Here is a collection of the literature on the regularity of maximal functions. This list is likely to be incomplete and will need periodical updating. Please email me with any omissions. When possible, I link to the published version of the article.
J. Kinnunen and M. Olli, Maximal operator and superharmonicity. Function spaces, differential operators and nonlinear analysis (Pudasjärvi, 1999), 157–169, Acad. Sci. Czech Repub., Prague, 2000.
J. Bober, E. Carneiro, K. Hughes and L. B. Pierce, On a discrete version of Tanaka’s theorem for maximal functions, Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 140 (2012), 1669–1680.
E. Carneiro and K. Hughes, On the endpoint regularity of discrete maximal operators, Math. Res. Lett. 19, no. 6 (2012), 1245–1262.
E. Carneiro and B. F. Svaiter, On the variation of maximal operators of convolution type, J. Funct. Anal. 265 (2013), 837–865.
O. Kurka, On the variation of the Hardy-Littlewood maximal function, Ann. Acad. Sci. Fenn. Math. 40 (2015), 109–133.