Abstract: This paper traces the formation of politicians’ policy preferences to their early-life experiences. Based on biographical information on 2,806 County Party Secretaries (CPSs) and fiscal data from the 1,713 counties they governed during the 1998–2007 period. We find that a one-percentage-point increase in the early-life famine severity experienced by a CPS increases fiscal expenditures on agriculture by 0.8% and on social security subsidies by 1.1%. Agricultural taxes are reduced significantly, boosting grain production in the CPSs’ work counties. Our findings suggest that CPSs who experience early-life famine may develop preferences for food sufficiency and care for people suffering hardships.