2023年8月8日、ピダン・プロジェクト・チーム（PPT）は、収集した全ピダン・コレクション41枚を、プノンペンのカンボジア国立博物館に寄贈しました。PPTメンバー7人は全員、すでにカンボジアを離任しており、毎年、メンバーの誰かが、カンボジアを訪れてきましたが、2020～2021年は新型コロナ流行でカンボジアを訪れることができませんでした。訪問が可能な時に、収集した全ピダン・コレクションをカンボジアに寄贈し、カンボジアの人々、そしてより多くの人々に、そのすばらしさを知っていただきたいと考えました。また寄贈により、ピダンについて調査研究が進展し、無形文化遺産に認定されることに貢献することを願っています。
2023年10月、カンボジア政府から、PPTチーム7人に勲章授与の栄誉をご連絡いただきました。PPTは、カンボジア文化省と国立博物館、絹織物の織り手のご協力と、多くの方々のご支援により、ピダン常設展示を実現できたことに深く感謝もうしあげます。
国立博物館は、寄贈されたピダン41枚を10枚ずつ、4回にわけて、2024年に、展示会を開催する計画です。
《国立博物館Facebookの2023/8/9にピダン贈与式掲示 <https://www.facebook.com/nationalmuseumcambodia> 》
[国立博物館Facebookの2023/8/9にピダン贈与式について掲示 Google translation]
"The second handing over of the Pidan and silk textiles
The Japanese Pidan Project Team led by Dr. YONEKURA Yukiko and Dr. MIYAMOTO Kazuko received permission to pay a courtesy call on HE Dr. Pheung Sakona, Minister of Culture and Fine Arts at the Ministry at 10:30 in the morning, Tuesday, 8 August 2023, Buddhist year 2567.
On the occasion of this meeting, the Japanese Pidan Project Team handed over a total of 41 Pidan textiles and 2 silk textiles to the Ministry to be kept as state property at the National Museum of Cambodia. It should also be recalled that in 2011, the Pidan Project team handed over 23 Pidan.
These 41 Pidan collections are an important collection of reflections that reflect the richness of the intangible heritage of the Khmer weaving industry over the past century. The ornaments on the silk screen evoke an overview of daily life and the beliefs that Cambodians practice, especially the ones related to Buddhist history.
The main purpose of this handover is to ensure the sustainability of the preservation, maintenance and promotion of the luxury and uniqueness of the Khmer silk weaving heritage. In addition, the Pidan team would like to provide opportunities and convenience to Khmer silk weavers who wish to learn about the various forms and designs on silk can visit the National Museum by contacting the museum in advance. So that the team can prepare those collections in time without having to spend time waiting.
The museum strongly hopes that the public will examine the possibility of handing over other collections to the museum as a national treasure, as the Japanese team did today, as they will become a living document for dissemination and study. Understand the intangible heritage left by Khmer ancestors."
《2023年に寄贈したピダン41枚の概要、カンボジア政府から勲章授与を知らせる書状、は下段の添付資料を参照。》
Donated 41 Pidan & silk: Producer, Place, Year寄贈したピダンと絹：作者、場所、年
[by YONEKURA Yukiko, Pidan Project Team: 13 November 2023]
List numbers and temporary titles
通し番号と仮タイトル
Explanation of motif紋様の概説
1 Life of Buddha: from Birth to Nirvana
Producer name: Mr. Suong Mich and Ms. Pech Kim,
Place: Takeo,
Year: 2000s
This traditional Pidan motif depicts the life of Buddha. It was revived from the photo of antique Pidan. Making this Pidan is extremely difficult since there are no repetition of motifs. It requires the extraordinary skill and concentration of the weaver.
このピダンは伝統柄「仏様の一生」。アンティーク・ピダンの写真から復元された。柄の繰り返しが無いため、このピダンの制作は非常に難しく、織り手の卓越した技能と人並外れた集中力を示す。
Prince Sidharta left his wife and children at the castle riding on his horse. The demons tried to prevent his enlightenment but Gods protected him. After meditating under the Boddhi tree, he was enlightened.
シッダールタ王子は妻子を残し、白い愛馬に乗って城を出る。悪魔が悟りを開くことを邪魔するが、神々が王子を守る。王子は菩提樹の下で瞑想し、悟りを開く。
Furthermore, Mr. Suong Mich and Ms. Pech Kim added the new motifs to the traditional motif of “the Life of Buddha” (above) in collaboration with “Kei Khmer”, natural dye textile shop. Mr. Suong Mich designed the motifs of Buddha’s birth and Ms. Pech Kim (Nget) designed the motif of nirvana.さらに、草木染織物ショップ“Kei Khmer”と協働し、1年かけて、伝統柄（上記）に、スオン・ミッチさんが誕生の様子、ペッチ・キム（ンゲット）さんが入滅／涅槃の様子を作画。左端に、誕生して、7歩あるき、右手で天を、左手で地をさし、天上天下唯我独尊ととなえた逸話、右端に入滅／涅槃の様子が加えられた。
2 Tree of Life (Similar to #28 motif but different in layout and color)
Producer name: Ms. Pech Kim,
Place: Takeo,
Year: 2000s
The main motifs of this Pidan are the tree of life with birds and blooming flowers. Naga is depicted only at the bottom of tree of life or in the upper fringe. This Pidan was revived from the photo of antique Pidan shown in “The Textiles of Cambodia” by Fukuoka Art Museum. According to it, Cham people in Cambodia might have used to make such Pidan motif in the past. このピダンの主な柄は、鳥が枝に憩い、花が咲く生命樹で、ナーガは生命樹の根元、上方の縁に控えめに描かれたのみである。このピダンもアンティーク・ピダンの写真から復元され、写真が載っていた福岡市美術館『カンボジアの染織』によれば、カンボジアの少数民族チャム人が過去にこうした紋様のピダンを制作していたと考えられる。
3 Large Naga (Same motif as #29 Pidan)
Producer name: Ms. Pech Kim,
Place: Takeo,
Year: 2000s
This Pidan was revived from the photo of antique Pidan depicting Naga.
このピダンはアンティーク・ピダンの写真を見て復元したナーガ紋様。
Naga is the image of dragon or king cobra. Naga is worshiped in Cambodia as a protecting god of water and earth, a half-god like character in Indian myth. Naga has divine status in Hinduism.このピダンはナーガ（インド神話における半神的な性格をもつ大蛇または龍。不死・生命を象徴し、カンボジアでは、水・大海や大地を司る守護神として人々に奉られている）。ナーガはヒンドゥー教の中では神格化されている）。
4 Naga, Crab etc
Producer name: Ms. Pech Kim,
Place: Takeo,
Year: 2000s
This Pidan was revived from the photo of antique Pidan depicting Naga, tree of life, bird, fish and crab. Making this Pidan requires the outstanding skill and extreme concentration of the weaver.
このピダンはアンティーク・ピダンの写真を見て復元した。ナーガ、生命樹、鳥、魚、カニなど、細かい絵柄を描くには、織り手に秀逸な技能と集中力が必要。
5 Temple, Kimnara, etc (Same motif as #26)
Producer name: Unknown, sold by an NGO, Khmer Silk Processing Association (KSPA) for Future Light Orphanage (FLO) set up by Ms. Nuon Phaly,
Place: Takeo,
Year: 1990s
This Pidan depicts the scenery of temples, Buddha statue, worshipers, KIMNARA (half-human half-bird God of singing and dancing), tree of life which has divine status in Hinduism, white elephants, tigers, lions, etc.
このピダンはお寺、仏像、信者、供物、キンナラ（人頭鳥身の歌舞神）、生命樹（ヒンドゥ教の中では神格化されている）、白い象、虎、ライオン他を描いている。
6 Tree of Life, horse, etc
Producer name: Ms. Pech Kim,
Place: Takeo,
Year: 2000s
This Pidan was revived from the photo of antique Pidan.
このピダンはアンティーク・ピダンの写真を見て復元した。
7 Ship with 3 sails
Producer name: Ms. Pech Kim,
Place: Takeo,
Year: 2000s
This Pidan also depicts sailing ships, tree of life, Naga, birds, fishes, etc. The shapes of sailing ships vary. This Pidan was revived from the photo of antique Pidan.
このピダンには帆船、ナーガ、生命樹、鳥、魚などが描かれている。帆船の種類は様々だ。アンティーク・ピダンの写真から復元された。
8 Wave (Same motif as #32)
Producer name: Mr. Sun Met,
Place: Takeo,
Year: 2000s
(In Malaysia, “bat” according to Mr. John Ang, Malay Textile & Antiquecollector)
9 Tree of Life
Producer name: Ms. Pech Kim at Mr. Lev Saem workshop,
Place: Phnom Penh,
Year: 1990s
Mr. Lev Saem originally designed these motifs. This astonoshing Pidan depicts Naga, the image of dragon or king cobra. Naga is worshiped in Cambodia as a protecting god of water and earth, a half-god like character in Indian myth. Other motifs include Apsara, a celestial nymph, the tree of life, white elephants, etc. Both Naga and the tree of life have divine status in Hinduism.
リウサエム氏のオリジナル創作デザイン。このピダンはナーガ（インド神話における半神的な性格をもつ大蛇または龍。不死・生命を象徴し、カンボジアでは、水・大海や大地を司る守護神として人々に奉られている）、アプサラ（天女）、生命樹（ナーガとともにヒンドゥー教の中では神格化されている）、白い象などを描いている。
This Pidan depicts the motif of Naga protecting some ornaments. Other motifs include tree of life, hamsa, baisai, etc.
このピダンは、ナーガが礼拝用装飾品と思われる物を守護する絵柄を描いている。その他、生命樹、霊鳥ハムサ、バイサイなど描かれている。
10 Hanuman confessing love to Sovammacha
Producer name: Unknown, woven at Mr. Lev Saem workshop,
Place: Phnom Penh
Year: 1990s
Mr. Lev Saem revived this motif from his mother's Pidan, which she had hidden in her pillow to protect it during Pol Pot time. In his mother's original Pidan, Sovammacha was smiling. The lines of its motifs were smooth and not serrated. The textile was very soft and thin. It showed how the weavers were sophisticated and highly skilled before the civil war.
このハヌマンとソヴァンマチャを描いたピダンは、リウサエム氏の工房で織られた。ポルポト時代、彼のお母さんが枕に隠して逃げたピダンを手本に復元された。彼のお母さんが守ったという元のピダンは、ソヴァンマチャは微笑み、絵柄の線もなめらかでギザギザがなく、非常に薄く、柔らかく、内戦前の織り手の洗練された高い技能を示すものだった。
11 Naga with legs, birds, nature (Similar to #27 motif but different in layout and color)
Producer name: Ms. Tan Por,
Place: Takeo,
Year: 1990s
Naga in Cambodia does not have legs. The motif of Naga with legs is influenced by Chinese dragons. The Naga motif in the antique Pidan with the same motif as this one in the antique textile collection of Mr. Morimoto, IKTT, Siam Reap, does not have legs (Photo below).
カンボジアのピダンのナーガは足が無い。足があるナーガ柄は、中国の龍の影響とされる。
シエムリアップIKTT森本さんの古布コレクションの同じ柄（下記の写真）のナーガには足が無い。
12 Junk ship (flat-bottom sailing vessel)
Producer name: Ms. Pech Kim,
Place: Takeo,
Year: 2000s
This Pidan depicts sailing ships, sailor, Naga, tree of life, birds, fishes. Ship motifs may mean to connect this life and next life but the truth is not yet known. Cham people often weave sailing ships and motifs relevant to the sea. This Pidan was revived from the photo of antique Pidan.
このピダンには帆船と乗員の他、ナーガ、生命樹、鳥、魚、などが描かれている。帆船は現世と来世をつなぐという説もあるが、詳細は定かではない。また船や海に関わる模様はカンボジアの少数民族であるチャム人がよく制作してきた。このピダンはアンティーク・ピダンの写真から復元されたものである。
13 Ship with 2 sails (Same motif as #31)
Producer name: Ms. Pech Kim,
Place: Takeo,
Year: 2011
This Pidan depicts sailing ships, peacocks, birds, fishes, crabs, and the tree of life growing from Naga. This Pidan was revived from the photo of antique Pidan shown in “The Textiles of Cambodia” by Fukuoka Art Museum. According to it, Cham people in Cambodia made this Pidan in the past. Arabic script.
このピダンには帆船、孔雀、鳥、魚、カニなどが描かれ、ナーガから生命樹が生えている。このピダンはアンティーク・ピダンの写真から復元され、写真が載っていた福岡市美術館『カンボジアの染織』によれば、カンボジアの少数民族チャム人が過去に制作していたと考えられる。アラビア文字
14 Buddha, white elephant, horse, etc. 8 layers.
Producer name: Unknown, sold by an NGO, Khmer Silk Processing Association (KSPA) for Future Light Orphanage (FLO) set up by Ms. Nuon Phaly,
Place: Takeo,
Year: 1990s
This Pidan depicts the scenery of pagoda and the Buddha stories. Small motifs in 8 layers require skilled weavers to make.
This Pidan makes us happy because all elephants, people, Buddha, Gods depicted are smiling. I assume that the weaver was happy when she/he produced this Pidan.
絵柄はお寺の様子と仏様に関連するお話を描いている。８段に描かれた細かい柄の制作には、熟練した腕が必要だ。このピダンが楽しげなのは、象、人、仏様、神様が皆、笑顔だからで、それは制作した時に織り手もハッピーだったからではないかと思う。
15 Happy white elephant, Angkor ruins with black back
Producer name: Unknown,
Place: Kampot, sold at a Silk Shop Angkor by Ms. Kao Sivanny in Phnom Penh
Year: 2000s,
This Pidan depicts motifs relevant to Buddhism including temples, Buddha statues, white elephants, white horses, baisai, and in addition, tree of life, sun, moon. Dynamic and lively smiling elephants and horse give us happy and cheerful impression.
このピダンには仏教に関連する絵柄、寺院、仏像、白い象、白い馬、バイサイ、そして生命樹、太陽と月などが描かれている。象や馬の躍動的な動き、象の笑顔など、明朗で楽し気な印象を与える。
In Surin, North-east Thailand. A weaver told us she wove elephant motif not for wearing. People hang it on walls during ceremonies to wish luck and happiness, such as weddings, house warming ceremonies, etc.
東北タイのスリンの村の織り手は、ゾウ柄は最近、織ったが、着るためではなく、結婚式、新築家屋の落成式など吉祥の儀式の時に壁にかけたりする、と。
16 Golden Buddha, white elephant, human.
Producer name: Unknown, sold at Toul Tompong market, Phnom Penh
Place: Unknown,
Year: 1990s
The motif of this Pidan is same with the one which came from Chau Giang, An Giang Province, Vietnam, shown in “The Textiles of Cambodia” by Fukuoka Art Museum (p.19). In the middle section, Buddha is seated in a temple. In the bottom section, there are elephants and humans. There is an episode known in Cambodia that even monkeys offer honey to Buddha and elephants offer water to Buddha (p.146).
このピダンの絵柄は、福岡市美術館『カンボジアの染織』のピダン（カンボジアと隣接するベトナムのアンザン省のチャウジンからもたらされた）と同じである(p.19)。中段に寺院に坐する仏陀、下段に象と人物らしきものが表される。猿でさえハチミツを、象でさえ水を仏陀に布施をしたというエピソードがあり、カンボジアで好まれる題材である。(p.146)。
17 Thin Naga with yellow triangle-shape head
Producer name: Unknown,
Place: Unknown, Sold at Antique shop near Toul Tompong market, Phnom Penh
Year: Unknown, before civil war.
18 Thin Naga composing big diamond shape
Producer name: Unknown,
Place: Unknown, Sold at Antique shop near Toul Tompong market, Phnom Penh
Year: Unknown, before civil war.
According to “The Textiles of Cambodia” by Fukuoka Art Museum, Naga covered with hook motifs symbolize the head of Naga forming a diamond shape. The zigzag pattern with the red ground and yellow borders between the diamond shapes might be the abstract geometrical pattern of Naga.
福岡市美術館『カンボジアの染織』によると、ナーガの頭を象徴する鉤型(かぎがた)の突起を持つナーガの文様がひし形を形成し、ひし形の間の赤地に黄色の縁のジグザグ文様はナーガが抽象化された幾何学文様と考えられる。
19 Big diamond shape.
Producer name: Unknown,
Place: Unknown, Sold at Antique shop near Toul Tompong market, Phnom Penh
Year: Unknown, before civil war.
20 Detailed delicate elaborate Naga, bird, etc.
Producer name: Unknown,
Place: Unknown, Sold at Antique shop near Toul Tompong market, Phnom Penh
Year: Unknown, before civil war.
21 Preah Vesando on a black background.
Producer name: Unknown, sold by an NGO, Khmer Silk Processing Association (KSPA) for Future Light Orphanage (FLO) set up by Ms. Nuon Phaly,
Place: Takeo,
Year: 1990s
This Pidan depicts Vessantara Jataka, a story of former lives of Buddha. Every Cambodian knows this story of Prince Vessantara, who was so generous. He gave all his wealth, white elephant, chariot, horse, and even his wife, son and daughter.
このピダンの絵柄は、仏教に関る古代説話ジャータカ（本生譚）。カンボジア人は皆、知っている仏様の前世の説話の1つで、ヴェッサンタラ王子は欲が無く、家財、白い象、馬車、馬など全てを人々に分け与え、自分の妻、娘と息子も老人に与えるほど欲がなかったという説話。夜、老人は獣に襲われないように木の上で寝て、子どもたちは木につながれている図。
The 547 stories of Buddha’s previous lives, “The Jataka”, are full of suffering, killing, violence, lie, cheating. They show that lives end one day. Freeing oneself from greeds, one gains peace and happiness.
547ある仏様の前世物語ジャータカには、殺生、暴力、嘘、裏切りが描かれ、苦難にみちている。人生には終りがあり、欲から自由になることが、平和と幸福を得る道であると示している。
22 Preah Vesando
Producer name: Unknown,
Place: Takeo, sold by CYK,
Year: 2000s
[From Teacher John Ang's FB on 17 Jan 2014.]
"Amazingly beautiful and rare 1920s Cambodian vertical silk hol or ikat pidan depicting 4 scenes of the Vessantara Jataka used after rainy season ceremony in November."
23 Paradise in the Himalaya Mountains. 4 layers of peacocks
Producer name: Ms. Min Saran,
Place: Takeo, sold by CYK,
Year: 2000s
The paradisiacal forest “Prei Haembopean”, "Himalayan forest", the middle world of the “Three Worlds (Trey Phum)”
Gill Green “Traditional Textiles of Cambodia” (pp. 243, 257, 260, 266) explains these motifs are characteristic of the paradisiacal forest “Prei Haembopean”. The Khmer-English dictionary explains that this means "Himalayan forest". Green also describes that this paradisiacal forest “Prei Haembopean” features the middle world of the “Three Worlds (Trey Phum)” in Theravada Buddhist cosmology. According to the Khmer-English dictionary, the “Three Worlds (Trey Phum = Trey Phup)” consist of the world of desire, the world of form, and the formless world.
Gillian Green著 “Traditional Textiles of Cambodia” (p.243, 260)は、この文様は天国/楽園のような森“Prei Haembopean” の特徴と説明。クメール語辞書によると「ヒマラヤの森」という意味。Greenはまた、この天国/楽園のようなヒマラヤの森は上座部仏教の三界の中間界を表す、としている。［『日本大百科全書』によると、仏教の世界観で三界とは欲界・色界・無色界。最下の欲界は性欲・食欲・睡眠欲の三欲をもつ生き物が住む領域。色界は三欲を離れた生き物が住む清らかな領域。最上の無色界は物質を離脱した高度な精神的な世界。］
This Pidan is shown in “The Textiles of Cambodia” by Fukuoka Art Museum (p. 36).このピダンは福岡市美術館『カンボジアの染織』(p.36) に掲載。The motifs include lions, peacocks, peahens, birds holding flowers in their beaks, etc.文様は獅子、雄の孔雀、雌の孔雀、花をくちばしでくわえた大小の鳥など。The peacock motifs are considered to be used as decorations at wedding ceremonies. 孔雀の文様は結婚式の飾りに用いられた。
Pidan motifs depict the previous lives of Buddha. According to “The Jataka” translated into Japanese under the editorial supervision of NAKAMURA Hajime, in 547 stories of Buddha’s previous lives, the Himalayas is a place where hermits/ascetics live in huts in comfortable forests eating fruits, seeds and roots of trees and plants, meditate, obtain supernatural divine power, and reborn in the God Brahma’s heaven.
ピダン文様には仏様の前世物語が描かれていることから、中村元・監修『ジャータカ全集』釈尊の547の前世物語にヒマラヤがどのように描かれているかを見ると、その多くに、出家した修行者／仙人が、快適な森林に草庵をしつらえ、木の果実や根、草の実や根を食べて暮らし、神通力と瞑想を修得する所で、その後、梵天界に再生する、とある。
The paean/hymn in 547th Jataka, praises the Himalayas as the beautiful place for a secluded life, forests where wild animals like elephants, lions, rhinoceros, cows gather, tree flowers bloom, fairies sing and dance, peacocks and birds with vivid feathers dance, lotus flowers bloom.
547話のヒマラヤ賛歌は、美しき隠棲所、象・ライオン・虎・サイ・牛など猛獣の群れる森、樹々の花開き、妖精が歌いおどり、舞い踊る孔雀、あざやかな羽もつ鳥、蓮の花、と讃える。
In the 540th Jataka, the parents of Buddha in previous life live in the Himalayas to become hermits collected fruits and roots of trees in forests. Kimnari (half-human half-bird God of singing and dancing) as nanny takes care of Buddha in previous life.
540話ではヒマラヤで、前世の仏の両親は出家し、森で樹の根や果物を集め、キンナリー（人頭鳥身の歌舞神キンナラの女性形）が乳母として世話をしている。
24 Princess and tower
Producer name: Unknown, sold by an NGO, Khmer Silk Processing Association (KSPA) for Future Light Orphanage (FLO) set up by Ms. Nuon Phaly,
Place: Takeo,
Year: 1990s
This Pidan depicts pavilions, 3 women in them, APSARA at the top, animals, birds, BAISAI. This Pidan is similar to the Pidan shown in “Traditional Textiles of Cambodia” by Gillian Green (p.246), depicting temple structure and stupa structure. This Pidan is also similar to the Pidan depicting Prince Vessantara’s wife and their 2 children in the pavilion (p.222)
描かれている塔、その中に女性3人、上部に天女アプサラ、小動物や鳥、生命樹を表す供物のバイサイが描かれている。このピダンの絵柄はGillian Green著 “Traditional Textiles of Cambodia”の寺と卒塔婆を描いたピダンに似ている(p.246)。また仏の前世のピダンにヴェッサンタラ王子の妻Maddhiと2人の子が建物の中に描かれており、構図は似ている(p.222)。
25 Tower on a black background
Producer name: Unknown, sold by CYK
Place: Takeo,
Year: 2000s
This Pidan was revived from the photo of antique Pidan shown in “The Textiles of Cambodia” by Fukuoka Art Museum (p.28). The tower like motifs are not buildings since there are no windows nor doors but may represent offerings called baisai made of leaves and trunks of banana. The hook shapes from the sides represent Naga (dragon God). The tree of life is considered as a symbol linking heaven and earth in Hinduism (p.147)
このピダンも福岡市美術館『カンボジアの染織』アンティーク・ピダンの写真(p.28)から復元された。塔のように見える建築物は窓や扉が無いことから、バイサイ（バナナの葉と幹で作る供物）とも言われる。側面を装飾する鉤形の突起物はナーガ（龍神）。ヒンドゥー教で大地と天界を結ぶ象徴とされる生命樹など(p.147)。
This Pidan is also similar to the Pidan shown in “Traditional Textiles of Cambodia” by Gillian Green (p.290), depicting pagoda-style phka ben and Naga. Phka ben (flower mound), ritual artifact, symbolizes Prah Colamani, the casket which conserves the cut-off hair of Buddha becoming a monk (p.288, p.296).
このピダンの絵柄はGillian Green著 “Traditional Textiles of Cambodia”の寺様式のPhka Benとナーガを描いたピダンとも似ている(p.290)。儀式工芸品のPhka ben (花の土塁)はPrah Colamani (仏陀が出家した時に切った髪の毛を保存した小箱)を象徴する(p.288, p.296).
26 Temple, Kimnara, etc. (Same motif as #5)
Producer name: Unknown,
Place: Takeo, sold by CYK,
Year: 2000s
27 Naga with legs, birds, nature (Similar to #11 motif but different in layout and color)
Producer name: Ms. Pech Kim,
Place: Takeo,
Year: 2000s
The Naga, depicted as a dragon with four legs, is protecting the tree of life. The animals depicted here are, from the upper section, rats, peacocks, monkeys, horses, hamsa, birds, fish, dogs, huge fish, and white elephants. This Pidan was revived by Ms. Pech Kim from the photo of antique Pidan shown in “The Textiles of Cambodia” by Fukuoka Art Museum (p. 42).
4本足のある龍として表されたナーガが生命樹を守護する図。描かれている動物は、上から鼠、孔雀、猿、馬、霊鳥ハムサ、鳥、魚、犬、ナーガ、巨大魚、白象など。このピダンはペッチキムさんが福岡市美術館『カンボジアの染織』の写真から復元した (p.42)。
28 Tree of life and birds depicted by thin line (Similar to #2 motif but different in layout and color)
Producer name: Unknown,
Place: Takeo, sold by CYK,
Year: 2000s
This Pidan was revived from the photo of antique Pidan.
このピダンはアンティーク・ピダンの写真を見て復元した。
29 Large Naga (Same motif as #3 Pidan)
Producer name: Unknown,
Place: Takeo, sold by CYK,
Year: 2000s
This Pidan was revived from the photo of antique Pidan depicting Naga.
このピダンはアンティーク・ピダンの写真を見て復元したナーガ紋様。
30 Ship 3 sails (Same motif as #7 Pidan. Thick. Probably using Cambodian silk)
Producer name: Unknown,
Place: Takeo, sold by CYK,
Year: 2000s
This Pidan was revived from the photo of antique Pidan.
このピダンはアンティーク・ピダンの写真を見て復元した。
31 Ship with 2 sails (Same motif as #13 Pidan. Thick. Probably using Cambodian silk)
Producer name: Unknown,
Place: Takeo, sold by CYK,
Year: 2000s
This Pidan was revived from the photo of antique Pidan.
このピダンはアンティーク・ピダンの写真を見て復元した。
Without Arabic script.
アラビア文字無し。
32 Wave (Same motif as #8 Pidan. Thick. Probably using Cambodian silk)
Producer name: Unknown,
Place: Takeo, sold by CYK,
Year: 2000s
This Pidan was revived from the photo of antique Pidan.
このピダンはアンティーク・ピダンの写真を見て復元した。
33 Deer motif. 5 layers of deer
Producer name: Unknown,
Place: Takeo,
Year: 2000s
Many Pidan motifs depict the previous lives of Buddha. Is this deer motif relevant to Jataka or not? In the 482th, 483th and 501th Jataka, Buddha was born as a deer or a golden deer in his previous lives. According to “The Jataka” translated into Japanese under the editorial supervision of NAKAMURA Hajime, Buddha was born as a human, a peacock, a goose, a parrot, a pigeon, an eagle, a quail, a crow, sacred birds hamsa, a rabbit, a monkey, an elephant, a lion, a jackal, a dragon, a lizard, a frog, God Indra, Tree God, Sea God, etc. in his previous lives.多くのピダンには仏の前世物語が描かれている。この鹿柄は前世物語と関係があるのか？仏は前世482話、483話、501話で鹿・金鹿として生まれた。中村元・監修『ジャータカ全集』釈尊の547の前世物語で仏様は、人間はもとより、孔雀、ガチョウ、オウム、鳩、鷲、ウズラ、カラス、霊鳥ハンサ、うさぎ、猿、象、ライオン、ジャッカル、竜、トカゲ、蛙、帝釈天、樹神、海神などに生まれている。This deer motif was woven in the village. The same motif was one of Pidans hung at the ceiling of a temple in Takew.このピダンは村で織られ、タケオのある寺の天井にも同じ柄が飾られていた。
34 Small diamond shape.
Producer name: Unknown,
Place: Surin, North-east Thai.
Year: 2000s
This is not Pidan.ピダンではない。
35 Intertwined big Naga
Producer name: Mr. Bantoeun Wonwai,
Place: Dam Chareun village, Surin, North-east Thai.
Year: 2000s
We were fortunate to meet Mr. Bantoeun Wonwai at his workshop in Surin, North-East Thailand. He designed the intertwined Naga motif Pidan. He told us that once he had worked as a migrant worker but since he loves traditional arts and crafts, he returned to his home village and constructed his workshop.
Mr. Bantoeun used to like textiles when he was young, but socially it was not common for men to weave in his home village. When he was about 16 or 17 years old, he decided to emigrate for construction work and other careers including joining a traditional musical troupe. However, his desires and dreams for textile production made him return to his village to take on a weaving career four years later. He started to design and construct his workshop by himself using discarded wood logs left over from illegal logging in the neighborhood. His business began with 6 weavers and 6 looms. Even without government support, he has managed to expand his business. When we visited him in September 2015, he has forty-two people working in his workshop.
からみあうナーガのピダンをデザインしMr. Bantoeun Wonwaiに東北タイのスリンの彼の工房で会えたことは幸運だった。彼は、昔、出稼ぎに出たが、伝統的な美術工芸を愛しているので、故郷の村に戻り、工房を建設した、と話してくれた。
36 Ships with Naga heads, birds.
Producer name: Unknown, woven at the the workshop of Mr. Yaiyaimee,
Place: Sikhorapum village, Norng Kuav commune, Sikhorapum district, Surin, North-east Thai.
Year: 2000s
Ship motif with two naga heads at its head/stem and tail/stern. 6 layers. Similar Pidan was sold at the local textile market in Surin, North-East Thailand.
船首と船尾がナーガ頭の船柄。6段。東北タイのスリンの地元織物市場でも似た柄のピダンが売られていた。
The motif is quite similar to the motif in Pidan shown in Gillian Green’s book “Pictorial Cambodian Textiles” (pp.58-59). It depicts the float pratib with Naga terminals and a central pavilion like superstructure that is released to the river at the water-festival at the end of rainy season. 文様はGillian Green著 “Pictorial Cambodian Textiles” (pp.58-59)のピダンの文様に似ている。両端がナーガで中央に建物・上部構造がある浮き物を描いている。それは雨期明けの水祭りの時に、精霊流しのように灯をともして川に流される。
37 Architectures.
Producer name: Unknown,
Place: Sray Skoth village (This means “crazy woman village”), Van Giao, Southern Vietnam (Kampuchea Kraom).
Year: 2000s
Pidan obtained at Van Giao, Southern part of Vietnam, neighboring Cambodia. The motif is similar to the cremation pavilion motif of Pidan in “Pictorial Cambodian Textiles”（p.107, 109）by Gillian Green.
カンボジアに隣接し、クメール民族も住むベトナム南部Van Giaoで入手したピダン。Gillian Green著“Pictorial Cambodian Textiles”（p.107, 109）の火葬建造物のピダン柄に似ている。
38 Buddha, elephant, etc.
Producer name: Unknown,
Place: Sray Skoth village (This means “crazy woman village”) , Southern Vietnam (Kampuchea Kraom).
Year: 2000s
39 Women inside tower.
Producer name: Unknown,
Place: Unknown, Sold at an Antique shop near Toul Tompong market, Phnom Penh in 2000s.
Year: Unknown.
40 Two human sit in architecture.
Producer name: Unknown,
Place: Unknown, Sold at an Antique shop near Toul Tompong market, Phnom Penh in 2000s.
Year: Unknown.
41 Pagodas, elephants, etc.
Producer name: Unknown,
Place: Unknown, Sold at Psar Chah, Siem Reap. The shop said they bought it at Phnom Srok. (May be Banteay Meanchey?)
Year: 2000s.
[References]
福岡市美術館(Fukuoka Art Museum)、2003『カンボジアの染織』(“The Textiles of Cambodia”) 福岡市美術館
Green, G., 2003, Traditional Textiles of Cambodia, River Books, Bangkok.
―, 2008, Pictorial Cambodian Textiles, River Books, Bangkok
Siyonn, S. 2008. PIDAN (BITĀN) INKHMER CULTURE, REYUM, Phnom Penh.
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If you want to buy natural dye Pidan, textile (silk or cotton), please visit Kei Khmer in Phnom Penh, Cambodia.
草木染織物を買いたい方はプノンペンのKei Khmerへ<https://www.facebook.com/KeiKhmers/>
If you want to see Pidan, please visit National Museum in Phnom Penh.
ピダンを見たい方は #カンボジア 首都プノンペンの国立博物館へ。
<https://www.cambodiamuseum.info/index.html>
Past Pidan Exhibition at National Museum2010年ピダン展示会@国立博物館
"Old Stories Revied - New Cambodian Pidan"
<https://www.cambodiamuseum.info/en_exhibition/national_exhibition/All%20exhibition/Pidan%20Exhibition.html>
2014年ピダン展示会@国立博物館"Revitalizing Khmer Treasure – Pidan: Pictorial Ikat Silk"
<https://www.cambodiamuseum.info/en_exhibition/national_exhibition/All%20exhibition/Revitalizing_Pidan.html>
2016年ピダン展示会@国立博物館"Cambodian traditional pitorial silk textile preservation and development" <https://www.youtube.com/watch?reload=9&v=acqRPEEjpnQ>
For more info on Pidan, ピダンについては下記ご参照。
<https://sites.google.com/view/cambodia-ikat-silk-pidan/home>
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