Here the optimization goal in the core DLO method is reversed. In this work we are seeking to develop software tools for engineers that can be used at the scoping stage, generating designs that are optimized for materials usage, carbon cost etc.

Unlike many other approaches which are tied to specific scenarios, our work is focused on developing globally applicable tools using robust optimization techniques that can identify potentially new forms of optimum layout or handle complex scenarios where simple solutions are lacking.

The image to the upper left illustrates results from a recent Geotechnique paper describing a technique for the global optimization of soil reinforcement layout against the Ultimate Limit State, that can be applied to any slope geometry.  For this simple example the procedure generated a layout using 12% less reinforcement than a design based on standard guidance (lower right image).

Key Publications

Gonzalez-Castejon, J. & Smith, CC (2020) Optimized Design of Soil Reinforcement Layout. Geotechnique: International Journal of Soil Mechanics, 10.1680/jgeot.19.P.326. 

This is a technique under development based on DLO that allows engineers to assess unstable/borderline geotechnical structures and determine the optimal areas where strengthening might be best applied, either to the existing structure or during construction of e.g. an embankment.   Alternatively it can be used to highlight areas to focus site investigation on, thus enabling a more efficient design of an SI campaign.  Further details will be available in a forthcoming paper in the International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering (ICSMGE 2026) in Vienna. 

Key Publications

Smith, CC and Jurko, J (2026) Enhanced assessment and mitigation design of slopes and embankments using globally optimized strengthening profiles, accepted ICSMGE 2026.