My research broadly investigates how we understand meaning in words and sentences. I specifically approach this topic using theories of embodiment and run experiments using eye-tracking and behavioural methods.
Peer-reviewed articles
Speed, L. J., Eekhof, L. S., & Mak, M. (2024) The role of visual imagery in story reading: Evidence from aphantasia. Consciousness and Cognition 118, 103645.
Speed, L. J., & Brysbaert, M. (2023). Ratings of valence, arousal, happiness, anger, fear, sadness, disgust, and surprise for 24,000 Dutch words. Behavior Research Methods, 1-17.
Muraki, E. J., Speed, L. J., & Pexman, P. M. (2023). Insights into embodied cognition and mental imagery from aphantasia. Nature Reviews Psychology, 591-605.
Mamus, E., Speed, L. J., Özyürek, A., & Majid, A. (2023) The effect of input sensory modality on the multimodal encoding of motion events. Language, Cognition and Neuroscience 38 (5), 711-723.
Mamus, E., Speed, L. J., Rissman, L., Özyürek, A., & Majid, A. (2023) Lack of visual experience affects multimodal language production: Evidence from congenitally blind and sighted people. Cognitive Science 47 (1), e13228
Kurcikova, N. & Speed, L. J. (2023). Children's multisensory experiences in museums: How olfaction interacts with colour. Frontiers in Education, 8
Speed, L. J., de Valk, J., Croijmans, I., Huisman, J. L., & Majid, A. (2023). Odor‐color associations are not mediated by concurrent verbalization. Cognitive Science, 47(4), e13266.
Speed, L. J., Papies, E. K., & Majid, A. (2023). Mental simulation across sensory modalities predicts attractiveness of food concepts .Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 29 (3), 557-571
Speed, L. J., Iravani, B., Lundström, J., & Majid, A. (2022) Losing the sense of smell does not disrupt processing of odor words. Brain & Language
Mamus, E., Speed, L. J., Özyürek , A., & Majid, A. (2022). The effect of input sensory modality on the multimodal encoding of motion events. Language, Cognition, and Neuroscience
Ibañez, A., Kühne, K., Miklashevsky, A., Monaco, E., Muraki, E., Ranzini, M., Speed, L. J. & Tuena, C. (2023). Ecological meanings: A consensus paper on individual differences and contextual influences in embodied language. Journal of Cognition 6 (1)
Speed, L. J., Croijmans, I., Dolscheid, S., & Majid, A. (2021). Crossmodal associations with olfactory, auditory, and tactile stimuli in children and adults. i-Perception.
Speed, L. J., & Brysbaert, M. (2021). Dutch sensory modality norms. Behavior Research Methods
Speed, L. J., Atkinson, A., Wnuk, E., & Majid, A. (2021). The sound of smell: Sound-symbolism and odor pleasantness. Cognitive Science 45(5), e12980
Speed, L. J., Chen, J., Huettig, F., & Majid, A. (2021). Classifier categories reflect, but do not affect, conceptual organization. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 47(4), 625-640
Croijmans, I., Arshamian, A., Speed, L. J., & Majid (2021). Wine experts’ recognition of wine odors is not verbally mediated. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 150(3), 545-559
Croijmans, I., Speed, L.J., Arshamian, A., & Majid, A. (2020). Expertise shapes multimodal imagery of wine. Cognitive Science 44 (5)
Speed, L. J. & Majid, A. (2019). Grounding language in the neglected senses of touch, taste, and smell. Cognitive Neuropsychology
Speed, L.J. & Majid, A. (2019). Linguistic features of fragrances: The role of grammatical and semantic gender. Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics 81(6), 2063 -2077
Peters Rit, M., Croijmans, I., & Speed, L. J. (2019). High-tempo and stinky: high arousal sound-odor congruence affects product memory. Multisensory Research 32(4-5), 347-366
Croijmans, I.*, Speed, L. J.*, Arshamian, A., & Majid (2019). Measuring multisensory imagery of wine: The Vividness of Wine Imagery Questionnaire (VWIQ). Multisensory Research 32(3), 179-195
Speed, L. J. & Majid, A. (2018). Music and odor in harmony: A case of music-odor synaesthesia. Proceedings of the 40th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society. Wisconsin, MA: Cognitive Science Society.
Speed, L. J., van Dam, W. O., Vigliocco, G., & Desai, R. (2018). Movement speed affects speed language comprehension. Proceedings of the 40th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society. Wisconsin, MA: Cognitive Science Society.
Speed L. J. & Majid A. (2018). An exception to mental simulation: No evidence for embodied odor language. Cognitive Science 42(4), 1146-1178
Speed L. J. & Majid A. (2018). Superior olfactory language and cognition in odor synaesthesia. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 44(3), 468-481
Speed, L.J., van Dam, W. O., Hirath, P. Vigliocco, G., & Desai, R. (2017). Impaired comprehension of speed verbs in Parkinson’s disease. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society,23(5), 412-420.
van Dam, W. O., Speed, L. J., Lai, V., Vigliocco, G. & Desai, R. H. (2017). Effects of motion speed in action representations. Brain and Language, 168, 47-56
Speed, L. J., & Majid, A. (2017). Dutch modality exclusivity norms: Simulating perceptual modality in space. Behavior Research Methods.
Majid, A., Speed, L. J., Croijmans, I., & Arshamian, A. (2017) What makes a better smeller? Perception, 46(3-4), 406-430.
Speed, L. J. & Majid, A. (2016). Grammatical gender affects odor cognition. Proceedings of the 38 Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society. Philadelphia, PA: Cognitive Science Society.
Speed, L. J., Chen, J., Huettig, F., & Majid, A. (2016). Do classifier categories affect or reflect object concepts? Proceedings of the 38 Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society. Philadelphia, PA: Cognitive Science Society.
Speed, L. J. (2016) How can olfactory studies inform theories of perception and language? The Psychologist, 29, 510-515.
Speed, L. J. & Vigliocco, G. (2014) Eye movements reveal the dynamic simulation of speed in language. Cognitive Science 38 (2), 367-382
Books
Speed, L.J., O’Meara, C., San Roque, L., & Majid (Eds.) (2019). Perception metaphors. John Benjamins.
Book Chapters
Verbeek, C., Boesveldt, S. & Speed, L. J. (2023). Hoe ruikt blauw? Hoe de andere zintuigen ons kunnen helpen om geuren te omschrijven. Neuswijzer. Amsterdam: Boom.
O’Meara, C., Speed, L. J., San Roque, L., & Majid, A. (2019). Perception metaphors: A view from diversity. In Speed, O'Meara, San Roque, & Majid (Eds.) Perception metaphors. John Benjamins.
Speed, L. J., Wnuk, E., & Majid, A. (2017). Methods for studying psycholinguistics out-of-the-lab. In Annette de Groot, & Peter Hagoort (Eds.) Research Methods in Psycholinguistics: A Practical Guide. Wiley Blackwell
Speed, L.J. & Vigliocco, G. (2015) Space, time and speed in language and perception. In Y. Coello, & M. Fischer (Eds.), Foundations of Embodied Cognition. New York: Psychology Press.
Speed, L. J., Vinson, D. & Vigliocco, G (2015) Representing meaning. Ewa Dabrowska & Dagmar Divjak (Eds.). Handbook of Cognitive Linguistics. London/New York: De Gruyter Mouton