Whereas China is adopting a pragmatic approach to balance its economic and geostrategic imperatives, it has chosen differing trade strategies-the United States embracing protectionism using tariff and non-tariff barriers for the purpose of protection of native industries, preserving intellectual property rights, and ensuring national security; and China opting for trade liberalization and regional integration as instruments for sustaining growth and reducing its vulnerability to exogenous shocks.
The U.S. won some short-term gains in industries such as steel and aluminum, but it suffered from rising consumer prices, limited job creation, and a sustained trade deficit. In contrast, China's flexible policies allowed it to maintain economic stability and a trade surplus amidst global uncertainties
Both countries use strategic objectives of trade policy: the U.S. puts more stress on enforcement and alignment of foreign policy, while the biggest Chinese focus is regional dominance, supply chain integration through RCEP.
China's stance has been one of flexibility and collaboration; therefore, it is more in tune with the purpose of long-term economic sustainability and a good example for making trade resilient and competitive in today's globalized economy.
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