Research

Insect olfaction

The remarkable capabilities organized by the brain — from seeing to singing, from remembering to running — originate in the electrical activities of neurons. Neurons interact with each other forming circuits, which process sensory information and drive appropriate behaviors. We are broadly interested in understanding how these circuits encode innate behavioral preferences. We use the insect olfactory system (sense of smell) as a model system as it is amenable to detailed in vivo experiments and at the same complex enough to provide insights into our own brains. Our initial focus is on understanding the brain mechanisms that govern how specific smells become attractive or repulsive to insects. In particular, we are examining the neural responses in the brains of mosquitoes while they detect the attractive odor of a human or the repulsive odor of a repellent cream. We are also studying how neural circuits control similarities and differences across individuals of the same species. We use a variety of techniques, including in vivo electrophysiology, histology and calcium imaging, behavioral observations (using custom-designed behavioral chambers created in our workshop), genetic manipulations (using CRISPR/Cas9), and computational modeling (including simulations of neural networks, analytical proofs, and analysis of connectomic datasets).

For becoming familiar with the background for this work, please watch our introductory course on neurobiology on Youtube.

Computerized cognitive training for mental health

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is a standard psychotherapeutic approach for treating depression. However, its reach is limited by the dearth of good therapists, especially in remote areas, and the high costs and stigma associated with visits to a psychiatric clinic. Computerized CBT has emerged as an alternative, but its effectiveness has been limited so far. We are developing a new, web-based, and fully automated tool called TreadWill for delivering cognitive training with high interactivity and personalization to increase effectiveness and adherence.

We thank SERB, DBT, wellcome Trust, DST, UGC, and IIT Kanpur for funding our research over the years.