02.10 Organelles

Organelles are the basic component s o f the cells, each performing a specialised role. Because different cells perform different functions they contain different organelles, however, some organelles are common to most cells. The following organelles are shown in Figure 2.10.

• The nucleus is the control centre of the cell. It stores our genetic material in form of DNA.

• Nucleoli (1 nucleolus) have the primary function in building of ribosomes to read the RNA sequence.

• Continuous with the nuclear membrane surrounding the nucleus is smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum. These are networks of interconnected membranes involved in synthesis of lipids and protein, respectively.

  • Golgi apparatus modifies and prepares substances for use within the cell or for export to the outside of the cell.

• A typical cell performs many functions for which it needs energy. The mitochondria (1 mitochondrion) are the “power plants” that produce energy from organic molecules to form ATP for use by cells.

Figure 2.10 A typical human cell showing the common organelles (Copyright, QUT)