We have all seen deep discharge batteries that are sold to be used in Golf Cars, electric Fork Lifts, Rvs and many other things. I have seen them advertised but I did not understand the difference.
"Deep Discarge" batteries are designed to be discharged by up to 80% without damaging them. Standard batteries are designed not to be discharged
Conventional "Starter Batteries" are designed to put out a lot of amperage quickly to start your vehicle. These batteries will accept being charged and discharged over and over as long as you do not discharge them over 20% very often.
The main difference is in the design of the Plates.
A Battery is a chemical electrical energy storage box consisting of Metal Plates(often Zinc) and .an acidic electrolite(often Sulferic Acid)..
The Deep Dishcarge batteries have thicker plates that do not have as much surface area as the Regular batteries do. This allows them to discharged deeper and then be recharged. They will not put out as much power as quickly as a standard battery but they will put out power for a longer period.
The higher output standard batteries have thinner plates that are more like a mesh to give more surface area.