1. States responded in a variety of ways to the economic challenges of the twentieth century. (2013 COMPARE/CONTRAST ESSAY)
In the Communist states of the Soviet Union and China, governments controlled their national economies (Five Year Plans, Great Leap Forward). (
At the beginning of the century in the United States and parts of Europe, governments played a minimal role in their national economies. With the onset of the Great Depression, governments began to take a more active role in economic life. (New Deal, The Fascist Corporatist Economy)
In newly independent states after World War II, governments often took on a strong role in guiding economic life to promote development (Nasser's promotion of economic development in Egypt, the encouragement of export-oriented economies in East Asia).
At the end of the twentieth century, many governments encouraged free market economic policies and promoted economic liberalization (United States under Reagan,Great Britain under Thatcher, China under Deng Xiaoping, Chile under Pinochet).
2. States, communities, and individuals became increasingly interdependent, a process facilitated by the growth of institutions of global governance.
New international organizations (League of Nations, United Nations, International Criminal Court)formed to maintain world peace and to facilitate international cooperation.
New economic institutions (International Monetary Fund IMF, World Bank, World Trade Organization WTO)sought to spread the principles and practices associated with free market economics throughout the world.
Humanitarian organizations (UNICEF, Amnesty International, Red Cross, Doctor's without Borders, World Health Organization)developed to respond to humanitarian crises throughout the world.
Regional trade agreements (European Union, NAFTA, ASEAN, Mercosur) created regional trading blocs designed to promote the movement of capital and goods across national borders.
Multinational corporations (Royal Dutch Shell, Coca-cola, Sony)began to challenge state authority and autonomy.
Movements (Greenpeace, Green Belt in Kenya, Earth Day) throughout the world protested the inequality of environmental and economic consequences of global integration.
3.People conceptualized society and culture in new ways; some challenged old assumptions about race, class, gender, and religion, often using new technologies to spread reconfigured traditions.
The notion of human rights (UN Declaration of Human Rights, Women's rights, The end of the White Australia Policy)gained traction throughout the world.
Increased interactions among diverse peoples sometimes led to the formation of new cultural identities (Negritude) and exclusionary reactions (Xenophobia, Race riots, Citizenship restrictions).
Believers developed new forms of spirituality (New Age Religions, Hare Krishna, Falun Gong) and chose to emphasize particular aspects of practice within existing faiths and apply them to political issues (Fundamentalist Movements, Liberation Theology).
IV.Popular and consumer culture became global. (2012 DBQ FREE RESPONSE QUESTION)
Sports (World Cup Soccer, The Olympics, Cricket)were more widely practiced and reflected national and social aspirations.
The information that follows is not specifically mentioned by the College Board. However, it will make you a more culturally well-rounded person; so... you're welcome.