Electrocaloric Effect

The green aspects of emerging refrigeration technology should be explored on an urgent basis for eco-societal benefits and their less energy consuming working principles. At present, direct consumption of greenhouse gases on a large scale for refrigeration purposes can be minimized by exploiting other physical approaches. In the current scenario, various physical approaches such as the magnetocaloric effect, electrocaloric effect (ECE) and Peltier effect are under-consideration for specific purposes. Minor improvements in areas of green refrigeration technology are appreciated as a significant contribution. Among the above existing technology, the electrocaloric response is a less energy consuming technique and is also considered as a good approach towards green refrigeration technology, which does not include environmentally harmful by-products during the operation, whereas conventional refrigeration involves chlorofluorocarbons, hydrochlorofluorocarbons and hydrofluorocarbons as fluid. These Hydrocarbonic materials induce ozone layer depletion and global warming type serious environmental issues. The ECE is a thermal response of dipoles under the exposure of an external electric field. Under the influence of an electric field, the alignment of dipoles occurs. The arrangement of constituent dipoles leads to a decrease in electrical entropy. An adiabatic change of electric field causes sudden drops in dipolar-entropy, and to compensate for the increase in electrical entropy the distributions of constituent lattices are affected. Enhancement in lattice entropy directly affects thermal energy and causes an increase in the temperature of the specimen exposed to the electric field. Under proper cycling of the electric field, the ferroelectric specimen can be used as a solid state refrigerator. The paraelectric-ferroelectric transition, polarization of the specimen is selected as the order parameter. The virtue of physical quantities (polarization), which gains finite magnitude below TC and zero magnitude above TC.