdf

Iron Age Mail: Poiana Romania

Mentioned in Folly Lane (Verulamium): The Mail Shirt by B. J. Gilmore

http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_22.pdf

Iron Age Mail: Popesti Romania

Mentioned in Folly Lane (Verulamium): The Mail Shirt by B. J. Gilmore

http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_22.pdf

Iron Age / Roman Mail: Racatau Romania

Mentioned in Folly Lane (Verulamium): The Mail Shirt by B. J. Gilmore

http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_22.pdf

Iron Age Mail: Radovanu Romania

Mentioned in Folly Lane (Verulamium): The Mail Shirt by B. J. Gilmore

http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_22.pdf

Iron Age Mail: smalll fragments of mail, riveted and welded rings ina alternate rows,

Baldock, United Kingdom,

20 – 35 AD

Mentioned in Folly Lane (Verulamium): The Mail Shirt by B. J. Gilmore

http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_22.pdf

Iron Age Mail: fragment of Mail, butted rings only, Stanwick, Yorkshire United Kingdom,

50 AD

Mentioned in Folly Lane (Verulamium): The Mail Shirt by B. J. Gilmore

http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_22.pdf

Iron Age/ Roman Mail: unstratified lager fragment, riveted & punched rings in alternative rows, Woodeaton, Oxon, United Kingdom,

early 1st century AD

Mentioned in Folly Lane (Verulamium): The Mail Shirt by B. J. Gilmore

http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_22.pdf

A Fragment of Chain-Mail from the Romano-British Temple Site at Woodeaton by E. M. Jope

http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_29.pdf

ROMAN AGE FINDS

Roman Mail: full hamata shirt, Arbeia Roman fort, Tyne and Wear, Segedunum, Wallsend, Northumberland United Kingdom,

late third or early fourth century,

http://www.armatura.connectfree.co.uk/arma/mail.htm

The Roman Fort at Wallsend (Segedunum): Excavations in 1997-8

http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_18.pdf

Roman / Early Danish Mail: Vimose Shirt, Funen / Vismose Denmark,

2nd-3rd C AD

The solid rings are stamped and the rivetted ones are drawn, the almost complete shirt, weighs only 8 kg.

Danish National Museum (Engelhardt 1863:59; 1869:12)

Early Iron – a study of early Danish Mail Shirts

http://www.archaeometry.dk/Jern/Jouttijarvi,%20Arne;%20The%20manufacture%20of%20chain-mail.pdf

Mentioned in Folly Lane (Verulamium): The Mail Shirt by B. J. Gilmore

http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_22.pdf

Roman Mail / Early Danish Mail: Brokaer shirt, Brokaer near Ribe in western Jutland.

Roman Iron Age.

Early Iron – a study of early Danish Mail Shirts

http://www.archaeometry.dk/Jern/Jouttijarvi,%20Arne;%20The%20manufacture%20of%20chain-mail.pdf

Mentioned in Folly Lane (Verulamium): The Mail Shirt by B. J. Gilmore

http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_22.pdf

Technische Untersuchung der kaiserzeitlichen Ringbrünne von Brokær von Arne Jouttijärvi

http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_25.pdf

Roman / Early Danish Mail: Thorsberg Shirt, and the parts of 5 – 6 mail garments, riverted & welded or punched rings, South Jutland, Thorsbjorg Schleswig Germany, votive bog deposit:

3RD century AD Roman Iron Age.

(Engelhardt 1863:59; 1869:12)

Early Iron – a study of early Danish Mail Shirts

http://www.archaeometry.dk/Jern/Jouttijarvi,%20Arne;%20The%20manufacture%20of%20chain-mail.pdf

Mentioned in Folly Lane (Verulamium): The Mail Shirt by B. J. Gilmore

http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_22.pdf

Roman Mail: Carumtum, Austria

Mentioned in Folly Lane (Verulamium): The Mail Shirt by B. J. Gilmore

http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_22.pdf

Roman Mail: Barsbo Denmark

Mentioned in Folly Lane (Verulamium): The Mail Shirt by B. J. Gilmore

http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_22.pdf

Roman Mail: Neder-Jerstal Denmark

Mentioned in Folly Lane (Verulamium): The Mail Shirt by B. J. Gilmore

http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_22.pdf

Roman Mail: Chassenard France

Mentioned in Folly Lane (Verulamium): The Mail Shirt by B. J. Gilmore

http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_22.pdf

Roman Mail: Lyon France

Mentioned in Folly Lane (Verulamium): The Mail Shirt by B. J. Gilmore

http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_22.pdf

Roman Mail: Strasbourg France

Mentioned in Folly Lane (Verulamium): The Mail Shirt by B. J. Gilmore

http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_22.pdf

Roman Mail: Berlitt Germany

Mentioned in Folly Lane (Verulamium): The Mail Shirt by B. J. Gilmore

http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_22.pdf

Roman Mail: Bockhorn Germany

Mentioned in Folly Lane (Verulamium): The Mail Shirt by B. J. Gilmore

http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_22.pdf

Roman Mail: Borstel Germany

Mentioned in Folly Lane (Verulamium): The Mail Shirt by B. J. Gilmore

http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_22.pdf

Roman Mail: Camin Germany

Mentioned in Folly Lane (Verulamium): The Mail Shirt by B. J. Gilmore

http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_22.pdf

Roman Mail: Dahlhausen Germany

Mentioned in Folly Lane (Verulamium): The Mail Shirt by B. J. Gilmore

http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_22.pdf

Roman Mail: Cheine Germany

Mentioned in Folly Lane (Verulamium): The Mail Shirt by B. J. Gilmore

http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_22.pdf

Roman Mail: Dessau-Grosskuhnau Germany

Mentioned in Folly Lane (Verulamium): The Mail Shirt by B. J. Gilmore

http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_22.pdf

Roman Mail: Gross Gartz Germany

Mentioned in Folly Lane (Verulamium): The Mail Shirt by B. J. Gilmore

http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_22.pdf

Roman Mail: Hagenow Germany

Mentioned in Folly Lane (Verulamium): The Mail Shirt by B. J. Gilmore

http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_22.pdf

Roman Mail: Hemmorr- Warstade Germany

Mentioned in Folly Lane (Verulamium): The Mail Shirt by B. J. Gilmore

http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_22.pdf

Roman Mail: Issendorf Germany

Mentioned in Folly Lane (Verulamium): The Mail Shirt by B. J. Gilmore

http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_22.pdf

Roman Mail: Kasseedorf Germany

Mentioned in Folly Lane (Verulamium): The Mail Shirt by B. J. Gilmore

http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_22.pdf

Roman Mail: Kemnitz Germany

Mentioned in Folly Lane (Verulamium): The Mail Shirt by B. J. Gilmore

http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_22.pdf

Roman Mail: Kiel Germany

Mentioned in Folly Lane (Verulamium): The Mail Shirt by B. J. Gilmore

http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_22.pdf

Roman Mail: Mail shirt Kastell, Kunzing Germany c.250 AD

Mentioned in Folly Lane (Verulamium): The Mail Shirt by B. J. Gilmore

http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_22.pdf

Roman Mail: Mainz Germany

Mentioned in Folly Lane (Verulamium): The Mail Shirt by B. J. Gilmore

http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_22.pdf

Roman Mail: Putensen Germany

Mentioned in Folly Lane (Verulamium): The Mail Shirt by B. J. Gilmore

http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_22.pdf

Roman Mail: Mail shirt Saalburg Germany c. 150 AD

Mentioned in Folly Lane (Verulamium): The Mail Shirt by B. J. Gilmore

http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_22.pdf

Roman Mail: Sorup Germany

Mentioned in Folly Lane (Verulamium): The Mail Shirt by B. J. Gilmore

http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_22.pdf

Roman Mail: Suderbrarup Germany

Mentioned in Folly Lane (Verulamium): The Mail Shirt by B. J. Gilmore

http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_22.pdf

Roman Mail: Weissenburg Germany

Mentioned in Folly Lane (Verulamium): The Mail Shirt by B. J. Gilmore

http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_22.pdf

Roman Mail: Westerwanna Germany

Mentioned in Folly Lane (Verulamium): The Mail Shirt by B. J. Gilmore

http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_22.pdf

Roman Mail: Wollenrade Germany

Mentioned in Folly Lane (Verulamium): The Mail Shirt by B. J. Gilmore

http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_22.pdf

Roman Mail: Zugmantel Germany

Mentioned in Folly Lane (Verulamium): The Mail Shirt by B. J. Gilmore

http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_22.pdf

Roman Mail: Samothrace Greece

Mentioned in Folly Lane (Verulamium): The Mail Shirt by B. J. Gilmore

http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_22.pdf

Roman Mail: Aquileia Italy

Mentioned in Folly Lane (Verulamium): The Mail Shirt by B. J. Gilmore

http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_22.pdf

Roman Mail: Pompei Italy

Mentioned in Folly Lane (Verulamium): The Mail Shirt by B. J. Gilmore

http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_22.pdf

Roman Mail: Weiler-La-Tour Luxembourg

Mentioned in Folly Lane (Verulamium): The Mail Shirt by B. J. Gilmore

http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_22.pdf

Roman Mail: Den Haag Netherlands

Mentioned in Folly Lane (Verulamium): The Mail Shirt by B. J. Gilmore

http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_22.pdf

Roman Mail: Fragments of a lorica hamata, 25 pieces of riverted rings from Burrow 1,

Fluitenberg, Netherlands ,

2nd or 3rd AD

Sanden, WAB van in 1993: 'Fragments of a lorica hamata from a barrow at Fluitenberg, Netherlands', Journal of Roman Military Equipment Studies 4, 1-8

Sanden, W.A.B. van der 1992: 'Resten van een lorica hamata uit Fluitenberg, gem. Ruinen', Nieuwe Drentse Volksalmanak 109, 155-66

http://www.twmuseums.org.uk/archive/arma/welc/bibsu.htm

Fragments of a lorica hamata from a barrow at Fluitenberg, Netherlands

http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_24.pdf

Mentioned in Folly Lane (Verulamium): The Mail Shirt by B. J. Gilmore

http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_22.pdf

Roman Mail: Ouddorp Netherlands

1st Cent. AD

- This find bronze mail served as the foundation for a scale armour - the "lorica plumata

Mentioned in Folly Lane (Verulamium): The Mail Shirt by B. J. Gilmore

http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_22.pdf

Roman Mail: Vechten Netherlands

Mentioned in Folly Lane (Verulamium): The Mail Shirt by B. J. Gilmore

http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_22.pdf

Roman Mail: Zwammerdam Netherlands

Mentioned in Folly Lane (Verulamium): The Mail Shirt by B. J. Gilmore

http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_22.pdf

Roman Mail: Komorow Poland

Mentioned in Folly Lane (Verulamium): The Mail Shirt by B. J. Gilmore

http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_22.pdf

Roman Mail: Mlodzikowo Poland

Mentioned in Folly Lane (Verulamium): The Mail Shirt by B. J. Gilmore

http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_22.pdf

Roman Mail: Opatow Poland

Mentioned in Folly Lane (Verulamium): The Mail Shirt by B. J. Gilmore

http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_22.pdf

Roman Mail: Witaszewice Poland

Mentioned in Folly Lane (Verulamium): The Mail Shirt by B. J. Gilmore

http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_22.pdf

Roman Mail: Zadowice Poland

Mentioned in Folly Lane (Verulamium): The Mail Shirt by B. J. Gilmore

http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_22.pdf

Roman Mail: Granby Sweden

Mentioned in Folly Lane (Verulamium): The Mail Shirt by B. J. Gilmore

http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_22.pdf

Roman Mail: Oeremolla Sweden

Mentioned in Folly Lane (Verulamium): The Mail Shirt by B. J. Gilmore

http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_22.pdf

Roman Mail: Riveted + Solid (punched), Baginton, Warwickshire United Kingdom,

c.50 AD

Mentioned in Folly Lane (Verulamium): The Mail Shirt by B. J. Gilmore

http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_22.pdf

Roman Mail: Caerleon, United Kingdom

Mentioned in Folly Lane (Verulamium): The Mail Shirt by B. J. Gilmore

http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_22.pdf

Roman Mail: Carlingwark Loch, United Kingdom

Mentioned in Folly Lane (Verulamium): The Mail Shirt by B. J. Gilmore

http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_22.pdf

Technical Note on the Fragment of Iron Mail from Carlingwark Loch by E. Martin Burgess

http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_16.pdf

Roman Mail: Castlehaven, Kirkdbt, United Kingdom

Mentioned in Folly Lane (Verulamium): The Mail Shirt by B. J. Gilmore

http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_22.pdf

Roman Mail: Chesters, United Kingdom

Mentioned in Folly Lane (Verulamium): The Mail Shirt by B. J. Gilmore

http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_22.pdf

Roman Mail: Colchester, United Kingdom

Mentioned in Folly Lane (Verulamium): The Mail Shirt by B. J. Gilmore

http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_22.pdf

Roman Mail: Housesteads, United Kingdom

Mentioned in Folly Lane (Verulamium): The Mail Shirt by B. J. Gilmore

http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_22.pdf

Roman Mail: Manchester, United Kingdom

Mentioned in Folly Lane (Verulamium): The Mail Shirt by B. J. Gilmore

http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_22.pdf

Roman Mail: Riveted + Solid (punched), Newstead, United Kingdom,

1st C AD,

Mail shirt used as foundation for a scale armour … the "lorica plumata

Mentioned in Folly Lane (Verulamium): The Mail Shirt by B. J. Gilmore

http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_22.pdf

Roman Mail: Riveted + Solid (punched), Newstead, United Kingdom,

c. 150 AD,

Mail shirt

Mentioned in Folly Lane (Verulamium): The Mail Shirt by B. J. Gilmore

http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_22.pdf

Roman Mail: Folly Lane Mail Armour : Riverted & welded rings - Folded iron mail armour from Folly Lane burial, St Albans, United Kingdom,

50 – 55 AD,

- a full complete hamata shirt in the Verulamium Museum in St Albans.

http://www.stalbansmuseums.org.uk/Sites/Verulamium-Museum/Top-ten-objects-Archaeology-Collection

Folly Lane (Verulamium): The Mail Shirt by B. J. Gilmore

http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_22.pdf

EARLY MEDIEVAL FINDS

Early Medieval Mail: Enverneu France

Mentioned in Folly Lane (Verulamium): The Mail Shirt by B. J. Gilmore

http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_22.pdf

Early Medieval Mail: Vezelise France

Mentioned in Folly Lane (Verulamium): The Mail Shirt by B. J. Gilmore

http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_22.pdf

Early Medieval Mail: Gammertingen Germany

Mentioned in Folly Lane (Verulamium): The Mail Shirt by B. J. Gilmore

http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_22.pdf

Early Medieval Mail: Garderen Netherlands

Mentioned in Folly Lane (Verulamium): The Mail Shirt by B. J. Gilmore

http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_22.pdf

Early Medieval Mail: Opalenica Poland

Mentioned in Folly Lane (Verulamium): The Mail Shirt by B. J. Gilmore

http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_22.pdf

Early Medieval Mail: Sutton Hoo, United Kingdom

Mentioned in Folly Lane (Verulamium): The Mail Shirt by B. J. Gilmore

http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_22.pdf

Early Medieval Mail: Helm with Mail Curtain, Coppergate, York, United Kingdom Anglo-Saxon,

c.750-775 AD

The Anglian Helm from Coppergate by Dominic Tweddle (The Mail Curtain)

http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_20.pdf

http://www.vikingsonline.org.uk/resources/authenticity/chainmail/index.htm

Early Medieval Mail: Mail Shirt , Vendel, Uppland, Sweden -

600 / 640 AD ,

Grave VENDEL I

http://www.vikingsonline.org.uk/resources/authenticity/chainmail/index.htm

Early Medieval Mail: Mail ?? Lapped & Riveted, Vendel, Uppland, Sweden -

720 / 750 AD ,

Grave VENDEL III

http://www.vikingsonline.org.uk/resources/authenticity/chainmail/index.htm

Early Medieval Mail: Mail ?? , Vendel, Uppland, Sweden -

520 / 600 AD ,

Grave VENDEL X

http://www.vikingsonline.org.uk/resources/authenticity/chainmail/index.htm

Early Medieval Mail: Mail Aventail Lapped & Riveted, Vendel, Uppland, Sweden -

520 / 600 AD ,

Grave VENDEL XI - Fragment A

http://www.vikingsonline.org.uk/resources/authenticity/chainmail/index.htm

Early Medieval Mail: Mail ??? Lapped & Riveted, Vendel, Uppland, Sweden -

520 / 600 AD ,

Grave VENDEL XI - Fragment B

http://www.vikingsonline.org.uk/resources/authenticity/chainmail/index.htm

Early Medieval Mail: Mail ??? , Vendel, Uppland, Sweden -

520 / 600 AD ,

Grave VENDEL XI - Fragment C

http://www.vikingsonline.org.uk/resources/authenticity/chainmail/index.htm

Early Medieval Mail: Mail ?? Lapped & Riveted, Vendel, Uppland, Sweden -

520 / 600 AD ,

Grave VENDEL XI - Fragment D

http://www.vikingsonline.org.uk/resources/authenticity/chainmail/index.htm

Early Medieval Mail: Mail ??? Lapped & Riveted, Vendel, Uppland, Sweden -

520 / 600 AD ,

Grave VENDEL XI - Fragment E

http://www.vikingsonline.org.uk/resources/authenticity/chainmail/index.htm

Early Medieval Mail: Mail Aventail, Vendel, Uppland, Sweden -

520 / 600 AD ,

Grave VENDEL XII

http://www.vikingsonline.org.uk/resources/authenticity/chainmail/index.htm

Early Medieval Mail: Mail ??? Lapped & Riveted, Akershus, Smedenga i Ullensaker Norway -

600 AD

http://www.vikingsonline.org.uk/resources/authenticity/chainmail/index.htm

Early Medieval Mail: Mail ??? Lapped & Riveted, Landshammer, Sodermanland Sweden,

600 - 650 AD ,

Landshammer RAA 26 Grave A

http://www.vikingsonline.org.uk/resources/authenticity/chainmail/index.htm

Early Medieval Mail: Mail Aventail Valsgarde , Uppland Sweden,

600 - 680 AD,

Grave Valsgarde 6

http://www.vikingsonline.org.uk/resources/authenticity/chainmail/index.htm

Early Medieval Mail: Mail Aventail Valsgarde , Uppland Sweden,

600 - 680 AD,

Grave Valsgarde 7

http://www.vikingsonline.org.uk/resources/authenticity/chainmail/index.htm

Early Medieval Mail: Mail Aventail Valsgarde , Uppland Sweden,

600 - 680 AD,

Grave Valsgarde 8

http://www.vikingsonline.org.uk/resources/authenticity/chainmail/index.htm

Early Medieval Mail: Mail ?? Lapped & riveted Gotland ,

Viking or later,

Slite graves 14.7 & 8, Gotaland

http://www.vikingsonline.org.uk/resources/authenticity/chainmail/index.htm

Early Medieval Mail: Mail ?? Lapped & riveted Gotland ,

Viking? ,

Vate, Tuna, Gotland

http://www.vikingsonline.org.uk/resources/authenticity/chainmail/index.htm

Early Medieval Mail: Mail ?? Lapped & riveted Gotland ,

Viking? ,

Vate, Tuna, Gotland

http://www.vikingsonline.org.uk/resources/authenticity/chainmail/index.htm

Early Medieval Mail: Mail or Chain. Square section, Lapped & riveted Gotland ,

Viking? ,

Vate, Tuna, Gotland

http://www.vikingsonline.org.uk/resources/authenticity/chainmail/index.htm

10TH CENTURY FINDS

Viking Mail : riveted and solid rings, Gjermundbu Norway

10th century

The diameter of the rings in the Gjermundbu shirt average 8mm (0.3 in), and the wire diameter averages 1.2mm (0.05 in, about 16 gauge).

Universitets Oldsaksamling in Oslo, Norway, Reference No C273171

http://www.hurstwic.org/history/articles/manufacturing/text/viking_mail.htm

The Gjermundbu Mail Shirt by Stephen Francis Wyley

http://www.angelfire.com/wy/svenskildbiter/armsandarmour/mailshrt.html

Ring Weave: A metallographical analysis of ring mail material at the Oldsaksamlingen in Oslo by Vegard Vike (Norwegian)

http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_14.pdf

Viking Mail : Mail Fragments About 100 finds of mail fragments, alternating rows of riveted and solid rings– Birka Sweden,

10th century

Mail from the ‘Garrison’ of Birka By Peter Beatson

http://members.ozemail.com.au/~chrisandpeter/mail/birka_mail.htm

Ringväa från Birkas garnison

http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_19.pdf

11TH – 12TH CENTURY FINDS

Swedish Mail : rolled-up mail shirt Kungslena Sweden ,

High Middle Ages – 1208

The roll is c. 34 cm long and 17 cm in diameter. It weighs 15.3 kg. The rings are "nut shaped" and have an outer diameter of 11 mm.

Statens Historiska Museum, Stockholm, SHM 2677

http://www.djurfeldt.com/patrik/kungslena.html

Norman Mail: Mail byrnie from the Museum of Bayeux

c. 12th century,

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bayeux_haubert.JPG

Russian Mail : Secret Chamber of the Kremlin - Russian arms and armor

12th-19th centuries.

Display case.

http://textplay.net/pages/0017.htm

13TH - 14TH CENTURY FINDS

Viking Mail : Sveinsströnd Iceland

Originally thought to be from the 10th century, it has more recently been dated from the 13th century or later

http://www.hurstwic.org/history/articles/manufacturing/text/viking_mail.htm

Swedish Mail : mail coifs, Korsbetningen - outside Wisby, Gotlands,

High Middle Ages - 1361

About 185 mail coifs recovered from mass grave.

http://www.djurfeldt.com/patrik/mailcoif.html

A paper on the construction of these coifs, by Tommy Hellman, "Ringbrynjehuvor från massgravarna vid Korsbetningen", is now available (text in Swedish with an English summary).

http://www.djurfeldt.com/patrik/cupps.html

European Mail : Hauberk (Mail Shirt) Riveted steel rings, European,

1400s

http://www.arador.com/articles/cleveland.html

European Mail : Hauberk (Mail Shirt) Riveted steel rings, European,

1400s

http://www.arador.com/articles/cleveland.html

European Mail : Collar Riveted steel rings European,

1400s

http://www.arador.com/articles/cleveland.html

European Mail : Hauberk (Mail Shirt) Riveted steel and brass rings; modern buckles and straps, Germany(?), about 1400-50

http://www.arador.com/articles/cleveland.html

European Mail : Hauberk (Mail Shirt) Riveted steel rings European,

1400s

http://www.arador.com/articles/cleveland.html

Russian Mail: a short sleeved Hauberk, Kulikovo Battle Field, Russia,

1380 AD

Medieval Russian Armies 1250-1500 By V. Shpakovsky, David Nicolle, Angus McBride Page 45 & 46

http://books.google.com.au/books?id=gUzpC14kDpAC&pg=PA45&lpg=PA45&dq=russian+mail+armour&source=bl&ots=RzmVYM9oD7&sig=hkSX5qPRrjLDu5hmOkHyLnTH5aY&hl=en&ei=b9N8S_nQAo6OkQXrmpjABA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=8&ved=0CB8Q6AEwBw#v=onepage&q=russian%20mail%20armour&f=false

European Mail : Mail shirt Augsburg, Germany

late 14th century or early 15th century

Wallace Collection England

http://wallacelive.wallacecollection.org:8080/eMuseumPlus?service=direct/1/ResultLightboxView/result.t1.collection_lightbox.$TspTitleImageLink.link&sp=10&sp=Scollection&sp=SfieldValue&sp=0&sp=0&sp=2&sp=Slightbox_3x4&sp=228&sp=Sdetail&sp=0&sp=F&sp=T&sp=233


15TH – 17TH CENTURY FINDS

European Mail : Bishop's Mantle (Cape) Riveted steel (some brass) rings, European (German or Swiss?), about 1520-30

http://www.arador.com/articles/cleveland.html

European Mail : Maille Shirt,

15th C.

The Royal Museum of the Army and Military History in Brussels, Belgium

http://www.arador.com/gallery/index.html

Russian Mail: Mail & Plate Bekhterets Russia,

Late 15th or 16th Century

Medieval Russian Armies 1250-1500 By V. Shpakovsky, David Nicolle, Angus McBride Page 45

http://books.google.com.au/books?id=gUzpC14kDpAC&pg=PA45&lpg=PA45&dq=russian+mail+armour&source=bl&ots=RzmVYM9oD7&sig=hkSX5qPRrjLDu5hmOkHyLnTH5aY&hl=en&ei=b9N8S_nQAo6OkQXrmpjABA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=8&ved=0CB8Q6AEwBw#v=onepage&q=russian%20mail%20armour&f=false

Russian Mail: Mail & Plate Bekhterets Russia,

Late 16th or 17th Century

State Hermitage Museum Petersburg Russia - Moscow Armoury workshops - Hauberk Half Armour, or Bakhterets - Late 16th - early 17th centuries

http://www.hermitagemuseum.org/html_En/03/hm3_4_1c.html

European Mail : Mail shirt Germany

2nd quarter of 15th century

Wallace Collection England

http://wallacelive.wallacecollection.org:8080/eMuseumPlus?service=direct/1/ResultLightboxView/result.t1.collection_lightbox.$TspTitleImageLink.link&sp=10&sp=Scollection&sp=SfieldValue&sp=0&sp=0&sp=2&sp=Slightbox_3x4&sp=228&sp=Sdetail&sp=0&sp=F&sp=T&sp=234

European Mail : Mail shirt Germany

mid 15th century 1450 - 1600

Wallace Collection England

http://wallacelive.wallacecollection.org:8080/eMuseumPlus?service=direct/1/ResultLightboxView/result.t1.collection_lightbox.$TspTitleImageLink.link&sp=10&sp=Scollection&sp=SfieldValue&sp=0&sp=0&sp=2&sp=Slightbox_3x4&sp=228&sp=Sdetail&sp=0&sp=F&sp=T&sp=235

European Mail : Mail shirt

mid 15th century

Wallace Collection England

http://wallacelive.wallacecollection.org:8080/eMuseumPlus?service=direct/1/ResultLightboxView/result.t1.collection_lightbox.$TspTitleImageLink.link&sp=10&sp=Scollection&sp=SfieldValue&sp=0&sp=0&sp=2&sp=Slightbox_3x4&sp=228&sp=Sdetail&sp=0&sp=F&sp=T&sp=236

European Mail : Mail shirt

mid 15th century

Wallace Collection England

http://wallacelive.wallacecollection.org:8080/eMuseumPlus?service=direct/1/ResultLightboxView/result.t1.collection_lightbox.$TspTitleImageLink.link&sp=10&sp=Scollection&sp=SfieldValue&sp=0&sp=0&sp=2&sp=Slightbox_3x4&sp=228&sp=Sdetail&sp=0&sp=F&sp=T&sp=237

European Mail : Mail shirt and associated mufflers

late 15th century

Wallace Collection England

http://wallacelive.wallacecollection.org:8080/eMuseumPlus?service=direct/1/ResultLightboxView/result.t2.collection_lightbox.$TspTitleLink.link&sp=10&sp=Scollection&sp=SfieldValue&sp=0&sp=0&sp=2&sp=Slightbox_3x4&sp=228&sp=Sdetail&sp=0&sp=F&sp=T&sp=238

European Mail : Mail shirt Germany

16th century

Wallace Collection England

http://wallacelive.wallacecollection.org:8080/eMuseumPlus?service=direct/1/ResultDetailView/moduleContextFunctionBar.navigator.next&sp=10&sp=Scollection&sp=SfieldValue&sp=0&sp=0&sp=2&sp=SdetailView&sp=238&sp=Sdetail&sp=0&sp=F&sp=239

European Mail : Mail cap

15th century

Wallace Collection England

http://wallacelive.wallacecollection.org:8080/eMuseumPlus?service=direct/1/ResultDetailView/moduleContextFunctionBar.navigator.next&sp=10&sp=Scollection&sp=SfieldValue&sp=0&sp=0&sp=2&sp=SdetailView&sp=239&sp=Sdetail&sp=0&sp=F&sp=240

European Mail : Mail standard ( neck protection)

late 15th century

Wallace Collection England

http://wallacelive.wallacecollection.org:8080/eMuseumPlus?service=direct/1/ResultDetailView/moduleContextFunctionBar.navigator.next&sp=10&sp=Scollection&sp=SfieldValue&sp=0&sp=0&sp=2&sp=SdetailView&sp=240&sp=Sdetail&sp=0&sp=F&sp=241

European Mail : Mail Sleeve

15th century - 16th century

Wallace Collection England

http://wallacelive.wallacecollection.org:8080/eMuseumPlus?service=direct/1/ResultDetailView/moduleContextFunctionBar.navigator.next&sp=10&sp=Scollection&sp=SfieldValue&sp=0&sp=0&sp=2&sp=SdetailView&sp=241&sp=Sdetail&sp=0&sp=F&sp=242

European Mail : Mail Sleeve

15th century - 16th century

Wallace Collection England

http://wallacelive.wallacecollection.org:8080/eMuseumPlus?service=direct/1/ResultDetailView/moduleContextFunctionBar.navigator.next&sp=10&sp=Scollection&sp=SfieldValue&sp=0&sp=0&sp=2&sp=SdetailView&sp=242&sp=Sdetail&sp=0&sp=F&sp=243

European Mail : Mail Sleeve

16th century

Wallace Collection England

http://wallacelive.wallacecollection.org:8080/eMuseumPlus?service=direct/1/ResultDetailView/moduleContextFunctionBar.navigator.next&sp=10&sp=Scollection&sp=SfieldValue&sp=0&sp=0&sp=2&sp=SdetailView&sp=243&sp=Sdetail&sp=0&sp=F&sp=244

European Mail : Mail Sleeve

16th century

Wallace Collection England

http://wallacelive.wallacecollection.org:8080/eMuseumPlus?service=direct/1/ResultDetailView/moduleContextFunctionBar.navigator.next&sp=10&sp=Scollection&sp=SfieldValue&sp=0&sp=0&sp=2&sp=SdetailView&sp=244&sp=Sdetail&sp=0&sp=F&sp=245

European Mail : Mail Sleeve

16th century

Wallace Collection England

http://wallacelive.wallacecollection.org:8080/eMuseumPlus?service=direct/1/ResultDetailView/moduleContextFunctionBar.navigator.next&sp=10&sp=Scollection&sp=SfieldValue&sp=0&sp=0&sp=2&sp=SdetailView&sp=245&sp=Sdetail&sp=0&sp=F&sp=246

European Mail : Mail Sleeve

16th century

Wallace Collection England

http://wallacelive.wallacecollection.org:8080/eMuseumPlus?service=direct/1/ResultDetailView/moduleContextFunctionBar.navigator.next&sp=10&sp=Scollection&sp=SfieldValue&sp=0&sp=0&sp=2&sp=SdetailView&sp=246&sp=Sdetail&sp=0&sp=F&sp=247

European Mail : Mail cape Germany

16th century

Wallace Collection England

http://wallacelive.wallacecollection.org:8080/eMuseumPlus?service=direct/1/ResultDetailView/moduleContextFunctionBar.navigator.next&sp=10&sp=Scollection&sp=SfieldValue&sp=0&sp=0&sp=2&sp=SdetailView&sp=247&sp=Sdetail&sp=0&sp=F&sp=248

European Mail : Mail fragment

16th century

Wallace Collection England

http://wallacelive.wallacecollection.org:8080/eMuseumPlus?service=direct/1/ResultDetailView/moduleContextFunctionBar.navigator.next&sp=10&sp=Scollection&sp=SfieldValue&sp=0&sp=0&sp=2&sp=SdetailView&sp=249&sp=Sdetail&sp=0&sp=F&sp=250


1st Published : 20 Oct 2011 Page Updated: 10 Sept 2020 © Looking for the Evidence : Jennifer Baker ( Jenny Baker )