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TIPS FOR PUBLIC SPEAKING
1 Know the needs of your audience and match your contents to their needs. Know your material thoroughly. Put what you have to say in a logical sequence. Ensure your speech will be captivating to your audience as well as worth their time and attention. Practice and rehearse your speech at home or where you can be at ease and comfortable, in front of a mirror, your family, friends or colleagues. Use a tape-recorder and listen to yourself. Videotape your presentation and analyse it. Know what your strong and weak points are. Emphasize your strong points during your presentation.
2 When you are presenting in front of an audience, you are performing as an actor is on stage. How you are being perceived is very important. Dress appropriately for the occasion. Be solemn if your topic is serious. Present the desired image to your audience. Look pleasant, enthusiastic, confident, proud, but not arrogant. Remain calm. Appear relaxed, even if you feel nervous. Speak slowly, enunciate clearly, and show appropriate emotion and feeling relating to your topic. Establish rapport with your audience. Speak to the person farthest away from you to ensure your voice is loud enough to project to the back of the room. Vary the tone of your voice and dramatize if necessary. If a microphone is available, adjust and adapt your voice accordingly.
3 Body language is important. Standing, walking or moving about with appropriate hand gesture or facial expression is preferred to sitting down or standing still with head down and reading from a prepared speech. Use audio-visual aids or props for enhancement if appropriate and necessary. Master the use of presentation software such as PowerPoint well before your presentation. Do not over-dazzle your audience with excessive use of animation, sound clips, or gaudy colours which are inappropriate for your topic. Do not torture your audience by putting a lengthy document in tiny print on an overhead and reading it out to them.
4 Speak with conviction as if you really believe in what you are saying. Persuade your audience effectively. The material you present orally should have the same ingredients as that which are required for a written research paper, i.e. a logical progression from INTRODUCTION (Thesis statement) to BODY (strong supporting arguments, accurate and up-to-date information) to CONCLUSION (re-state thesis, summary, and logical conclusion).
5 Do not read from notes for any extended length of time although it is quite acceptable to glance at your notes infrequently. Speak loudly and clearly. Sound confident. Do not mumble. If you made an error, correct it, and continue. No need to make excuses or apologize profusely.
6 Maintain sincere eye contact with your audience. Use the 3-second method, e.g. look straight into the eyes of a person in the audience for 3 seconds at a time. Have direct eye contact with a number of people in the audience, and every now and then glance at the whole audience while speaking. Use your eye contact to make everyone in your audience feel involved.
7 Speak to your audience, listen to their questions, respond to their reactions, adjust and adapt. If what you have prepared is obviously not getting across to your audience, change your strategy mid-stream if you are well prepared to do so. Remember that communication is the key to a successful presentation. If you are short of time, know what can be safely left out. If you have extra time, know what could be effectively added. Always be prepared for the unexpected.
8 Pause. Allow yourself and your audience a little time to reflect and think. Don't race through your presentation and leave your audience, as well as yourself, feeling out of breath.
9 Add humour whenever appropriate and possible. Keep audience interested throughout your entire presentation. Remember that an interesting speech makes time fly, but a boring speech is always too long to endure even if the presentation time is the same.
10 When using audio-visual aids to enhance your presentation, be sure all necessary equipment is set up and in good working order prior to the presentation. If possible, have an emergency backup system readily available. Check out the location ahead of time to ensure seating arrangements for audience, whiteboard, blackboard, lighting, location of projection screen, sound system, etc. are suitable for your presentation.
11 Have handouts ready and give them out at the appropriate time. Tell audience ahead of time that you will be giving out an outline of your presentation so that they will not waste time taking unnecessary notes during your presentation.
12 Know when to STOP talking. Use a timer or the microwave oven clock to time your presentation when preparing it at home. Just as you don't use unnecessary words in your written paper, you don't bore your audience with repetitious or unnecessary words in your oral presentation. To end your presentation, summarize your main points in the same way as you normally do in the CONCLUSION of a written paper. Remember, however, that there is a difference between spoken words appropriate for the ear and formally written words intended for reading. Terminate your presentation with an interesting remark or an appropriate punch line. Leave your listeners with a positive impression and a sense of completion. Do not belabour your closing remarks. Thank your audience and sit down.
13 Have the written portion of your assignment or report ready for your instructor if required.
Diez técnicas para hablar bien en público
Diez técnicas para hablar bien en público
1. Preparación: Todos hablamos con mayor seguridad si sabemos de lo que estamos hablando. Cuanto más sepamos, más seguros estaremos. Por lo que si tenemos que hablar en público y no conocemos demasiado bien el tema del que vamos a tratar, intentemos informarnos.
2. Aparentar seguridad: Tanto si sabemos mucho del tema como si no es así y aunque no hayamos podido informarnos, es muy importante hacer creer que sí conocemos el tema a fondo. Podemos decir aquello que teníamos previsto y, si alguien nos hace preguntas al respecto y no sabemos la respuesta, podemos decirle que en ese momento no podemos responderle por falta de datos, pero que los buscaremos y estaremos encantados de proporcionarle la información que nos solicita.
3. Elemento de apoyo: Estar frente a un grupo de caras que miran hacia usted y que están pendientes de lo que va a decir, no es fácil, especialmente si usted está de pie y sus espectadores sentados. Si encuentra un taburete, perfecto, pero si no, puede apoyarse sobre el atril, si es que está hablando con uno delante, o coger un bolígrafo. Cuando hablamos con las manos ocupadas, estamos más seguros, porque ya sabemos qué hacer con ellas, puesto que suelen cobrar vida en esos momentos y parece que no nos quieren hacer caso. Esta técnica, además de tranquilizarnos, nos ayuda a no gesticular demasiado y a evitar que la gente se dé cuenta del posible tembleque que suele invadirnos en estas situaciones. Es probable que esta técnica sea desechada por muchos, pero si un bolígrafo en la mano le va a dar el apoyo necesario para hablar con mayor seguridad, dejemos a un lado lo que puede ser más y menos profesional. El espectador tendrá en cuenta sus palabras, no si tiene o deja de tener un objeto en la mano.
4. Esquema de lo que va a decir: Por muy bien que se sepa su discurso, siempre viene bien apuntar unas cuantas palabras que le puedan ayudar en caso de que no recuerde alguno de los puntos que pretendía tratar a lo largo de su oratoria. Estas palabras las puede escribir o puede ayudarse de un PowerPoint, de esta manera la gente tendrá otro punto de atención y usted quedará como un verdadero profesional, ya que su discurso parecerá más preparado.
5. Ensayar ante un espejo: Mírese bien, ése es usted. Lo que ve ante el espejo es lo que verán sus espectadores, trate de mejorar su presencia mirándose bien y siendo crítico. Dé el discurso delante del espejo a ver qué le parece.
6. Hablar despacio: Una manera de aparentar que uno no está nervioso es pensar: “Voy a hablar despacio”. Cuando uno tiene algo que decir, parece que cuanto antes lo diga, antes termina, y eso es cierto, pero la idea es decirlo bien (pronunciar bien y claro) y si se expresa con calma, llegará un momento en que usted mismo notará esa calma.
7. Ropa elegante, pero cómoda: Si usted no suele llevar traje y el acontecimiento no lo pide, no lo lleve. Una camisa puede quedar igual de bien. Si es hombre, la puede acompañar con una americana, y si es mujer, con una chaqueta, aunque, por supuesto, posibilidades hay muchas y depende de la imagen que quiera dar puede escoger uno u otro modelo.
8. No ponerse nervioso ante las preguntas: Normalmente, sea una presentación o una reunión, suele haber una ronda de preguntas. Como he dicho antes, no pasa nada si no sabe contestar, lo importante es tener la seguridad para poder decir que no lo sabe. Si titubea, parece que está mal que no lo sepa, pero si responde con naturalidad, no pasa nada.
9. Beba agua: El agua le permite aclarar la voz, pensar lo que va a decir mientras bebe y relajarse, al fin y al cabo.
10. Mire a sus espectadores a los ojos: Son personas y si usted les mira, prestarán más atención porque notarán que les están hablando a ellos. Mirar al infinito no es lo mejor, créame.
11 Hidden Causes Of Public Speaking Stress
11 Hidden Causes Of Public Speaking Stress
(How to conquer public speaking fear)
(How to conquer public speaking fear)
1. Thinking that public speaking is inherently stressful (it's not).
2. Thinking you need to be brilliant or perfect to succeed (you don't).
3. Trying to impart too much information or cover too many points in a short presentation.
4. Having the wrong purpose in mind (to get rather than to give/contribute).
5. Trying to please everyone (this is unrealistic).
6. Trying to emulate other speakers (very difficult) rather than simply being yourself (very easy).
7. Failing to be personally revealing and humble.
8. Being fearful of potential negative outcomes (they almost never occur and even when they do, you can use them to your advantage).
9. Trying to control the wrong things (e.g., the behavior of your audience).
10. Spending too much time overpreparing (instead of developing confidence and trust in your natural ability to succeed).
11. Thinking your audience will be as critical of your performance as you might be.
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