Organic and Hybrid Photovoltaics 

Solar cells that converting light energy into electricity where silicon based devices are popular and demonstrating very high-power conversion efficiencies (~ 20-30%) due to their adequate band gap and semiconducting properties. However, the processing conditions for preparing amorphous silicon films and devices are not cost effective and several alternative candidates have been proposed. Among them, organic semiconductor based solar cells are one of the notable replacements that can processed on plastic substrates. A bulk donor/acceptor heterojunction made of two different organic materials acts as a junction to dissociate the incoming exciton into charge carriers. Recently, hybrid approaches containing organic-inorganic semiconductor also reported to overcome the tedious process employed with silicon solar cells. In all devices, the charge extraction from the absorption layer is a challengeable and proper interface alignment required for the superior performances.