Working papers (click on link for newest papers)

 Note: look at my "Survey instruments and data" page for replication files where available.

Forthcoming

• Field and Natural Experiments in Migration (with Dean Yang), forthcoming in W. L. Allen and C. Vargas-Silva (eds.), Handbook of Research Methods in Migration, 2nd edition. Edward Elgar Publishing Ltd. (Development Impact blogpost), 

• Is there still a role for direct government support to firms in developing countries? New Zealand Economic Papers, forthcoming.

Dynamic Literature Review

• McKenzie, D, C Woodruff, K Bjorvatn, M Bruhn, J Cai, J Gonzalez- Uribe, S Quinn, T Sonobe, and M Valdivia (2023), “Training Entrepreneurs” VoxDevLit 1(3). 

2024

• Job Training and Job Search Assistance Policies in Developing Countries (with Eliana Carranza), Journal of Economic Perspectives, 38(1): 221-244, 2024 (replication data, Development Impact post on job training, Development Impact post on job search,  Voxdev post)

• Training Microentrepreneurs over Zoom: Experimental Evidence from Mexico (with Elwyn Davies, Peter Deffebach, and Leonardo Iacovone), Journal of Development Economics (2-page summary, Development Impact blogpost, replication data) 167: 103244, 2024.

• COVID-19 and Changes in Intentions to Migrate from The Gambia (with Tijan Bah, Catia Batista and Flore Gubert), Journal of African Economies, 33(1): 1-19, 2024 (Replication data; GlobalDev blog; Earlier working paper version that also includes a priming/salience experiment.

• Fears and Tears: Should more people be moving within and from developing countries, and what stops this movement?, World Bank Research Observer, 39(1): 75-96, 2024 (Development Impact post)

2023

• Testing Classic Theories of Migration in the Lab (with Catia Batista), Journal of International Economics, 145: 103826, 2023(Development Impact post, replication data)

• System-, teacher-, and student-level interventions for improving participation in online learning at scale in high schools (with Igor Asanov, Anastasiya-Mariya Asanov, Thomas Astebro, Guido Buenstorf, Bruno Crepon, Francisco Pablo Flores T, Mona Mensmann and Mathis Schulte), PNAS 120(3): e2216686120, July 17, 2023 (replication data, Development Impact blogpost)

• Capacity building as a route to Export market expansion: a six-country experiment in the Western Balkans (with Ana Cusolito and Ornella Darova), Journal of International Economics, 144: 103794, 2023 (2-page summary, Development Impact blogpost, replication data)

• How Should the Government bring Small firms into the Formal system? Experimental evidence from Malawi (with Francisco Campos and Markus Goldstein), Journal of Development Economics, 161: 103045, 2023. (replication data, 2-page summary, Development impact post, AfricaCan blogpost).

• Can Information and Alternatives to Irregular Migration Reduce "Backway" Migration from the Gambia? (with Tijan Bah, Catia Batista, and Flore Gubert), Journal of Development Economics, 165: 103153, 2023 (Development Impact blogpost, 2-page summary, replication data)

• Estimating the demand for business training: Evidence from Jamaica (with Alessandro Maffioli and Diego Ubfal), Economic Development and Cultural Change, 72(1): 123-158, 2023 (2-page summary, Development Impact post, replication data).

2022

• Improving business practices and the boundary of the entrepreneur: A randomized experiment comparing training, consulting, insourcing and outsourcing (with Stephen Anderson), Journal of Political Economy, 130(1): 157-209, 2022 (2-page summary, VoxDev post, Development Impact post, podcast, replication data)

  • This paper also contains a section and appendix that draws from the working paper: What prevents more small firms from using professional business services? An information and quality-rating experiment in Nigeria (with Stephen Anderson), World Bank Policy Research Working Paper no. 9614, April 2021 (Development Impact post)

• Improving Management with Individual and Group-Based Consulting : Results from a Randomized Experiment in Colombia (with Leonardo Iacovone and William Maloney), Review of Economic Studies, 89(1): 346-71, 2022 (2-page summary, Development Impact post, VoxDev post replication data, Visible Hand podcast)

• Aspirations and financial decisions: Experimental evidence from the Philippines (with Aakash Mohpal and Dean Yang), Journal of Development Economics, volume 156, May 2022, 102846 (VoxDev post)

• Shortening Supply Chains: Experimental Evidence from Fruit and Vegetable Vendors in Bogota (with Leonardo Iacovone), Economic Development and Cultural Change, 71(2): 111-149, 2022 (2-page summary, Development Impact post, replication data)

2021

• Can Government Intervention make firms more investment-ready? A randomized experiment in the Western Balkans (with Ana Cusolito and Ernest Dautovic), Review of Economics and Statistics, 103(3): 428-42, 2021 (Development Impact post, 2-page summary, replication data)

• Growing markets through business training for female entrepreneurs: A market-level randomized experiment in Kenya (with Susana Puerto), American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, 13(2): 297-332, 2021 (Development Impact post, 2-page summary, replication data)

• Remote-learning, time-use, and Mental health of Ecuadorian high school students during the COVID-19 Quarantine (with Igor Asanov, Francisco Flores, Mona Mensmann and Mathis Schulte), World Development, 138: article 105225, February 2021 (Development Impact post, questionnaire, replication data).

• Self-Employment and Migration (with Samuele Giambra), World Development, 141: article  105362, May 2021. (replication data).

• Small business training to improve management practices in developing countries: Reassessing the evidence for "training doesn't work", Oxford Review of Economic Policy, 37(2): 276-301, 2021 (Development Impact post)

• Estimating Treatment Effects with Big Data when Take-up is Low: An Application to Financial Education  (with Gabriel Lara Ibarra and Claudia Ruiz Ortega), World Bank Economic Review,35(2): 348-375, 2021 (Development impact post, 2-page summary, post on power calculations with incomplete take-up)

2020

• Do Management Interventions Last? Evidence from India (with Nick Bloom, Aprajit Mahajan, and John Roberts), American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, 12(2): 198-219, 2020 (Development impact post, VoxDev post, 2-page summary).

• If it needs a power calculation, does it matter for poverty reduction? World Development, 127: article 104815, March 2020

• Comments on Banerjee, Duflo and Kremer's "The Influence of Randomized Controlled Trials on Development Economics Research and Development Policy" in Kaushik Basu, David Rosenblatt and Claudia Sepúlveda (eds.) The State of Economics, the State of the World, MIT Press, January 2020. 

2019

• Labor Drops: Experimental Evidence on the Return to Additional Labor in Microenterprises (with Suresh de Mel and Chris Woodruff), American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, 11(1): 202-235, 2019. (2-page summary, Development impact post, replication files).

• Small Firm Death in Developing Countries (with Anna Luisa Paffhausen), Review of Economics and Statistics, 101(4): 645-57, 2019. (Development Impact post, replication data).

• The Long-term impact of International Migration on Economic Decision-Making: Evidence from a Migration Lottery and Lab-in-the-Field Experiments (with John Gibson, Halahingano Rohorua and Steven Stillman), Journal of Development Economics, 138: 99-115, 2019. (journal version, replication data)

• Can grants to consortia spur innovation and science-industry collaboration? Regression-discontinuity evidence from Poland (with Miriam Bruhn), World Bank Economic Review 33(3), 690-716, 2019 (2-page summary, supplemental appendix, replication files, All about Finance blogpost)

• Predicting Entrepreneurial Success is Hard: Evidence from a Business Plan Competition in Nigeria (with Dario Sansone), Journal of Development Economics, 141: article 102369, November 2019 (Development impact post, replication files)

2018

• Why don't remittances appear to affect growth? (with Michael Clemens), Economic Journal, 128 (612): F179-F209, 2018 (Development Impact post, replication files)

• Is personal initiative training a substitute or complement to the existing human capital of women? Results from a randomized trial in Togo (with Francisco Campos, Michael Frese, Markus Goldstein, Leonardo Iacovone, Hillary Johnson and Mona Mensmann), AEA Papers and Proceedings 108: 256-61, 2018.(paper, replication data).

• Can enhancing the benefits of formalization induce informal firms to become formal? Experimental evidence from Benin (with Najy Benhassine, Victor Pouliquen and Massimiliano Santini), Journal of Public Economics, 157: 1-14, Jan 2018, 2-page summary, Development Impact blogpost, VoxDev piece, replication data).

• The Long-Term Impacts of International Migration: Evidence from a Lottery, (with John Gibson, Halahingano Rohorua and Steven Stillman), World Bank Economic Review 32(1): 127-47, 2018 (VoxDev post, replication data)

• How is development economics taught in developing countries? (with Anna Luisa Paffhausen), Journal of Economic Education, 49(3): 278-90, 2018.

• Can business owners form accurate counterfactuals? Eliciting treatment and control beliefs about their outcomes in the alternative treatment status, Journal of Business & Economic Statistics, 36(4): 714-22, 2018. (replication files)

• The Effects of Cash Transfers on Adult Labor Market Outcomes (with Sarah Baird and Berk Ozler), IZA Journal of Development and Migration, 8:22, 2018. (VoxDev post)

2017

• Teaching personal initiative beats traditional training in boosting small business in West Africa (with Francisco Campos, Michael Frese, Markus Goldstein, Leonardo Iacovone, Hillary Johnson and Mona Mensmann), Science, vol. 357, issue 6357: pp. 1287-90, 22 September 2017. (reprint (pdf), full text (html), supplementary materials, replication files, Development impact post, pre-analysis plan, immersive feature with videos, policy brief).

• Identifying and Spurring High-Growth Entrepreneurship: Experimental Evidence from a Business Plan Competition, American Economic Review, 107(8): 2278-2307, 2017 (paper, appendix, 2-page summary, VoxDev summary, Development impact post, replication files, Planet Money podcast and story, pre-analysis plan)

• Business Practices in Small Firms in Developing Countries (with Chris Woodruff), Management Science, 63(9): 2967-81, 2017 (working paper version, Development impact post, Vox post, replication files)

• What is Considered Development Economics? Commonalities and Differences in University Courses Around the Developing World (with Anna Luisa Paffhausen), World Bank Economic Review, 31(3): 595-610, 2017. (replication data)

• How Effective are Active Labor Market Policies in Developing Countries? A Critical Review of Recent Evidence World Bank Research Observer, 32(2): 127-54, 2017 (Development Impact post, VoxDev summary)

• The Additionality Impact of a Matching Grant Program for Small Firms: Experimental Evidence from Yemen (with Nabila Assaf and Ana Paula Cusolito) Journal of Development Effectiveness, 9(1), 2017 (2-page summary, replication files)

• How Reliable are Survey Estimates of Remittances? Evidence from a Cross-Reporting Survey Exercise (with John Gibson), Migration Studies, 5(1): 97-115, 2017.

• Poverty, Inequality, and International Migration: Insights from 10 years of migration and development conferences, Revue d'economie du developpement 2017/3 (Vol. 25): pp. 13-28.

2016

• The Impact of Vocational Training for the Unemployed: Experimental Evidence from Turkey (with Sarojini Hirschleifer, Rita Almeida and Cristobal Ridao-Cano), Economic Journal, 126(597): 2115-2146, 2016 (replication files, pre-analysis plan, ERF blog post)  

• Do wage subsidies provide a stepping stone to employment for recent college graduates? Evidence from a Randomized Experiment in Jordan (with Matthew Groh, Nandini Krishnan and Tara Vishwanath), Review of Economics and Statistics 98(3): 488-502, 2016 (online appendix, replication files) 

• Macroinsurance for microenterprises: a randomized experiment in post-revolution Egypt (with Matthew Groh), Journal of Development Economics, 118: 13-25, 2016 (2-page summary version, replication files).

• Unilateral Facilitation Does Not Raise International Labor Migration from the Philippines (with Emily Beam and Dean Yang), Economic Development and Cultural Change, 64(2): 323-68, 2016. (replication files)

• The Demand for, and Impact of, Youth Internships: Evidence from a Randomized Experiment in Yemen (with Nabila Assaf and Ana Paula Cusolito) IZA Journal of Labor and Development, 5:1, 2016. (replication files)

• A helping hand or the long arm of the law ? experimental evidence on what governments can do to formalize firms with Gustavo Henrique de Andrade, and Miriam Bruhn World Bank Economic Review, 30(1): 24-54 (2-pager, replication files)  

• Radio frequency (un)identification: results from a proof-of-concept trial of the use of RFID technology to measure microenterprise turnover in Sri Lanka (with Suresh de Mel, Dammika Herath and Yuvraj Pathak), Development Engineering, 1: 4-11, 2016

  • The impact of soft skills training on female youth employment: Evidence from a randomized experiment in Jordan (with Matthew Groh, Nandini Krishnan and Tara Vishwanath), IZA Journal of Labor and Development, 5:9, 2016. (replication files)

2015

• Evidence on policies to increase the development impacts of international migration (with Dean Yang), World Bank Research Observer, 30(2): 155-92, 2015. 

• Miserable Migrants? Natural Experiment Evidence on International Migration and Objective and Subjective Well-Being with Steven Stillman, John Gibson,and Halahingano Rohorua. World Development, 65: 79-93, 2015.

• Directing remittances to education with soft and hard commitments: evidence from a lab-in-the-field experiment and new product take-up among Filipino migrants in Rome (with Giuseppe de Arcangelis, Majlinda Joxhe, Erwin Tiongson and Dean Yang), Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 111: 197-208, 2015. (2 page summary version)  

• Testing the importance of search frictions and matching through a randomized experiment in Jordan (with Matthew Groh, Nour Shammout and Tara Vishwanath), IZA Journal of Labor Economics, 4:7, 2015 (2-page summary version, replication files)

• Learning About Migration Through Experiments , pp. 68-82 in Christian Dustmann (ed.) Migration: economic change, social challenge. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK. 2015.

• Martin Ruhs' The Price of Rights: Achievements and Next Steps for Migration Scholars, Migration Studies, 3(2): 299-301, 2015.

• Reducing Information Asymmetries in the YouthLabor Market of Jordan with Psychometrics and Skill Based Tests (with Matthew Groh and Tara Vishwanath), World Bank Economic Review Papers & Proceedings, 2015: 29 (suppl 1) S106-S117 (Development Impact post)

2014

• Development through Seasonal Worker programs: the case of New Zealand's RSE Program with John Gibson, pp. 186-210 in Robert E.B. Lucas (ed.) International Handbook on Migration and Economic Development. Edward Elgar: Northampton, MA, 2014.

• Invitation Choice Structure Has No Impact on Attendance in a Female Business Training Program in Kenya (with Faizan Diwan, Grace Makana, and Silvia Paruzzolo),  PLOS ONE, 9(10): e109873, 2014. (replication materials)

• The Development Impact of a Best Practice Seasonal Worker Policy with John Gibson, Review of Economics and Statistics, 96(2): 229-43, 2014, (2-pager, replication data Tonga and Vanuatu)    

• Do Poverty Traps Exist? Assessing the Evidence (with Aart Kraay), Journal of Economic Perspectives 28(3): 127-48, 2014.  (replication materials)              

• Distortions in the International Migrant Labor Market: Evidence from Filipino Migration and Wage Responses to Destination Country Economic Shocks , with Caroline Theoharides and Dean Yang, American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, 6(2): 49-75, 2014. (replication files) 

• Business Training and Female Enterprise Start-up, Growth, and Dynamics: Experimental evidence from Sri Lanka (with Suresh de Mel and Chris Woodruff), Journal of Development Economics, 106: 199-210, 2014, (2-pager, replication files)

• Microenterprise Growth and the Fly-paper Effect: Evidence from a Randomized Experiment in Ghana (with Marcel Fafchamps, Simon Quinn, and Chris Woodruff), Journal of Development Economics, 106: 211-226, 2014, (2-pager, replication files)

• Using Repeated Cross-Sections to Explore Movements into and out of Poverty (with Hai-Anh Dang, Peter Lanjouw and Jill Luoto), Journal of Development Economics, 107: 112-128, 2014. (replication files) 

• The minimal impact of a large-scale financial education program in Mexico City with Miriam Bruhn and Gabriel Lara Ibarra, Journal of Development Economics, (online appendix, replication data), 108: 184-89, 2014, (2-pager)

• Who You Train Matters: Identifying Combined Effects of Financial Education on Migrant Households , with Yoko Doi and Bilal Zia, Journal of Development Economics,  (online appendix, replication files), 109: 39-55, 2014, (2-pager)

• Learning from the experiments that never happened: Lessons from trying to conduct randomized evaluations of matching grant programs in Africa with Francisco Campos, Aidan Coville, Ana Fernandes and Markus Goldstein. Journal of the Japanese and International Economies,  33: 4-24, 2014, (2-pager)        

• What are we learning from business training evaluations around the developing world? with Chris Woodruff, World Bank Research Observer, 29(1): 48-82, 2014. 

• The Impact of Financial Literacy Training for Migrants with John Gibson and Bilal Zia, World Bank Economic Review, 28(1): 130-161, 2014 (2-pager, replication files)

• Quantifying Some of the Impacts of Economics Blogs with Berk Ozler, Economic Development and Cultural Change, 62(3): 567-97, 2014. (replication files)

• Review of "The Tyranny of Experts: Economists, Dictators, and the Forgotten Rights of the Poor", Journal of Development Effectiveness, 6(2): 211-14, 2014.

• "Japanese-Brazilians and the Future of Brazilian Migration to Japan", with A. Salcedo,International Migration, 52(2): 66-83, 2014. (replication files)

• Scientific Mobility and Knowledge Networks in High Emigration Countries: Evidence from the Pacific, with John Gibson, Research Policy, 43(9): 1486-95, 2014.

• Entry regulation and formalization of microenterprises in developing countries with Miriam Bruhn, World Bank Research Observer, 29(2): 186-201, 2014.

2013

• Does Management Matter? Evidence from India with Nick Bloom, Benn Eifert, Aprajit Mahajan and John Roberts, Quarterly Journal of Economics, 128(1): 1-51, 2013, (2-pager)

• The Demand for, and Consequences of, Formalization Among Informal Firms in Sri Lanka with Suresh de Mel and Chris Woodruff, American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, 5(2): 122-50, 2013, (2-pager, replication files)            

• A land of milk and honey with streets paved with gold: Do emigrants have over-optimistic expectations about incomes abroad? with J. Gibson and S. Stillman, Journal of Development Economics, 102: 116-27, 2013.

• Selectivity and the Estimated Impact of Emigration on Incomes and Poverty in Sending Areas: Evidence from the Samoan Quota Migration Lottery with J. Gibson and S. Stillman, Economic Development and Cultural Change, 61(2): 248-280, 2013.

• Natural Experiment Evidence on the Effect of Migration on Blood Pressure and Hypertension , with John Gibson, Steven Stillman and Hala Rohorua, Health Economics, 22: 655-72.

• Using Administrative Data to Evaluate Municipal Reforms: An Evaluation of the Impact of Minas Fácil Expresso , with Miriam Bruhn, Journal of Development Effectiveness, 5(3): 319-338, 2013, (2-pager, replication files)

• Eliciting Illegal migration rates through list randomization with Melissa Siegel. Migration Studies, 1(3): 276-91, 2013.

• Development Impacts of Seasonal and Temporary Migration: A Review of Evidence from the Pacific and Southeast Asia (with John Gibson and Halahingano Rohorua), Asia and the Pacific Policy Studies, 1(1): 18-32, 2013.

2012

• Beyond Baseline and Follow-up: The Case for more T in Experiments . Journal of Development Economics, 99(2): 210-21, 2012.

• One-time transfers of cash or capital have long-lasting effects on microenterprises in Sri Lanka with Suresh de Mel and Chris Woodruff, Science, 335, 24 February 2012, pp. 962-66, (2-pager, replication data)        

• Australia’s PSWPS: Development impacts in the first two years with J. Gibson, Asia Pacific Viewpoint 52(3): 361-70.

• The Economic Consequences of “Brain Drain” of the Best and Brightest: Evidence from Five Countries , with J. Gibson, Economic Journal, 122: 339-75, 2012.

• Enterprise Recovery following Natural Disasters with S. de Mel and C. Woodruff, Economic Journal, 122: 64-91, 2012.

• "The Impact of Immigration on Child Health: Experimental Evidence From a Migration Lottery Program", with J. Gibson and S. Stillman, Economic Inquiry, 50(1): 62-81, 2012.

• Using PDA consistency checks to increase the precision of profits and sales measurement in panels with M. Fafchamps, S. Quinn and C. Woodruff, Journal of Development Economics, 98(1): 51-57, 2012

• Experimental Approaches in Migration Studies with Dean Yang pp. 249-269 in Carlos Vargas-Silva (ed.) Handbook of Research Methods in Migration. Edward-Elgar: Northampton, MA, 2012.  

2011

• How can we learn whether firm policies are working in Africa? Challenges (and solutions?) for experiments and structural models , Journal of African Economics, 20(4): 600-25, 2011.

• Eight questions about brain drain with J. Gibson, Journal of Economic Perspectives, 25(3): 107-28, 2011.

• Getting Credit to High Return Microentrepreneurs: The Results of an Information Intervention , with S. de Mel and C. Woodruff, World Bank Economic Review, 25(3): 456-85, 2011.

• Remittances and the Brain Drain Revisited: The microdata show more educated migrants remit more with A. Bollard, M. Morten and H. Rapoport, World Bank Economic Review, 25(1): 132-156, 2011.

• Buying less, but shopping more: Changes in consumption patterns during a crisis with E. Schargrodsky, Economia, 11(2): 1-43, 2011.

• What happens to Diet and Child Health when Migration Splits Households? Evidence from a Migration Lottery Program with J. Gibson and S. Stillman, Food Policy, 36(1): 7-15, 2011.

• Can Migration Reduce Educational Attainment? Evidence from Mexico , with H. Rapoport,Journal of Population Economics, 24(4): 1331-1358, 2011.

• Eliciting Probabilistic Expectations with Visual Aids in Developing Countries: How sensitive are answers to variations in elicitation design? with A. Delavande and X. Gine, Journal of Applied Econometrics, 26(3): 479-497, 2011.

• The Impacts of International Migration on Remaining Household Members: Omnibus Results from a Migration Lottery Program , with J. Gibson and S. Stillman, Review of Economics and Statistics, 93(4): 1297-1317, 2011. (replication files)

• The Microeconomic Determinants of Emigration and Return Migration of the Best and Brightest: Evidence from the Pacific , with J. Gibson, Journal of Development Economics, 95(1): 18-29, 2011. Appendix

• How can developing country governments facilitate international migration for poverty reduction? with J. Gibson, pp.125-43 in Migration and Poverty: Toward Better Opportunities for the Poor, E. Murrugarra, J. Larrison and M. Sasin (eds.) The World Bank, 2011.

2010

• The Remitting Patterns of African Migrants in the OECD with A. Bollard and M. Morten, Journal of African Economics, 19(5): 605-34, 2010.

• Measuring Subjective Expectations in Developing Countries: A Critical Review and New Evidence , with A. Delavande and X. Gine, Journal of Development Economics, 94(2): 151-63, 2010.

• Wage Subsidies for Microenterprises with S. de Mel and C. Woodruff, American Economic Review Papers and Proceedings, 100(2): 614-18, 2010.

• Why do Firms in Developing Countries Have Low Productivity , with N. Bloom, A. Mahajan and J. Roberts, American Economic Review Papers and Proceedings, 100(2): 619-23, 2010.

• "Information Flows and Migration: Recent Survey Evidence from the South Pacific" with J. Gibson, H. Rohorua and S. Stillman,Asian and Pacific Migration Journal, 19(3): 401-20, 2010.

• Does it pay firms to register for taxes? The impact of formality on firm profitability with Y. S. Sakho, Journal of Development Economics, 91(1): 15-24, 2010, (2-pager, replication files)

• Impact Assessments in Finance and Private Sector Development: What have we learned and what should we learn? , World Bank Research Observer, 25(2): 209-33,2010.

• Self-Selection Patterns in Mexico-U.S. Migration: The Role of Migration Networks , with H. Rapoport, Review of Economics and Statistics, 92(4): 811-821, 2010.

• How Important is Selection? Experimental Vs Non-experimental Measures of the Income Gains from Migration , with J. Gibson and S. Stillman, Journal of the European Economic Association, 8(4): 913-45, 2010. (replication file)

• Who are the Microenterprise Owners?: Evidence from Sri Lanka on Tokman v. de Soto with S. de Mel and C. Woodruff, in International Differences in Entrepreneurship, J. Lerner and A. Schoar (eds.), pp.63-87, 2010.

2009

• How do Pacific Island households and communities cope with seasonally absent members? with J. Gibson, H. Rohorua and P. Garcia-Martinez, Pacific Economic Bulletin 24(3): 19-38, 2009.

• Migration and Mental Health: Evidence from a Natural Experiment with J. Gibson and S. Stillman, Journal of Health Economics, 28(3): 677-87, 2009.

• Are Women More Credit Constrained? Experimental Evidence on Gender and Microenterprise Returns , with S. de Mel and C. Woodruff, American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, 1(3):1-32, 2009, (2-pager)            

• In Pursuit of Balance: Randomization in Practice in Development Field Experiments , with M. Bruhn, American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, 1(4): 200-32, 2009

• Surveying Migrant Households: A Comparison of Census-based, Snowball, and Intercept Surveys , with J. Mistiaen, Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series A, 172(2): 339-360, 2009. (data)

• "Mental Health Patterns and Consequences: Results from Survey Data in Five Developing Countries", with J. Das, Q.-T. Do, and J. Friedman, World Bank Economic Review, 23(1), 31-55, 2009.

• Measuring Microenterprise Profits: Must We Ask How the Sausage Is Made? , with S. de Mel and C.Woodruff, Journal of Development Economics, 88(1): 19-31, 2009.

• "Urban Water Supply in India: Status, Reform Options, and Possible Lessons", with I. Ray,Water Policy, 11: 442-60, 2009.

2008

• Returns to Capital in Microenterprises: Evidence from a Field Experiment , with S. de Mel and C. Woodruff,Quarterly Journal of Economics, 123(4): 1329-72, 2008, (2-pager, replication files)

• Experimental Evidence on Returns to Capital and Access to Finance in Mexico , with C. Woodruff, World Bank Economic Review, 22(3): 457-82, 2008.

• Who is coming from Vanuatu to New Zealand under the new Recognized Seasonal Employer (RSE) Program? with P.Garcia Martinez and L.A. Winters, Pacific Economic Bulletin 23(3):205-228, 2008.

• How Pro-Poor is the Selection of Seasonal Migrant Workers from Tonga Under New Zealand’s Recognized Seasonal Employer (RSE) Program? with J. Gibson and H. Rohorua, Pacific Economic Bulletin 23(3): 187-204, 2008.

• A Profile of the World's Young Developing Country Migrants , Population and Development Review, 34(1): 115-135 (2008).

• Mental Health Recovery and Economic Recovery after the Tsunami: High-Frequency Longitudinal Evidence from Sri Lanka with S. de Mel and C. Woodruff, Social Science and Medicine, 66: 582-95 (2008)

• " Revisiting the Relationship between Mental Health and Poverty in Developing Countries: A Response to Corrigall ", with J. Das, Q.-T. Do, J. Friedman, and K. Scott, Social Science and Medicine, 66(9): 2064-66 (2008).

2007

• Efficient Remittance Services for Development in the Pacific , with J. Gibson, G. Boe-Gibson, and H. Rohorua, Asia-Pacific Development Journal, 14(2):55-74, 2007.

• Which Youth Get to Make Human Capital Decisions? Results from Recent Surveys ,Development Outreach (June 2007).

• "Paper Walls Are Easier to Tear Down: Passport Costs and Legal Barriers to Emigration",World Development. 35(11): 2026-2039 (2007).

• Poverty Traps and Nonlinear Income Dynamics with Measurement Error and Individual Heterogeneity , with F. Antman, Journal of Development Studies, 43(6): 1057-1083 (August 2007).

• Using the Global Positioning System (GPS) in Household Surveys for Better Economics and Better Policy , with J. Gibson, World Bank Research Observer, 2007, 22(2): 217-41.

• "Mental Health and Poverty in Developing Countries: Revisiting the Relationship", with J. Das, Q.-T. Do, J. Friedman, and K. Scott, Social Science and Medicine, 65(3): 467-80 (August 2007).

• Earnings Mobility and Measurement Error: A Pseudo-Panel Approach , with F. Antman,Economic Development and Cultural Change, 56(1): 125-162 (2007).

• "Moving to Opportunity, Leaving Behind What? Evaluating the Initial Effects of a Migration Policy on Incomes and Poverty in a Source Country", with J. Gibson and S. Stillman, New Zealand Economic Papers, 41(2): 197-224 (2007).

• Migration and Education Inequality in Rural Mexico with H. Rapoport, Integration and Trade Journal/Revista Integración y Comercio, 27: 13-158 (2007).

• Network Effects and the dynamics of Migration and Inequality: Theory and Evidence from Mexico , with H. Rapoport, Journal of Development Economics, 84(1): 1-24 (2007).

• Remittances in the Pacific , in Immigrants and their International Money Flows, S. Pozo (ed.), W.E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research: Kalamazoo, MI, pp. 99-121 (2007).    

• The Impact of an Ex-Ante Job Offer Requirement on Labor Migration: The New Zealand-Tongan Experience , with J. Gibson, in International Migration, Economic Development and Policy, C. Ozden and M. Schiff (eds.), World Bank, Washington, DC, pp. 215-233 (2007).   

• Review of "Poverty Traps" by S. Bowles, S. Durlauf and K. Hoff (eds.), Economic Development and Cultural Change, 55(4): 845-848 (July 2007).     

2006

• How cost elastic are remittances? Evidence from Tongan migrants in New Zealand , with J. Gibson and H. Rohorua, Pacific Economic Bulletin, 21(1): 112-128 (2006).

• Do Entry Costs Provide an Empirical Basis for Poverty Traps? Evidence from Mexican Microenterprises, with C. Woodruff, Economic Development and Cultural Change, 55(1): 3-42 (2006).

• The Consumer Response to the Mexican Peso Crisis , Economic Development and Cultural Change, 55(1): 139-72 (2006).

• Disentangling Age, Cohort and Time Effects in the Additive Model , Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 68(4): 473-95 (2006).

• Precautionary Saving and Consumption Growth in Taiwan , China Economic Review, 17(1): 84-101 (2006).

• Comment on "Assessing Health Reform in Colombia: From Theory to Practice" by A. Gaviria et al., Economia, 7(1): 64-65 (Fall 2006).            

2005

• Measuring Inequality with Asset Indicators , Journal of Population Economics, 18(2): 229-260 (2005).

• The effects of migration on child health in Mexico , with N. Hildebrandt, Economia, 6(1): 257-89 (2005).

• Paradox and Perception: Evidence from Four Latin American Countries , with D. Mookherjee, chapter 2 in Reality Check: The Distributional Impact of Privatization in Developing Countries, J. Nellis and N. Birdsall (eds.) Center for Global Development: Washington, D.C. (2005).

• Beyond Remittances: The effects of Migration on Mexican Households , in International Migration, Remittances and the Brain Drain, C. Ozden and M. Schiff (eds.) The World Bank: Washington D.C. (2005).

• Capitalization and privatization in Bolivia: An approximation to an evaluation , with G. Barja and M. Urquiola, chapter 4 in Reality Check: The Distributional Impact of Privatization in Developing Countries, J. Nellis and N. Birdsall (eds.) Center for Global Development, Washington DC. (2005).   

• Review of "Indonesian Living Standards after the Financial Crisis" by J. Strauss et al., Journal of Economic Literature (September 2005).         

2004

• "Aggregate Shocks and Labor Market Responses: Evidence from Argentina’s Financial Crisis",Economic Development and Cultural Change, 52(4): 719-758 (2004).

• "Asymptotic Theory for Heterogeneous Dynamic Pseudo-Panels", Journal of Econometrics, 120(2): 235-262 (2004).

• "An Econometric Analysis of IBRD Creditworthiness", International Economic Journal, 18(4): 429-450 (2004).

2003

• "The Distributive Impact of Privatization in Latin America: An Overview of Evidence from Four Countries", with D. Mookherjee, Economia, 3(2): 161-218 (2003).

• "How Do Households Cope with Aggregate Shocks? Evidence from the Mexican Peso Crisis",World Development, 31(7): 1179-1199 (2003).

2002

• "The Prudence of Mexican Consumers", Economía Mexicana, Nueva Época , 11(2): 393-407 (2002).

• Are tortillas a giffen good in Mexico ?, Economics Bulletin , 15(1): 1-7 (2002).

• "Estimation of AR(1) Models with Unequally-Spaced Pseudo-Panels", Econometrics Journal 2001, 4: 89- 108. Reprinted as pp. 372-91, B. Baltagi (ed.), Recent Developments in the Econometrics of Panel Data Volume II, Edward Elgar: Northampton, MA (2002).

2001

• "The Impact of Capital Controls on Growth Convergence", Journal of Economic Development 26(1):1-24 (2001).

1997

• "Econometric cost estimates for cellular telephony in the United States", with J. P. Small,Journal of Regulatory Economics , 12(2): 147-57 (1997).

Books

• World Development Report 2007: Development and the Next Generation (core team member)

Blog

• Development Impact blog: http://blogs.worldbank.org/impactevaluations

Other Documents

• Youth, ICTs and Development , Global Information and Communication Technologies Working Paper (March 2007).

Policy Notes

• Think Again: Brain Drain with M. Clemens. Foreign Policy, October 22, 2009.

• Summaries of impact evaluations