Very Critically endangered in India

Arthropoda

• Rameshwaram parachute spider (Poecilotheria hanumavilasumica)
• Peacock tarantula (Poecilotheria metallica)

Birds

• White-bellied heron (Ardea insignis)
• Great Indian bustard (Ardeotis nigriceps)
• Forest owlet (Athene blewitti)
• Baer's pochard (Aythya baeri)
• Spoon-billed sandpiper (Calidris pygmaea)
• Siberian crane (Grus leucogeranus)
• White-rumped vulture (Gyps bengalensis)
• Indian vulture (Gyps indicus)
• Slender-billed vulture (Gyps tenuirostris)
• Bengal florican (Houbaropsis bengalensis)
• Himalayan quail (Ophrysia superciliosa)
• Jerdon's courser (Rhinoptilus bitorquatus)
• Pink-headed duck (Rhodonessa caryophyllacea)
• Red-headed vulture (Sarcogyps calvus)
• Sociable lapwing (Vanellus gregarius)
• Bugun liocichla (Liocichla bugunorum)

Fish

• Wayanad mahseer (Barbodes wynaadensis)
• Pondicherry shark (Carcharhinus hemiodon)
• Ganges shark (Glyphis gangeticus)
• Glyptothorax kashmirensis (Glyptothorax kashmirensis)
• Kudremukh glyptothorax (Glyptothorax kudremukhensis)
• Nilgiri Mystus (Hemibagrus punctatus)
• Horalabiosa arunachalami (Horalabiosa arunachalami)
• Hypselobarbus pulchellus (Hypselobarbus pulchellus)
• Red Canarese barb (Hypselobarbus thomassi)
• Deccan labeo (Labeo potail)
• Mesonoemacheilus herrei (Mesonoemacheilus herrei)
• Bovany barb (Neolissochilus bovanicus)
• Deolali minnow (Parapsilorhynchus prateri)
• Pookode Lake barb (Pethia pookodensis)
• Common sawfish (Pristis pristis)
• Largetooth sawfish (Pristis microdon)
• Longcomb sawfish (Pristis zijsron)
• Psilorhynchus tenura (Psilorhynchus tenura)
• Deccan barb (Puntius deccanensis)
• Humpback mahseer
• Schistura papulifera (Schistura papulifera)

Insects

• Pygmy Hog Sucking Louse (Haematopinus oliveri)

Reptiles and amphibians

• Madras spotted skink (Barkudia insularis)
• Northern river terrapin (Batagur baska)
• Red-crowned roofed turtle (Batagur kachuga)
• Cnemaspis anaikattiensis(Cnemaspis anaikattiensis)
• Hawksbill sea turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata)
• Gharial (Gavialis gangeticus)
• Ghats wart frog (Fejervarya murthii)
• Jeypore ground gecko (Geckoella jeyporensis)
• Gundia Indian frog (Indirana gundia)
• Toad-skinned frog (Indirana phrynoderma)
• Charles Darwin's frog (Ingerana charlesdarwini)
• Rao's torrent frog (Micrixalus kottigeharensis)
• Dattatreya night frog (Nyctibatrachus dattatreyaensis)
• Sacred grove bushfrog (Philautus sanctisilvaticus)
• Amboli bush frog (Pseudophilautus amboli)
• White-spotted bush frog (Raorchestes chalazodes)
• Green eyed bushfrog (Raorchestes chlorosomma)
• Griet bush frog (Raorchestes griet)
• Kaikatti bushfrog (Raorchestes kaikatti)
• Mark's bushfrog (Raorchestes marki)
• Munnar bush frog (Raorchestes munnarensis)
• Ponmudi bush frog (Raorchestes ponmudi)
• Resplendent shrubfrog (Raorchestes resplendens)
• Shillong bubble-nest frog (Raorchestes shillongensis)
• Anaimalai flying frog (Rhacophorus pseudomalabaricus)
• Sushil's bushfrog (Raorchestes sushili)
• Amboli toad (Xanthophryne tigerina)
• Ghats wart frog (Zakerana murthii)

Mammals

• Asiatic cheetah: Extinct form India (Acinonyx jubatus venaticus)
• Sangai
• Namdapha flying squirrel (Biswamoyopterus biswasi)
• Himalayan wolf ("Canis himalayensis")
• Elvira rat (Cremnomys elvira)
• Andaman shrew (Crocidura andamanensis)
• Jenkins' shrew (Crocidura jenkinsi)
• Nicobar shrew (Crocidura nicobarica)
• Northern Sumatran rhinoceros: Extinct from India (Dicerorhinus sumatrensis lasiotis)
• Kondana soft-furred rat (Millardia kondana)
• Pygmy hog (Porcula salvania)
• Indian Javan rhinoceros: Extinct from India (Rhinoceros sondaicus inermis)
• Malabar large-spotted civet (Viverra civettina)
• Chinese pangolin (Manis pentadactyla)

Endangered

Fish

• Knifetooth sawfish (Anoxypristis cuspidata)
• Asian arowana (Scleropages formosus)
• Red line torpedo barb (Sahyadria denisonii)

Birds

• Narcondam hornbill (Rhyticero)

Reptiles

• Assam roofed turtle (Pangshura sylhetensis)

Mammals

• Asiatic lion (Panthera leo persica)
• Bengal tiger (Panthera tigris tigris)
• Blue whale (Balaenoptera musculus)
• Banteng (Bos javanicus)
• Central Kashmir vole (Alticola montosa)
• Dhole (Cuon alpinus)
• Fin whale (Balaenoptera physalus)
• Fishing cat (Prionailurus viverrinus)
• Ganges river dolphin (Platanista gangetica gangetica)
• Gee's golden langur (Trachypithecus geei)
• Kolar leaf-nosed bat (Hipposideros hypophyllus)
• Hispid hare (Caprolagus hispidus)
• Hoolock gibbons (Hoolock spp.)
• Indian elephant (Elephas maximus indicus)
• Indian tiger
• Indian wild ass (Equus hemionus khur)
• Lion-tailed macaque (Macaca silenus)
• Mandelli's mouse-eared bat (Myotis sicarius)
• Nilgiri marten (Martes gwatkinsii)
• Nicobar flying fox (Pteropus faunulus)
• Nilgiri langur (Trachypithecus johnii)
• Nilgiri tahr (Nilgiritragus hylocrius)
• Nicobar treeshrew (Tupaia nicobarica)
• Palm rat (Rattus palmarum)
• Red panda (Ailurus fulgens)
• Red goral (Naemorhedus baileyi)
• Snow leopard (Uncia uncia)
• Smooth-coated otter (Lutrogale perspicillata)
• Sei whale (Balaenoptera borealis)
• Stump-tailed macaque (Macaca arctoides)
• Sloth bear (Melursus ursinus)
• Servant mouse (Mus famulus)
• Swamp deer (Rucervus duvaucelii)
• Takin (Budorcas taxicolor)
• Tibetan antelope (Pantholops hodgsonii)
• White-bellied musk deer (Moschus leucogaster)
• Wild water buffalo (Bubalus arnee)
• Wild goat (Capra aegagrus)
• Woolly flying squirrel (Eupetaurus cinereus)

Animals

• Royal Bengal Tiger(Panthera Tigris Tigris)
• Asian Elephant(Elephas maximus)
• Black musk deer(Moschus fuscus )
• White-bellied musk deer(Moschus leucogaster )
• Alpine musk deer(Moschus chrysogaster )
• Anhui musk deer( Moschus anhuiensis )

Vulnerable

Listed by the IUCN as of 2012:

Mammals

• Barasingha (Rucervus duvaucelii)
• Clouded leopard
• Dugong
• Gaur
• Indian rhinoceros
• Marbled cat (Pardofelis marmorata)
• Rusty-spotted cat (Prionailurus rubiginosus)
• Sperm whale (Physeter macrocephalus)
• Yak (Bos grunhniens)

Reptiles and amphibians

• Olive ridley sea turtle

References:

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_endangered_animals_in_India