India

Information

ccTLD: IN (the date of ccTLD delegation: 1989-05-08)

Population (Year)

1,094,870,677 (2000) 1,173,108,018 (2010) 1,189,172,906 (2011)

Internet Population (Year)

5,000,000 (2000) 100,000,000 (2010) 121,000,000 (2011)

Broadband Population (Year)

10,990,000 (2010)

IP Address Allocation (Year):

Number of IPv4 addresses: 34,682,624 (2012)

Number of IPv6/48s : 12,910,620 (2012)

5 Popular Websites[from alexa.com]:

Bibliography

[IITBombay 2009] Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, "40TH BIRTHDAY OF THE INTERNET" http://www.iitbombay.org/news/Current/40th-birthday-of-the-internet, 2009.

[Meleadan 2015] Vivin Varghese Meleadan, The Indian Digital Revolution, APRICOT, Fukuoka, 2015.

[Ramani 2011] Srinivasan Ramani, "Bringing the Internet to India," in Netchakra: Fifteen Years of the Intenet in India: Retrospective and Roadmap, Madanmohan Rao and Osama Manzoo, Eds., Digital Empowerment Foundation, Delhi. Nov. 2011. http://netchakra.net/

Introduction

Srinivasan Ramani

India’s adoption of the Internet started with the Education and Research Network Project (ERNET) aimed at creating India’s academic network. It began with UUCP email exchange in 1986/87 and established TCP/IP connectivity between major cities in 1988. A TCP over X.25 connection was the first international link, set up in 1987. This connected India to the world through a router at CWI in Amsterdam. A TCP/IP link was commissioned to UUNET’s gateway in the US in 1988 using a dial-up link that worked round the clock. This dial-up link was replaced by an analog leased line in 1989 and a 64 Kbps digital leased line in 1992. A commercial service offering TCP/IP connectivity to the world was introduced by a company, VSNL, in 1995. There has been explosive growth after 2000, and the Telecom Regulatory Authority released estimates as of Sept 2010 as follows: 17.9 million Internet connections and 71 million Internet users.

1989 1st Email sent on ERNET to the west. Email and information services.

1990 Leased line connection to USA, worldwide TCP/IP connection.

1995 VSNL starts public email service.

2000 BSES Telecom starts broadband service, the Power Surfer, in Mumbai based on its fibre network.