• Direct observation of strongly nonequilibrium phenomena

• Studying ultrafast phase transition processes in nano meter and femtosecond scales

• Quantum control of matters with femtosecond lasers

Related publications

• E. Park, et al., "Surface-plasmon control of ultrafast energy-relaxation modes in photoexcited Au nanorods probed by time-resolved single-particle X-ray imaging", Nat. Commun. 16:9876 (2025). 

• J. Hwang, et al., "Inverted nucleation for photoinduced nonequilibrium melting", Sci. Adv. 10: eadl6409 (2024).

• J. Shin, et al., "Ultrafast energy transfer process in confined Au nanospheres revealed by femtosecond X-ray imaging and diffraction", Nano Letters 23:1481 (2023).

• C. Jung, et al., "Inducing thermodynamically blocked atomic ordering via strongly driven nonequilibrium kinetics", Sci. Adv. 7:eabj8552 (2021).

• Y. Ihm, et al., "Direct observation of picosecond melting and disintegration of metallic nanoparticles", Nat. Commun. 10:2411 (2019).

• 3D X-ray imaging - tomographic and single-particle 

• Machine-learning-assisted new imaging modality

• New ptychographic imaging

Related publications

• S. Y. Lee, et al., "Deep-learning real-time phase retrieval of imperfect diffraction patterns from X-ray free-electron lasers", npj Comput. Mater. 11:68 (2025).

• S.Y.Lee, et al., "Off-axis X-ray vortex beam ptychography", ACS Photonics11:3804 (2024).

• S. Y. Lee, et al., "Nanoscale Three-Dimensional Network Structure of a Mesoporous Particle Unveiled via Adaptive Multidistance Coherent X-ray Tomography", ACS Nano 17:22488 (2023).

• D. Sung, et al., "Stochastic chromatin packing of 3D mitotic chromosomes revealed by coherent X-rays", Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 118:e2109921118 (2021).

• D. H. Cho, et al., "High-Throughput 3D Ensemble Characterization of Individual Core-Shell Nanoparticles With X-ray Free Electron Laser Single-Particle Imaging", ACS Nano 15:4066 (2021).

• Femtosecond photoinduced phase transitions

• Ultrafast photon-electron-ion/spin/orbital energy transfer process

• Hidden phases in nonequilibrium conditions beyond thermodynamic limits

Related publications

• S.-P. Heo, et al., "Frustrated phonon with charge density wave in vanadium Kagome metal", Nat. Commun. 16:4861 (2025).

• H. Lee, et al., "Observing femtosecond orbital dynamics in ultrafast Ge melting with time-resolved resonant X-ray scattering", IUCrJ 10:700 (2023).