Crowded living conditions lead to friction between Black citizens and white citizens sharing public spaces and public transportation. Hampton Roads has mostly avoided major outbreaks of violence, but Black Americans across the country are bitter. They were promised equality after the Civil War, and Woodrow Wilson repeated the promise during World War I. Yet Black men and women continue to experience what W.E.B. Du Bois called “double consciousness.” They are expected to join in the fight against the racist Nazi regime in Europe, but they are expected to endure racism at home without resisting. Black Americans want to know what they are fighting for. They have answered their country’s call after Pearl Harbor, but they continue to hope and demand that their service will be justly rewarded. A letter to the Pittsburgh Courier, a newspaper for Black readers, urges Black Americans to adopt the double V for a double victory: victory over enemies both abroad and at home.