Invasion ecology

Plant invasions occur when non-native plant species establish, spread, and dominate ecosystems outside their natural range. These invasions can disrupt ecological balance, outcompete native flora, alter soil chemistry, and affect water availability. Invasive plants often thrive due to a lack of natural predators or diseases in their new environments, enabling rapid growth and reproduction. Their impacts extend beyond biodiversity loss—they can hinder agriculture, increase fire risks, and incur significant economic costs through management and restoration efforts.

Studying plant invasions is crucial for several reasons:

First, it helps scientists understand the mechanisms behind species spread and ecosystem disruption. This knowledge informs early detection and rapid response strategies, which are more cost-effective than long-term control.

Second, research into invasions contributes to ecological theory, shedding light on species interactions, resilience, and adaptation.

Third, it supports policy development and land management practices aimed at conserving native biodiversity and ecosystem services. In a changing climate, where disturbances and global trade increase the risk of invasions, studying these phenomena becomes even more urgent. Ultimately, understanding plant invasions equips us to mitigate their impacts and protect ecological integrity for future generations.

Invasive acacias

Invasive Australian acacias, introduced globally for forestry, erosion control, and ornamental use, have become problematic in many ecosystems. These species often form dense stands that outcompete native vegetation, reduce biodiversity, and alter soil chemistry through nitrogen fixation. Their rapid growth and prolific seed production enable them to dominate landscapes, especially in fire-prone or disturbed areas. Acacias can also disrupt water cycles and increase fire risk due to their biomass. Managing their spread is challenging and costly, requiring long-term control strategies. Understanding their ecological impacts is essential for protecting native ecosystems and guiding restoration efforts in invaded regions.

With colleagues from RMIT and Parks Victoria, we are collaborating on a project to better understand the results of invasive Acacia longifolia management trial in the Grampians National park (Vic).

Collaborators: Dr Sam Grover (RMIT), Dr Marie Keatley (RMIT) et al.

Invasive Lantana camara

Lantana camara is a highly invasive shrub that poses serious ecological and economic threats in many regions, including Australia. It forms dense thickets that outcompete native plants, reducing biodiversity and altering habitat structure. Its allelopathic properties inhibit the growth of surrounding vegetation, while its toxicity harms livestock and wildlife. Lantana also increases fire risk due to its flammable biomass and thrives in disturbed areas, making it difficult to control. Its spread disrupts natural regeneration and land productivity, requiring costly and sustained management efforts. Understanding its impacts is vital for developing effective control strategies and protecting native ecosystems.

Several student projects focus on better understanding Lantana invasion ecology in south-east Queensland through plant-soil feedback experiments and investigating the role of endophytes in promoting invasion.

Collaborators: Dr John Dearnaley (UniSQ)

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