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Introduction
Bones are essentials to the human body and make up the structure of individuals. Bones have a funny way of sculpting man, they play an essential role in one's weight, facial and body structure, height, and even one's weight. By knowing all the information that bones hold, it is no question why scientist decide to use bones to characterize the unknown. Bones reveal so much that scientist have used them to get a better understanding of ancient species like dinosaurs. In this project, we will be find the specific relationship between bones and one's height. In order to do so, we will need 10 volunteers to allow us to measure their tibia, humerus, and bones as well as their overall height. From then we will seek the relationship between their overall height and specific bone lengths. When finding the relationship, one is also finding a linear equation. After finding the linear equation we will test it out to see if the equation is quorate.
Driving Question
How is the relationship between the length of bones and a person’s height?
There is a relationship between the length of bones and a person's height which is a linear equation.
Materials:
Measuring Tape
Pencil
Scientific Journal
Procedure:
1. Collect data from 6-10 male and females and find out their bone measures and height.
2. Put the collected data into a chart. One for each male and female.
3. After measurements and putting them in a chart you should try to come up with an equation which gives the approximate height when you plug the length of bones.
4. After finding equations for all bones, put them into an info-graph, one for each male and female. Make graphs for each bone type as well.
5. Determine what type of function would best represent the relationship between the height of a person and the length of the bone. Find your formula in terms of the length of bone type separately for males and females.
Background research
Forensic Anthropology is the study that focuses on studying the human skeleton in order to answer various questions about sex, age, gender, race, etc. In this project, we will do just that. Today we will be using the length of bones as our only clue to discover someone’s height. This process is not taboo, but rather quite common in forensics, archeology, anthropology, etc. Using the most prominent bones (the femur, tibia, humerus, and radius) we will find height using the following equations:
P represents the person’s height and the other length signals whatever bone is being used.
Tibia
P= 72.572+2.553T
Humerus
P= 64977+ 3.144H
MATH PRINCIPLE
Scientists have long known that various parts of the body are proportional to each other. In the Leonardo Da Vinci's "The Proportions of the Human Figure"shows that a persons height is equal to the span of their arm. Forensic scientists can use long bones, such as humerus and radius, to figure out the height of a person. Even paleontologists can use this method. As they don't always find full skeletons, by using the long bone, they can infer the size of the dinosaur.
When trying to find the equation of femur-to-height, use (in cm) 2.6x+65≈height. Where x is length of the femur.
When trying to find the equation of humerus-to-height for females, use (in cm) 3.06x+64.26≈height. Where x is the length of the humerus.
When trying to find the equation of humerus-to-height for males, use (in cm) 32.69x+59.41≈height. Where x is the length of the humerus.
When trying to find the equation of tibia-to-height for C males, use (in cm) 2.42x+81.93≈height.
When trying to find the equation of tibia-to-height for C females, use (in cm) 2.90x+61.53≈height.
When trying to find the equation of tibia-to-height for N males, use (in cm) 2.19x+85.36≈height.
When trying to find the equation of tibia-to-height for N females, use (in cm) 2.45x+72.56≈height.
When trying to find the equation of radius-to-height, use (in cm) 3.876x+73.502≈height. Where x is the length of the radius.
The main principle that I will exploring through this project is the Golden Ratio theory. This theory consist of 1.6180339887. This number is so special because it is the number that verifies that there is an even distribution of the small component to a larger component such as the fingertip to the finger, finger to the hand, hand to the arm, and at some point body parts to the whole body. In this project, we will measure the ratio of finger tips to hands as well as the thigh to the body in order to test the theory.
References:
http://www.most.org/curriculum_project/Life_Sciences/middle/Post/Bones_Can_Tell_Us_More.pdf
http://www.pbs.org/saf/1203/teaching/teaching2.htmhttp://mthsscience.org/Science_fair/SF_Forensics/Bones.pdf
middleschoolatsage.weebly.com/uploads/5/2/5/8/.../bone_leng
Safety Regulations: Be careful when measuring participants.
REAL LIFE CONNECTION
The Golden Ratio principle is relative to every human being's body. This ratio applies to anyone and everyone thus a universal concept. This special number allows for us to figure out if our body is proportioned. In fact, bio medical engineers who create prosthetic use this number to find the length of the prosthetic that they should make. At the end of the day, the Golden Ratio is crucial to prosthetics.
Height and bone chart
Reflection Questions:
1. How did you figure out the type of the function with the data you have?
● I used a graph to figure out what type of function to use with the data.
2. What is the equation of height in terms of Tibia?
● C males, use (in cm) 2.42x+81.93≈height.
● C females, use (in cm) 2.90x+61.53≈height.
● N males, use (in cm) 2.19x+85.36≈height.
● N females, use (in cm) 2.45x+72.56≈height.
3. What is the equation of height in terms of Femur?
● 2.6x+65≈height. Where x is length of the femur.
4. What is the equation of height in terms of Humerus?
● For females, use (in cm) 3.06x+64.26≈height. Where x is the length of the humerus.
● For males, use (in cm) 32.69x+59.41≈height. Where x is the length of the humerus.
5. What is the equation of height in terms of Radius?
● 3.876x+73.502≈height. Where x is the length of the radius.
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