Mail Armour
Extant Mail Armour Finds
– Looking for the Evidence By Jennifer Baker ( Jenny Baker )
Research Disclaimer : Please note that This Research was done many years ago now :
so the information contained may now be out of date , photos gone missing or web links broken
My apologises : But It has become an impossible task to try and keep it up to date - Jenny
SUMMARY OF FINDS
Early Finds – BC – 6 examples
Iron Age Finds - AD – 17 examples
Roman Age Finds – 61 examples
Early Medieval Finds - 25 examples
10th Century Finds – 2 example
11th – 12th Century Finds – 3 example
13th - 14th Century Finds – 9 examples
15th – 17th Century Finds – 20 examples
Later Finds – 1 example
EARLY FINDS - BC:
Germanic / Celtic Mail: fragments of mail butted rings, Ciumeşti, Romania
3rd - 4th century BC
The earliest finds of mail are from a 3rd - 4th century BC Celtic chieftain's burial located in Ciumeşti, Romania
Rusu, M., “Das Keltische Fürstengrab von Ciumeşti in Rumänien”, Germania 50, 1969, pp. 267-269
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mail_(armour)
Mentioned in Folly Lane (Verulamium): The Mail Shirt by B. J. Gilmore
http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_22.pdf
Iron Age / Early Danish Mail: Hjortespring find on the island of Als Denmark,
dated to around 350 BC – mid to late 4th Century BC
(Rosenberg 1937) Early Iron – a study of early Danish Mail Shirts http://www.archaeometry.dk/Jern/Jouttijarvi,%20Arne;%20The%20manufacture%20of%20chain-mail.pdf
Mentioned in Folly Lane (Verulamium): The Mail Shirt by B. J. Gilmore
http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_22.pdf
Iron Age Mail: complete mail tunic butted rings only, Kirkburn, United Kingdom
3RD century BC
Mentioned in Folly Lane (Verulamium): The Mail Shirt by B. J. Gilmore
http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_22.pdf
Iron Age Cemeteries in East Yorkshire
http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_21.pdf
Iron Age Mail: fragment of mail, riveted & welded rings in alternating rows, Lexden, United Kingdom
15 – 10 BC
Mentioned in Folly Lane (Verulamium): The Mail Shirt by B. J. Gilmore
http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_22.pdf
The Lexden Tumulus: A re-appraisal of an Iron Age burial from Colchester, Essex by Jennifer Foster
http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_27.pdf
Iron Age / Roman Mail: single triangle fragment, butted rings only, Maiden Castle, United Kingdom,
1ST century BC - 1ST century AD
Mentioned in Folly Lane (Verulamium): The Mail Shirt by B. J. Gilmore
http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_22.pdf
Iron Age Mail: large fragment now destroyed, Hayling Island, Hamshire United Kingdom,
Late 1st C BC - Early 1st C AD
Mentioned in Folly Lane (Verulamium): The Mail Shirt by B. J. Gilmore
http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_22.pdf
IRON AGE FINDS - AD:
Iron Age / Germanic Mail: fragments of butted rings, Tiefenau, Switzerland metalwork deposit
– La Tene II-III,
1st century
Mentioned in Folly Lane (Verulamium): The Mail Shirt by B. J. Gilmore
http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_22.pdf
Early Danish Mail: Hedegaard Shirt : studied, ring, Jutland,
pre-Roman Iron Age
Early Iron – a study of early Danish Mail Shirts
http://www.archaeometry.dk/Jern/Jouttijarvi,%20Arne;%20The%20manufacture%20of%20chain-mail.pdf
Early Danish Mail: Brokbaer shirt,
pre-Roman Iron Age
Early Iron – a study of early Danish Mail Shirts
http://www.archaeometry.dk/Jern/Jouttijarvi,%20Arne;%20The%20manufacture%20of%20chain-mail.pdf
Early Danish Mail: Vimose Shirt, Funen
Roman Iron Age.
(Engelhardt 1869:12).
Early Iron – a study of early Danish Mail Shirts http://www.archaeometry.dk/Jern/Jouttijarvi,%20Arne;%20The%20manufacture%20of%20chain-mail.pdf
Early Danish Mail: Kastenskov shirt Roman
Iron Age.
Early Iron – a study of early Danish Mail Shirts
http://www.archaeometry.dk/Jern/Jouttijarvi,%20Arne;%20The%20manufacture%20of%20chain-mail.pdf
Iron Age Mail: Jankovo, Bulgaria
Mentioned in Folly Lane (Verulamium): The Mail Shirt by B. J. Gilmore
http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_22.pdf
Iron Age Mail: Horny Jatov Czechia / Slovakia
Mentioned in Folly Lane (Verulamium): The Mail Shirt by B. J. Gilmore
http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_22.pdf
Iron Age Mail: Zemplin Czechia / Slovakia
Mentioned in Folly Lane (Verulamium): The Mail Shirt by B. J. Gilmore
http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_22.pdf
Iron Age Mail: Aubagnan France
Mentioned in Folly Lane (Verulamium): The Mail Shirt by B. J. Gilmore
http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_22.pdf
Iron Age / Roman Mail: Boe France
Mentioned in Folly Lane (Verulamium): The Mail Shirt by B. J. Gilmore
http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_22.pdf
Iron Age Mail: Cetateni Romania
Mentioned in Folly Lane (Verulamium): The Mail Shirt by B. J. Gilmore
http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_22.pdf
Iron Age Mail: Poiana Romania
Mentioned in Folly Lane (Verulamium): The Mail Shirt by B. J. Gilmore
http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_22.pdf
Iron Age Mail: Popesti Romania
Mentioned in Folly Lane (Verulamium): The Mail Shirt by B. J. Gilmore
http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_22.pdf
Iron Age / Roman Mail: Racatau Romania
Mentioned in Folly Lane (Verulamium): The Mail Shirt by B. J. Gilmore
http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_22.pdf
Iron Age Mail: Radovanu Romania
Mentioned in Folly Lane (Verulamium): The Mail Shirt by B. J. Gilmore
http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_22.pdf
Iron Age Mail: smalll fragments of mail, riveted and welded rings ina alternate rows,
Baldock, United Kingdom,
20 – 35 AD
Mentioned in Folly Lane (Verulamium): The Mail Shirt by B. J. Gilmore
http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_22.pdf
Iron Age Mail: fragment of Mail, butted rings only, Stanwick, Yorkshire United Kingdom,
50 AD
Mentioned in Folly Lane (Verulamium): The Mail Shirt by B. J. Gilmore
http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_22.pdf
Iron Age/ Roman Mail: unstratified lager fragment, riveted & punched rings in alternative rows, Woodeaton, Oxon, United Kingdom,
early 1st century AD
Mentioned in Folly Lane (Verulamium): The Mail Shirt by B. J. Gilmore
http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_22.pdf
A Fragment of Chain-Mail from the Romano-British Temple Site at Woodeaton by E. M. Jope
http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_29.pdf
ROMAN AGE FINDS
Roman Mail: full hamata shirt, Arbeia Roman fort, Tyne and Wear, Segedunum, Wallsend, Northumberland United Kingdom,
late third or early fourth century,
http://www.armatura.connectfree.co.uk/arma/mail.htm
The Roman Fort at Wallsend (Segedunum): Excavations in 1997-8
http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_18.pdf
Roman / Early Danish Mail: Vimose Shirt, Funen / Vismose Denmark,
2nd-3rd C AD
The solid rings are stamped and the rivetted ones are drawn, the almost complete shirt, weighs only 8 kg.
Danish National Museum (Engelhardt 1863:59; 1869:12)
Early Iron – a study of early Danish Mail Shirts
http://www.archaeometry.dk/Jern/Jouttijarvi,%20Arne;%20The%20manufacture%20of%20chain-mail.pdf
Mentioned in Folly Lane (Verulamium): The Mail Shirt by B. J. Gilmore
http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_22.pdf
Roman Mail / Early Danish Mail: Brokaer shirt, Brokaer near Ribe in western Jutland.
Roman Iron Age.
Early Iron – a study of early Danish Mail Shirts
http://www.archaeometry.dk/Jern/Jouttijarvi,%20Arne;%20The%20manufacture%20of%20chain-mail.pdf
Mentioned in Folly Lane (Verulamium): The Mail Shirt by B. J. Gilmore
http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_22.pdf
Technische Untersuchung der kaiserzeitlichen Ringbrünne von Brokær von Arne Jouttijärvi
http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_25.pdf
Roman / Early Danish Mail: Thorsberg Shirt, and the parts of 5 – 6 mail garments, riverted & welded or punched rings, South Jutland, Thorsbjorg Schleswig Germany, votive bog deposit:
3RD century AD Roman Iron Age.
(Engelhardt 1863:59; 1869:12)
Early Iron – a study of early Danish Mail Shirts
http://www.archaeometry.dk/Jern/Jouttijarvi,%20Arne;%20The%20manufacture%20of%20chain-mail.pdf
Mentioned in Folly Lane (Verulamium): The Mail Shirt by B. J. Gilmore
http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_22.pdf
Roman Mail: Carumtum, Austria
Mentioned in Folly Lane (Verulamium): The Mail Shirt by B. J. Gilmore
http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_22.pdf
Roman Mail: Barsbo Denmark
Mentioned in Folly Lane (Verulamium): The Mail Shirt by B. J. Gilmore
http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_22.pdf
Roman Mail: Neder-Jerstal Denmark
Mentioned in Folly Lane (Verulamium): The Mail Shirt by B. J. Gilmore
http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_22.pdf
Roman Mail: Chassenard France
Mentioned in Folly Lane (Verulamium): The Mail Shirt by B. J. Gilmore
http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_22.pdf
Roman Mail: Lyon France
Mentioned in Folly Lane (Verulamium): The Mail Shirt by B. J. Gilmore
http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_22.pdf
Roman Mail: Strasbourg France
Mentioned in Folly Lane (Verulamium): The Mail Shirt by B. J. Gilmore
http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_22.pdf
Roman Mail: Berlitt Germany
Mentioned in Folly Lane (Verulamium): The Mail Shirt by B. J. Gilmore
http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_22.pdf
Roman Mail: Bockhorn Germany
Mentioned in Folly Lane (Verulamium): The Mail Shirt by B. J. Gilmore
http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_22.pdf
Roman Mail: Borstel Germany
Mentioned in Folly Lane (Verulamium): The Mail Shirt by B. J. Gilmore
http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_22.pdf
Roman Mail: Camin Germany
Mentioned in Folly Lane (Verulamium): The Mail Shirt by B. J. Gilmore
http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_22.pdf
Roman Mail: Dahlhausen Germany
Mentioned in Folly Lane (Verulamium): The Mail Shirt by B. J. Gilmore
http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_22.pdf
Roman Mail: Cheine Germany
Mentioned in Folly Lane (Verulamium): The Mail Shirt by B. J. Gilmore
http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_22.pdf
Roman Mail: Dessau-Grosskuhnau Germany
Mentioned in Folly Lane (Verulamium): The Mail Shirt by B. J. Gilmore
http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_22.pdf
Roman Mail: Gross Gartz Germany
Mentioned in Folly Lane (Verulamium): The Mail Shirt by B. J. Gilmore
http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_22.pdf
Roman Mail: Hagenow Germany
Mentioned in Folly Lane (Verulamium): The Mail Shirt by B. J. Gilmore
http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_22.pdf
Roman Mail: Hemmorr- Warstade Germany
Mentioned in Folly Lane (Verulamium): The Mail Shirt by B. J. Gilmore
http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_22.pdf
Roman Mail: Issendorf Germany
Mentioned in Folly Lane (Verulamium): The Mail Shirt by B. J. Gilmore
http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_22.pdf
Roman Mail: Kasseedorf Germany
Mentioned in Folly Lane (Verulamium): The Mail Shirt by B. J. Gilmore
http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_22.pdf
Roman Mail: Kemnitz Germany
Mentioned in Folly Lane (Verulamium): The Mail Shirt by B. J. Gilmore
http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_22.pdf
Roman Mail: Kiel Germany
Mentioned in Folly Lane (Verulamium): The Mail Shirt by B. J. Gilmore
http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_22.pdf
Roman Mail: Mail shirt Kastell, Kunzing Germany c.250 AD
Mentioned in Folly Lane (Verulamium): The Mail Shirt by B. J. Gilmore
http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_22.pdf
Roman Mail: Mainz Germany
Mentioned in Folly Lane (Verulamium): The Mail Shirt by B. J. Gilmore
http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_22.pdf
Roman Mail: Putensen Germany
Mentioned in Folly Lane (Verulamium): The Mail Shirt by B. J. Gilmore
http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_22.pdf
Roman Mail: Mail shirt Saalburg Germany c. 150 AD
Mentioned in Folly Lane (Verulamium): The Mail Shirt by B. J. Gilmore
http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_22.pdf
Roman Mail: Sorup Germany
Mentioned in Folly Lane (Verulamium): The Mail Shirt by B. J. Gilmore
http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_22.pdf
Roman Mail: Suderbrarup Germany
Mentioned in Folly Lane (Verulamium): The Mail Shirt by B. J. Gilmore
http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_22.pdf
Roman Mail: Weissenburg Germany
Mentioned in Folly Lane (Verulamium): The Mail Shirt by B. J. Gilmore
http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_22.pdf
Roman Mail: Westerwanna Germany
Mentioned in Folly Lane (Verulamium): The Mail Shirt by B. J. Gilmore
http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_22.pdf
Roman Mail: Wollenrade Germany
Mentioned in Folly Lane (Verulamium): The Mail Shirt by B. J. Gilmore
http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_22.pdf
Roman Mail: Zugmantel Germany
Mentioned in Folly Lane (Verulamium): The Mail Shirt by B. J. Gilmore
http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_22.pdf
Roman Mail: Samothrace Greece
Mentioned in Folly Lane (Verulamium): The Mail Shirt by B. J. Gilmore
http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_22.pdf
Roman Mail: Aquileia Italy
Mentioned in Folly Lane (Verulamium): The Mail Shirt by B. J. Gilmore
http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_22.pdf
Roman Mail: Pompei Italy
Mentioned in Folly Lane (Verulamium): The Mail Shirt by B. J. Gilmore
http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_22.pdf
Roman Mail: Weiler-La-Tour Luxembourg
Mentioned in Folly Lane (Verulamium): The Mail Shirt by B. J. Gilmore
http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_22.pdf
Roman Mail: Den Haag Netherlands
Mentioned in Folly Lane (Verulamium): The Mail Shirt by B. J. Gilmore
http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_22.pdf
Roman Mail: Fragments of a lorica hamata, 25 pieces of riverted rings from Burrow 1,
Fluitenberg, Netherlands ,
2nd or 3rd AD
Sanden, WAB van in 1993: 'Fragments of a lorica hamata from a barrow at Fluitenberg, Netherlands', Journal of Roman Military Equipment Studies 4, 1-8
Sanden, W.A.B. van der 1992: 'Resten van een lorica hamata uit Fluitenberg, gem. Ruinen', Nieuwe Drentse Volksalmanak 109, 155-66
http://www.twmuseums.org.uk/archive/arma/welc/bibsu.htm
Fragments of a lorica hamata from a barrow at Fluitenberg, Netherlands
http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_24.pdf
Mentioned in Folly Lane (Verulamium): The Mail Shirt by B. J. Gilmore
http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_22.pdf
Roman Mail: Ouddorp Netherlands
1st Cent. AD
- This find bronze mail served as the foundation for a scale armour - the "lorica plumata
Mentioned in Folly Lane (Verulamium): The Mail Shirt by B. J. Gilmore
http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_22.pdf
Roman Mail: Vechten Netherlands
Mentioned in Folly Lane (Verulamium): The Mail Shirt by B. J. Gilmore
http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_22.pdf
Roman Mail: Zwammerdam Netherlands
Mentioned in Folly Lane (Verulamium): The Mail Shirt by B. J. Gilmore
http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_22.pdf
Roman Mail: Komorow Poland
Mentioned in Folly Lane (Verulamium): The Mail Shirt by B. J. Gilmore
http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_22.pdf
Roman Mail: Mlodzikowo Poland
Mentioned in Folly Lane (Verulamium): The Mail Shirt by B. J. Gilmore
http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_22.pdf
Roman Mail: Opatow Poland
Mentioned in Folly Lane (Verulamium): The Mail Shirt by B. J. Gilmore
http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_22.pdf
Roman Mail: Witaszewice Poland
Mentioned in Folly Lane (Verulamium): The Mail Shirt by B. J. Gilmore
http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_22.pdf
Roman Mail: Zadowice Poland
Mentioned in Folly Lane (Verulamium): The Mail Shirt by B. J. Gilmore
http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_22.pdf
Roman Mail: Granby Sweden
Mentioned in Folly Lane (Verulamium): The Mail Shirt by B. J. Gilmore
http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_22.pdf
Roman Mail: Oeremolla Sweden
Mentioned in Folly Lane (Verulamium): The Mail Shirt by B. J. Gilmore
http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_22.pdf
Roman Mail: Riveted + Solid (punched), Baginton, Warwickshire United Kingdom,
c.50 AD
Mentioned in Folly Lane (Verulamium): The Mail Shirt by B. J. Gilmore
http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_22.pdf
Roman Mail: Caerleon, United Kingdom
Mentioned in Folly Lane (Verulamium): The Mail Shirt by B. J. Gilmore
http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_22.pdf
Roman Mail: Carlingwark Loch, United Kingdom
Mentioned in Folly Lane (Verulamium): The Mail Shirt by B. J. Gilmore
http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_22.pdf
Technical Note on the Fragment of Iron Mail from Carlingwark Loch by E. Martin Burgess
http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_16.pdf
Roman Mail: Castlehaven, Kirkdbt, United Kingdom
Mentioned in Folly Lane (Verulamium): The Mail Shirt by B. J. Gilmore
http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_22.pdf
Roman Mail: Chesters, United Kingdom
Mentioned in Folly Lane (Verulamium): The Mail Shirt by B. J. Gilmore
http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_22.pdf
Roman Mail: Colchester, United Kingdom
Mentioned in Folly Lane (Verulamium): The Mail Shirt by B. J. Gilmore
http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_22.pdf
Roman Mail: Housesteads, United Kingdom
Mentioned in Folly Lane (Verulamium): The Mail Shirt by B. J. Gilmore
http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_22.pdf
Roman Mail: Manchester, United Kingdom
Mentioned in Folly Lane (Verulamium): The Mail Shirt by B. J. Gilmore
http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_22.pdf
Roman Mail: Riveted + Solid (punched), Newstead, United Kingdom,
1st C AD,
Mail shirt used as foundation for a scale armour … the "lorica plumata
Mentioned in Folly Lane (Verulamium): The Mail Shirt by B. J. Gilmore
http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_22.pdf
Roman Mail: Riveted + Solid (punched), Newstead, United Kingdom,
c. 150 AD,
Mail shirt
Mentioned in Folly Lane (Verulamium): The Mail Shirt by B. J. Gilmore
http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_22.pdf
Roman Mail: Folly Lane Mail Armour : Riverted & welded rings - Folded iron mail armour from Folly Lane burial, St Albans, United Kingdom,
50 – 55 AD,
- a full complete hamata shirt in the Verulamium Museum in St Albans.
http://www.stalbansmuseums.org.uk/Sites/Verulamium-Museum/Top-ten-objects-Archaeology-Collection
Folly Lane (Verulamium): The Mail Shirt by B. J. Gilmore
http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_22.pdf
EARLY MEDIEVAL FINDS
Early Medieval Mail: Enverneu France
Mentioned in Folly Lane (Verulamium): The Mail Shirt by B. J. Gilmore
http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_22.pdf
Early Medieval Mail: Vezelise France
Mentioned in Folly Lane (Verulamium): The Mail Shirt by B. J. Gilmore
http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_22.pdf
Early Medieval Mail: Gammertingen Germany
Mentioned in Folly Lane (Verulamium): The Mail Shirt by B. J. Gilmore
http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_22.pdf
Early Medieval Mail: Garderen Netherlands
Mentioned in Folly Lane (Verulamium): The Mail Shirt by B. J. Gilmore
http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_22.pdf
Early Medieval Mail: Opalenica Poland
Mentioned in Folly Lane (Verulamium): The Mail Shirt by B. J. Gilmore
http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_22.pdf
Early Medieval Mail: Sutton Hoo, United Kingdom
Mentioned in Folly Lane (Verulamium): The Mail Shirt by B. J. Gilmore
http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_22.pdf
Early Medieval Mail: Helm with Mail Curtain, Coppergate, York, United Kingdom Anglo-Saxon,
c.750-775 AD
The Anglian Helm from Coppergate by Dominic Tweddle (The Mail Curtain)
http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_20.pdf
http://www.vikingsonline.org.uk/resources/authenticity/chainmail/index.htm
Early Medieval Mail: Mail Shirt , Vendel, Uppland, Sweden -
600 / 640 AD ,
Grave VENDEL I
http://www.vikingsonline.org.uk/resources/authenticity/chainmail/index.htm
Early Medieval Mail: Mail ?? Lapped & Riveted, Vendel, Uppland, Sweden -
720 / 750 AD ,
Grave VENDEL III
http://www.vikingsonline.org.uk/resources/authenticity/chainmail/index.htm
Early Medieval Mail: Mail ?? , Vendel, Uppland, Sweden -
520 / 600 AD ,
Grave VENDEL X
http://www.vikingsonline.org.uk/resources/authenticity/chainmail/index.htm
Early Medieval Mail: Mail Aventail Lapped & Riveted, Vendel, Uppland, Sweden -
520 / 600 AD ,
Grave VENDEL XI - Fragment A
http://www.vikingsonline.org.uk/resources/authenticity/chainmail/index.htm
Early Medieval Mail: Mail ??? Lapped & Riveted, Vendel, Uppland, Sweden -
520 / 600 AD ,
Grave VENDEL XI - Fragment B
http://www.vikingsonline.org.uk/resources/authenticity/chainmail/index.htm
Early Medieval Mail: Mail ??? , Vendel, Uppland, Sweden -
520 / 600 AD ,
Grave VENDEL XI - Fragment C
http://www.vikingsonline.org.uk/resources/authenticity/chainmail/index.htm
Early Medieval Mail: Mail ?? Lapped & Riveted, Vendel, Uppland, Sweden -
520 / 600 AD ,
Grave VENDEL XI - Fragment D
http://www.vikingsonline.org.uk/resources/authenticity/chainmail/index.htm
Early Medieval Mail: Mail ??? Lapped & Riveted, Vendel, Uppland, Sweden -
520 / 600 AD ,
Grave VENDEL XI - Fragment E
http://www.vikingsonline.org.uk/resources/authenticity/chainmail/index.htm
Early Medieval Mail: Mail Aventail, Vendel, Uppland, Sweden -
520 / 600 AD ,
Grave VENDEL XII
http://www.vikingsonline.org.uk/resources/authenticity/chainmail/index.htm
Early Medieval Mail: Mail ??? Lapped & Riveted, Akershus, Smedenga i Ullensaker Norway -
600 AD
http://www.vikingsonline.org.uk/resources/authenticity/chainmail/index.htm
Early Medieval Mail: Mail ??? Lapped & Riveted, Landshammer, Sodermanland Sweden,
600 - 650 AD ,
Landshammer RAA 26 Grave A
http://www.vikingsonline.org.uk/resources/authenticity/chainmail/index.htm
Early Medieval Mail: Mail Aventail Valsgarde , Uppland Sweden,
600 - 680 AD,
Grave Valsgarde 6
http://www.vikingsonline.org.uk/resources/authenticity/chainmail/index.htm
Early Medieval Mail: Mail Aventail Valsgarde , Uppland Sweden,
600 - 680 AD,
Grave Valsgarde 7
http://www.vikingsonline.org.uk/resources/authenticity/chainmail/index.htm
Early Medieval Mail: Mail Aventail Valsgarde , Uppland Sweden,
600 - 680 AD,
Grave Valsgarde 8
http://www.vikingsonline.org.uk/resources/authenticity/chainmail/index.htm
Early Medieval Mail: Mail ?? Lapped & riveted Gotland ,
Viking or later,
Slite graves 14.7 & 8, Gotaland
http://www.vikingsonline.org.uk/resources/authenticity/chainmail/index.htm
Early Medieval Mail: Mail ?? Lapped & riveted Gotland ,
Viking? ,
Vate, Tuna, Gotland
http://www.vikingsonline.org.uk/resources/authenticity/chainmail/index.htm
Early Medieval Mail: Mail ?? Lapped & riveted Gotland ,
Viking? ,
Vate, Tuna, Gotland
http://www.vikingsonline.org.uk/resources/authenticity/chainmail/index.htm
Early Medieval Mail: Mail or Chain. Square section, Lapped & riveted Gotland ,
Viking? ,
Vate, Tuna, Gotland
http://www.vikingsonline.org.uk/resources/authenticity/chainmail/index.htm
10TH CENTURY FINDS
Viking Mail : riveted and solid rings, Gjermundbu Norway
10th century
The diameter of the rings in the Gjermundbu shirt average 8mm (0.3 in), and the wire diameter averages 1.2mm (0.05 in, about 16 gauge).
Universitets Oldsaksamling in Oslo, Norway, Reference No C273171
http://www.hurstwic.org/history/articles/manufacturing/text/viking_mail.htm
The Gjermundbu Mail Shirt by Stephen Francis Wyley
http://www.angelfire.com/wy/svenskildbiter/armsandarmour/mailshrt.html
Ring Weave: A metallographical analysis of ring mail material at the Oldsaksamlingen in Oslo by Vegard Vike (Norwegian)
http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_14.pdf
Viking Mail : Mail Fragments About 100 finds of mail fragments, alternating rows of riveted and solid rings– Birka Sweden,
10th century
Mail from the ‘Garrison’ of Birka By Peter Beatson
http://members.ozemail.com.au/~chrisandpeter/mail/birka_mail.htm
Ringväa från Birkas garnison
http://www.themailresearchsociety.erikds.com/pdf_files/tmrs_pdf_19.pdf
11TH – 12TH CENTURY FINDS
Swedish Mail : rolled-up mail shirt Kungslena Sweden ,
High Middle Ages – 1208
The roll is c. 34 cm long and 17 cm in diameter. It weighs 15.3 kg. The rings are "nut shaped" and have an outer diameter of 11 mm.
Statens Historiska Museum, Stockholm, SHM 2677
http://www.djurfeldt.com/patrik/kungslena.html
Norman Mail: Mail byrnie from the Museum of Bayeux
c. 12th century,
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bayeux_haubert.JPG
Russian Mail : Secret Chamber of the Kremlin - Russian arms and armor
12th-19th centuries.
Display case.
13TH - 14TH CENTURY FINDS
Viking Mail : Sveinsströnd Iceland
Originally thought to be from the 10th century, it has more recently been dated from the 13th century or later
http://www.hurstwic.org/history/articles/manufacturing/text/viking_mail.htm
Swedish Mail : mail coifs, Korsbetningen - outside Wisby, Gotlands,
High Middle Ages - 1361
About 185 mail coifs recovered from mass grave.
http://www.djurfeldt.com/patrik/mailcoif.html
A paper on the construction of these coifs, by Tommy Hellman, "Ringbrynjehuvor från massgravarna vid Korsbetningen", is now available (text in Swedish with an English summary).
http://www.djurfeldt.com/patrik/cupps.html
European Mail : Hauberk (Mail Shirt) Riveted steel rings, European,
1400s
http://www.arador.com/articles/cleveland.html
European Mail : Hauberk (Mail Shirt) Riveted steel rings, European,
1400s
http://www.arador.com/articles/cleveland.html
European Mail : Collar Riveted steel rings European,
1400s
http://www.arador.com/articles/cleveland.html
European Mail : Hauberk (Mail Shirt) Riveted steel and brass rings; modern buckles and straps, Germany(?), about 1400-50
http://www.arador.com/articles/cleveland.html
European Mail : Hauberk (Mail Shirt) Riveted steel rings European,
1400s
http://www.arador.com/articles/cleveland.html
Russian Mail: a short sleeved Hauberk, Kulikovo Battle Field, Russia,
1380 AD
Medieval Russian Armies 1250-1500 By V. Shpakovsky, David Nicolle, Angus McBride Page 45 & 46
European Mail : Mail shirt Augsburg, Germany
late 14th century or early 15th century
Wallace Collection England
15TH – 17TH CENTURY FINDS
European Mail : Bishop's Mantle (Cape) Riveted steel (some brass) rings, European (German or Swiss?), about 1520-30
http://www.arador.com/articles/cleveland.html
European Mail : Maille Shirt,
15th C.
The Royal Museum of the Army and Military History in Brussels, Belgium
http://www.arador.com/gallery/index.html
Russian Mail: Mail & Plate Bekhterets Russia,
Late 15th or 16th Century
Medieval Russian Armies 1250-1500 By V. Shpakovsky, David Nicolle, Angus McBride Page 45
Russian Mail: Mail & Plate Bekhterets Russia,
Late 16th or 17th Century
State Hermitage Museum Petersburg Russia - Moscow Armoury workshops - Hauberk Half Armour, or Bakhterets - Late 16th - early 17th centuries
http://www.hermitagemuseum.org/html_En/03/hm3_4_1c.html
European Mail : Mail shirt Germany
2nd quarter of 15th century
Wallace Collection England
European Mail : Mail shirt Germany
mid 15th century 1450 - 1600
Wallace Collection England
European Mail : Mail shirt
mid 15th century
Wallace Collection England
European Mail : Mail shirt
mid 15th century
Wallace Collection England
European Mail : Mail shirt and associated mufflers
late 15th century
Wallace Collection England
European Mail : Mail shirt Germany
16th century
Wallace Collection England
European Mail : Mail cap
15th century
Wallace Collection England
European Mail : Mail standard ( neck protection)
late 15th century
Wallace Collection England
European Mail : Mail Sleeve
15th century - 16th century
Wallace Collection England
European Mail : Mail Sleeve
15th century - 16th century
Wallace Collection England
European Mail : Mail Sleeve
16th century
Wallace Collection England
European Mail : Mail Sleeve
16th century
Wallace Collection England
European Mail : Mail Sleeve
16th century
Wallace Collection England
European Mail : Mail Sleeve
16th century
Wallace Collection England
European Mail : Mail cape Germany
16th century
Wallace Collection England
European Mail : Mail fragment
16th century
Wallace Collection England
LATER FINDS:
European Mail : Mail hose
19th century
Wallace Collection England
1st Published : 20 Oct 2011 Page Updated: 10 Sept 2020 © Looking for the Evidence : Jennifer Baker ( Jenny Baker )