2025
66. S. Kim†, G.-J. Han†, S.-Y. Hwang†, G. Noh†, P. K. Kumari, K. Lee, M. S. Kim, J. Yoon, J. Lee, S. Y. Park*, S.-Y. Choi*, G.-H. Lee*, D. Lee*. "Synergistic polar states by selective atomic gradients." (in revision). (†: equally contributed)
65. W. Peng*†, W. Meng†, Y. Kim†, J. Yoon, L. Si, K. Zhao, S. Dong, Y. Hou, C. Xi, L. Pi, A. Singh, A. M. Sanchez, R. Beanland, T. W. Noh, Q. Lu*, D. Lee*, M. Alexe*. "Ferroelastic writing of crystal directions in oxide thin films." Nature Nanotechnol. (https://doi.org/10.1038/s41565-025-01950-z). (†: equally contributed)
64. J. Jang, Y. Jin, Y.-S. Nam, H.-S. Park, J. Kim, K. T. Kang, Y. So, J. Choi, Y. Choi, J. Shim, P. Sriboriboon, D. Lee, K.-J. Go, G.-Y. K, S. Hong, J. H. Lee, D. Lee, M.-G. Han, J. Son, Y. Kim, H. Taniguchi, S. Kang, J.-S. Lee, H. Tian, C.-H. Yang, Y. Zhu, S.-W. Cheong, W. S. Choi, J. Lee, S.-Y. Choi. "Sub-unit-cell-segmented ferroelectricity in brownmillerite oxides by phonon decoupling." Nature Mater. (https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-025-02233-7).
2024
63. Y. Jo, Y. Kim, S. Kim, E. Ryoo, G. Noh, G.-J. Han, J. H. Lee, W. J. Cho, G.-H. Lee, S.-Y. Choi*, D. Lee*. "Field-free spin-orbit torque magnetization switching in a single-phase ferromagnetic and spin Hall oxide." Nano Lett. 24, 7100 (2024).
62. W. Peng*, S. Y. Park*, C. J. Roh, J. Mun, H. Ju, J. Kim, E. K. Ko, Z. Liang, S. Hahn, J. Zhang, A. M. Sanchez, D. Walker, S. Hindmarsh, L. Si, Y. J. Jo, Y. Jo, T. H. Kim, C. Kim, L. Wang, M. Kim, J. S. Lee, T. W. Noh, D. Lee*. "Flexoelectric polarizing and control of a ferromagnetic metal." Nature Phys. (2024) (published online). [Highlighted in News & Views]
2022
61. J. H. Lee, H. J. Kim, J. Yoon, S. Kim, J. R. Kim, W. Peng, S. Y. Park, T. W. Noh, D. Lee*. "Flexoelectricity-driven mechanical switching of polarization in metastable ferroelectrics." Phys. Rev. Lett. 129, 117601 (2022).
60. B. A. Noesges, D. Lee, J.-W. Lee, C.-B. Eom, L. J. Brillson. "Nanoscale interplay of native point defects near Sr-deficient SrxTiO3/SrTiO3 interfaces." J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 40, 043201 (2022).
59. J. H. Lee, H. J. Kim, E. Ryoo, J. Jang, S. Kim, J. R. Kim, S. Y. Park, S.-Y. Choi, T. W. Noh, D. Lee*. "Thickness-driven morphotropic phase transition in metastable ferroelectric CaTiO3 films." Adv. Electron. Mater. 8, 2101398 (2022).
2021
58. S. M. Park, B. Wang, L.-Q. Chen, T. W. Noh, S. M. Yang, D. Lee*. “Flexoelectric control of physical properties by atomic force microscopy.” Appl. Phys. Rev. 8, 041327 (2021).
57. D. Lee*. "Enhanced flexoelectricity at the nanoscale." Sae Mulli 71, 808 (2021).
56. H. Qiao, P. Zhao, O. Kwon, A. Sohn, F. Zhuo, D.-M. Lee, C. Sun, D. Seol, D. Lee, S.-W. Kim, Y. Kim. “Mixed triboelectric and flexoelectric charge transfer at the nanoscale.” Adv. Sci. (2021).
2020
55. J. R. Kim, K.-J. Go, J. Jang, S. Y. Park, C. J. Roh, J. Bonini, J. Kim, H. G. Lee, K. M. Rabe, J. S. Lee, S.-Y. Choi, T. W. Noh, D. Lee*. “Stabilizing hidden room-temperature ferroelectricity via a metastable atomic distortion pattern.” Nature Commun. 11, 4944 (2020).
54. D. Lee*. “Flexoelectricity in thin films and membranes of complex oxides.” APL Mater. 8, 090901 (2020).
53. J.-Y. Nam, S. Kim, H. Nguyen, X.-B. Chen, M.-S. Choi, D. Lee, T. W. Noh, I.-S. Yang. “Localized spin‐flip excitations in hexagonal HoMnO3.” J. Raman Spec. (2020).
52. S. M. Park, B. Wang, T. R. Paudel, S. Y. Park, S. Das, J. R. Kim, E. K. Ko, H. G. Lee, N. Park, L. Tao, D. Suh, E. Y. Tsymbal, L.-Q. Chen, T. W. Noh, D. Lee*. “Colossal flexoresistance in dielectrics.” Nature Commun. 11, 2586 (2020).
2019
51. J. Kim, J. Mun, B. Kim, H. G. Lee, D. Lee, T. H. Kim, S. Lee, M. Kim, S. H. Chang, T. W. Noh. “Coherent-strained superconducting BaPb1–xBixO3 thin films by interface engineering.” Phys. Rev. Mater. 3, 113606 (2019).
50. S. Das, B. Wang, T. R. Paudel, S. M. Park, E. Y. Tsymbal, L.-Q. Chen, D. Lee*, T. W. Noh. “Enhanced flexoelectricity at reduced dimensions revealed by mechanically tunable quantum tunnelling.” Nature Commun. 10, 537 (2019).
2018
49. L. Wang, Q. Feng, Y. Kim, R. Kim, K. H. Lee, Y. J. Shin, H. Zhou, W. Peng, D. Lee, J. H. Han, M. Y. Kim, Q. Lu, T. W. Noh. “Ferroelectrically tunable magnetic skyrmions in ultrathin oxide heterostructures.” Nature Mater. 17, 1087 (2018).
48. W. J. Kim, J. H. Gruenewald, T. Oh, S. Cheon, B. Kim, O. B. Korneta, H. Cho, D. Lee, B.–J. Yang, S. S. A. Seo, T. W. Noh. “Unconventional anomalous Hall effect from antiferromagnetic domain walls.” Phys. Rev. B 98, 125103 (2018).
47. D. Lee*, B. Chung, Y. Shi, G.-Y. Kim, N. Campbell, F. Xue, K. Song, S.-Y. Choi, J. P. Podkaminer, T. H. Kim, P. J. Ryan, J.-W. Kim, T. R. Paudel, J.-H. Kang, D. A. Tenne, E. Y. Tsymbal, M. S. Rzchowski, L. Q. Chen, J. Lee, C. B. Eom. “Isostructural metal-insulator transition.” Science 362, 1037 (2018).
46. D. Lee*, H. Wang, B. A. Noesges, T. Asel, J. Pan, J.-W. Lee, Q. Yan, L. Brillson, X. Wu, C.-B. Eom. “Identification of a functional point defect in SrTiO3.” Phys. Rev. Mater. 2, 060403(R) (2018).
45. H. Lu, D. Lee*, K. Klyukin, L. L. Tao, B. Wang, H. Lee, T. R. Paudel, L.-Q. Chen, E. Y. Tsymbal, V. Alexandrov, C.-B. Eom, A. Gruverman. “Tunneling hot spots in ferroelectric SrTiO3.” Nano Lett. 18, 491 (2018).
Before 2018
44. D. Lee*, J. Lee, K. Song, F. X, S.-Y. Choi, Y. Ma, J. Podkaminer, D. Liu, S.-C. Liu, B. Chung, W. Fan, W. Zhou, J. Lee, L.-Q. Chen, S. H. Oh, Z. Ma, C.-B. Eom. “Sharpened VO2 phase transition via controlled release of epitaxial strain.” Nano Lett. 17, 5614 (2017).
43. S. Ryu, H. Zhou, T. Paudel, J. Irwin, J. Podkaminer, C. W. Bark, D. Lee, T. H. Kim, D. D. Fong, M. S. Rzchowski, E. Y. Tsymbal, C.-B. Eom. “In-situ probing of coupled atomic restructuring and metallicity of oxide heterointerfaces induced by polar adsorbates.” Appl. Phys. Lett. 111, 141604 (2017).
42. K. Eom, E. Choi, J. Yoon, M. Choi, K. Song, S.-Y. Choi, D. Lee, J. Lee, C.-B. Eom, J. Lee. “Electron-lattice coupling in correlated materials of low electron occupancy.” Nano Lett. 17, 5458 (2017).
41. J. Lee, D. Lee*, S. J. Cho, J.-H. Seo, D. Liu, C.-B. Eom, Z. Ma. “Epitaxial VO2-based radio-frequency switches with thermal activation.” Appl. Phys. Lett. 111, 063110 (2017).
40. J. Lee, D. Lee*, S. J. Cho, J.-H. Seo, D. Liu, C.-B. Eom, Z. Ma. “Epitaxial VO2-based radio-frequency switches with electrical activation.” Appl. Phys. Exp. 10, 091101 (2017).
39. Y. J. Shin, L. Wang, Y. Kim, H.-H. Nahm, D. Lee, J. R. Kim, S. M. Yang, J.-G. Yoon, J.-S. Chung, M. Kim, S. H. Chang, T. W. Noh. “Oxygen partial pressure during pulsed laser deposition: Deterministic role on thermodynamic stability of atomic termination sequence at SrRuO3/BaTiO3 interface.” Appl. Mater. Interfaces 9, 27305 (2017).
38. D. Lee*, W. S. Choi, and T. W. Noh. “Tunable band gap in epitaxial ferroelectric Ho(Mn,Ga)O3 films.” Appl. Phys. Lett. 108, 192901 (2016).
37. T. M. H. Nguyen, T. H. Nguyen, X.-B. Chen, Y. Park, Y. M. Jung, D. Lee, T. W. Noh, S.-W. Cheong, and I.-S. Yang. “Correlation between magnon scattering and magnetic symmetries of hexagonal RMnO3 (R = Er, Ho, Lu).” J. Mol. Struct. 1124, 103 (2016).
36. D. Lee*, H. Lu, Y. Gu, S.-Y. Choi, S.-D. Li, S. Ryu, T. Paudel, K. Song, E. Mikheev, S. Lee, S. Stemmer, D. A. Tenne, S. H. Oh, E. Y. Tsymbal, X. Wu, L.-Q. Chen, A. Gruverman, and C. B. Eom. “Emergence of room-temperature ferroelectricity at reduced dimensions.” Science 349, 1314 (2015).
35. X.-B. Chen, N. T. M. Hien, K. Han, J.-Y. Nam, N. T. Huyen, S.-I. Shin, X. Wang, S. W. Cheong, D. Lee, T. W. Noh, N. H. Sung, B. K. Cho, and I.-S. Yang. “Study of spin-ordering and spin-reorientation transitions in hexagonal manganites through Raman spectroscopy.” Sci. Rep. 5, 13366 (2015).
34. D. Lee*, B. C. Jeon, A. Yoon, Y. J. Shin, M. H. Lee, T. K. Song, S. D. Bu, M. Kim, J.-S. Chung, J.-G. Yoon, and T. W. Noh. “Flexoelectric control of defect formation in ferroelectric epitaxial thin films.” Adv. Mater. 26, 5005 (2014).
33. Y. S. Kim, J. Kim, M. J. Yoon, C. H. Sohn, S. B. Lee, D. Lee, B. C. Jeon, H. K. Yoo, T. W. Noh, A. Bostwick, E. Rotenberg, J. Yu, S. D. Bu, and B. S. Mun. “Impact of vacancy clusters on characteristic resistance change of nonstoichiometric strontium titanate nano-film.” Appl. Phys. Lett. 104, 013501 (2014).
32. B. C. Jeon, D. Lee, M. H. Lee, S. M. Yang, S. C. Chae, T. K. Song, S. D. Bu, J.-S. Chung, J.-G. Yoon, and T. W. Noh. “Flexoelectric effect in the reversal of self-polarization and associated changes in the electronic functional properties of BiFeO3 thin films.” Adv. Mater. 25, 5643 (2013).
31. D. Lee*, S. M. Yang, J.-G. Yoon, and T. W. Noh. “Flexoelectric rectification of charge transport in strain-graded dielectrics.” Nano Lett. 12, 6436 (2012).
30. D. Lee*, B. C. Jeon, S. H. Baek, S. M. Yang, Y. J. Shin, T. H. Kim, Y. S. Kim, J.-G. Yoon, C. B. Eom, and T. W. Noh. “Active Control of Ferroelectric Switching Using Defect-Dipole Engineering.” Adv. Mater. 24, 6490 (2012).
29. D. Lee* and T. W. Noh. “Giant flexoelectric effect through interfacial strain relaxation.” Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 370, 4944 (2012).
28. T. H. Kim, B. C. Jeon, T. Min, S. M. Yang, D. Lee, Y. S. Kim, S.-H. Baek, W. Saenrang, C.-B. Eom, T. K. Song, J.-G. Yoon, and T. W. Noh. “Continuous Control of Charge Transport in Bi-Deficient BiFeO3 Films Through Local Ferroelectric Switching.” Adv. Funct. Mater. 22, 4962 (2012).
27. X. B. Chen, N. T. M. Hien, I.-S. Yang, D. Lee, and T. W. Noh. “A Raman Study of the Origin of Oxygen Defects in Hexagonal Manganite Thin Films.” Chin. Phys. Lett. 29, 126103 (2012).
26. A.T. Raghavender, N. H. Hong, B. S. Swain, M.-H. Jung, K.-J. Lee, and D.-S. Lee. “Surface-induced magnetism in Au particles/clusters.” Mater. Lett. 87, 169 (2012).
25. A.T. Raghavender, N. H. Hong, C. Park, M.-H. Jung, K. J. Lee, and D. Lee. “Effect of annealing conditions on structural and magnetic properties of laser ablated copper ferrite thin films.” J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 324, 1814 (2012).
24. D. Lee*, S. M. Yang, T. H. Kim, B. C. Jeon, Y. S. Kim, J.-G. Yoon, H. N. Lee, S. H. Baek, C. B. Eom, and T. W. Noh. “Multilevel Data Storage Memory Using Deterministic Polarization Control.” Adv. Mater. 24, 402 (2012).
23. D. Lee*, S. H. Baek, T. H. Kim, J.-G. Yoon, C. M. Folkman, C. B. Eom, and T. W. Noh. “Polarity control of carrier injection at ferroelectric/metal interfaces for electrically switchable diode and photovoltaic effects.” Phys. Rev. B 84, 125305 (2011).
22. A. T. Raghavender, N. H. Hong, C. W. Park, M.-H. Jung, K. J. Lee, and D. Lee. “Thickness dependent magnetic properties of BiFeO3 thin film prepared by pulsed laser deposition.” Mater. Lett. 65, 2786 (2011).
21. X.-B. Chen, N. T. M. Hien, D. Lee, S.-Y. Jang, T. W. Noh, and I.-S. Yang. “Spin exchange interactions in hexagonal manganites RMnO3 (R = Tb, Dy, Ho, Er) epitaxial thin films.” Appl. Phys. Lett. 99, 052506 (2011).
20. D. Lee*, A. Yoon, S. Y. Jang, J.-G. Yoon, J.-S. Chung, M. Kim, J. F. Scott, and T. W. Noh. “Giant flexoelectric effect in ferroelectric epitaxial thin film.” Phys. Rev. Lett. 107, 057602 (2011).
19. N. T. M. Hien, S.-Y. Oh, X.-B. Chen, D. Lee, S.-Y. Jang, T. W. Noh, and I.-S. Yang. “Raman scattering studies of hexagonal rare earth RMnO3 (R = Tb, Dy, Ho, Er) thin films.” J. Raman Spec. 42, 1774 (2011).
18. T. H. Kim, S. H. Baek, S. M. Yang, Y. S. Kim, B. C. Jeon, D. Lee, J.-S. Chung, C.B. Eom, J.-G. Yoon, and T. W. Noh. “Polarity-dependent kinetics of ferroelectric switching in epitaxial BiFeO3 (111) capacitors.” Appl. Phys. Lett. 99, 012905 (2011).
17. D. Lee*, S. M. Yang, Y. Jo, and T.-K. Song. “Room-temperature multiferroic properties of Pb(Zr0.57Ti0.43)O3-Pb(Fe0.67W0.33)O3 solid-solution epitaxial thin films.” J. Korean Phys. Soc. 57, 1914 (2010).
16. D. Lee*, Y.-A. Park, S. M. Yang, T.-K. Song, Y. Jo, N. Hur, J.-H. Jung, and T. W. Noh. “Suppressed magnetoelectric effect in epitaxially grown multiferroic Pb(Zr0.57Ti0.43)O3-Pb(Fe2/3W1/3)O3 solid-solution thin films.” J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 43, 455403 (2010).
15. X.-B. Chen, N. T. M. Hien, D. Lee, S.-Y. Jang, T. W. Noh, and I.-S. Yang. “Resonant A1 phonon and four-magnon Raman scattering in hexagonal HoMnO3 thin film.” New J. Phys. 12, 073046 (2010).
14. N. T. M. Hien, X.-B. Chen, L. H. Hoang, D. Lee, S.-Y. Jang, T. W. Noh, and I.-S. Yang. “Raman scattering studied of the magnetic ordering in hexagonal HoMnO3 thin films.” J. Raman Spec. 41, 983 (2010).
13. D. Lee*, H. S. Kim, S. Y. Jang, K. W. Joh, T. W. Noh, J. Yu, C. E. Lee, and J.-G. Yoon. “Double polarization hysteresis loop induced by the domain pinning by defect dipoles in HoMnO3 epitaxial thin films.” Phys. Rev. B 80, 012101 (2010).
12. S. Y. Jang, D. Lee, J.-H. Lee, P. Murugavel, and J.-S. Chung. “Ferroelectric Properties of Multiferroic Hexagonal ErMnO3 Thin Films.” J. Korean Phys. Soc. 55, 841 (2009).
11. S. Y. Jang, D. Lee, J.-H. Lee, T. W. Noh, Y. Jo, M.-H. Jung, and J.-S. Chung. “Oxygen vacancy induced re-entrant spin glass behavior in multiferroic ErMnO3 thin films.” Appl. Phys. Lett. 93, 162507 (2008).
10. W. S. Choi, S. J. Moon, S. S. A. Seo, D. Lee, J. H. Lee, P. Murugavel, T. W. Noh, and Y. S. Lee. “Optical spectroscopic investigation on the coupling of electronic and magnetic structure in multiferroic hexagonal RMnO3 (R = Gd, Tb, Dy, and Ho) thin films.” Phys. Rev. B 78, 054440 (2008).
9. B. H. Kim, J. S. Kim, T. H. Park, D. S. Lee, and Y. W. Park. "Magnon drag effect as the dominant contribution to the thermopower in Bi0.5-xLaxSr0.5MnO3 (0.1≤≤ x≤≤ 0.4)." J. of Appl. Phys. 103, 113717 (2008).
8. W. S. Choi, D. G. Kim, S. S. A. Seo, S. J. Moon, D. Lee, J. H. Lee, H. S. Lee, D.-Y. Cho, Y. S. Lee, P. Murugavel, Jaejun Yu, and T. W. Noh. “Electronic structures of hexagonal RMnO3 (R = Gd, Tb, Dy, and Ho) thin films.” Phys. Rev. B 77, 045137 (2008).
7. D. Lee*, J.-H. Lee, S. Y. Jang, P. Murugavel, Y.-D. Ko, and J.-S. Chung. “Growth behavior of artificial hexagonal GdMnO3 thin films.” J. Cryst. Growth 310, 829 (2008).
6. B. H. Kim, J. S. Kim, T. H. Park, D. S. Lee, K. H. Kim, B. G. Kim, and Y. W. Park. "Evidence of the Bi3+ lone-pair effect on the charge-ordering state: resistivity and thermoelectric power of Bi0.5-yLaySr0.5MnO3 (0≤≤ y≤≤ 0.4)." J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 19, 296205 (2007).
5. J.-H. Lee, D. Lee, T. W. Noh, P. Murugavel, J. W. Kim, K. H. Kim, Y. Jo, M.-H. Jung, J.-G. Yoon, and J.-S. Chung. “Formation of hexagonal phase of TbMnO3 thin film and its multiferroic properties.” J. Mater. Res. 22, 2156 (2007).
4. D. Lee*, J.-H. Lee, P. Murugavel, S. Y. Jang, T. W. Noh, Y. Jo, M.-H. Jung, Y.-D. Ko, and J.-S. Chung. “Epitaxial stabilization of artificial hexagonal GdMnO3 thin films and their magnetic properties.” Appl. Phys. Lett. 90, 182504 (2007).
3. P. Murugavel, J.-H. Lee, D. Lee, T.W. Noh, Younghun Jo, Myung-Hwa Jung, Yoon Seok Oh, and Kee Hoon Kim. “Physical properties of multiferroic hexagonal HoMnO3 thin films.” Appl. Phys. Lett. 90, 142902 (2007).
2. J.-H. Lee, P. Murugavel, D. Lee, T. W. Noh, Y. Jo, M.-H. Jung, K. H. Jang, and J.-G. Park. “Multiferroic properties of epitaxially stabilized hexagonal DyMnO3 thin films.” Appl. Phys. Lett. 90, 012903 (2007).
1. J.-H. Lee, P. Murugavel, H. Ryu, D. Lee, J. Y. Jo, J. W. Kim, H. J. Kim, K. H. Kim, Y. H. Jo, M.- H. Jung, Y. H. Oh, Y.-W. Kim, J.-G. Yoon, J.-S. Chung, and T. W. Noh. “Epitaxial stabilization of a new multiferroic hexagonal phase of TbMnO3 thin films.” Adv. Mater. 18, 3125-3129 (2006).