Computers use IP addresses to communicate with each other both over the internet as well as on other networks
The Internet Protocol (IP) is a protocol, or set of rules, for routing and addressing packets of data so that they can travel across networks and arrive at the correct destination. Data traversing the Internet is divided into smaller pieces, called packets. IP information is attached to each packet, and this information helps routers to send packets to the right place. Every device or domain that connects to the Internet is assigned an IP address, and as packets are directed to the IP address attached to them, data arrives where it is needed.
Once the packets arrive at their destination, they are handled differently depending on which transport protocol is used in combination with IP.
The most common transport protocols are TCP and UDP.
An IP address is a unique identifier assigned to a device or domain that connects to the Internet.
Each IP address is a series of characters, such as '192.168.1.1'.
Via DNS resolvers (MORE ON THIS SOON) , which translate human-readable domain names into IP addresses, users are able to access websites without memorizing this complex series of characters.
Each IP packet will contain both the IP address of the device or domain sending the packet and the IP address of the intended recipient, much like how both the destination address and the return address are included on a piece of mail.
The Internet Protocol (IP) is one of the core protocols in the layers of the Internet, as you might guess from its name.
It's used in all Internet communication to handle both addressing and routing.
The protocol describes the use of IP addresses to uniquely identify Internet-connected devices.
Just like homes need mailing addresses to receive mail, Internet-connected devices need an IP address to receive messages.
When a computer sends a message to another computer, it must specify the recipient's IP address and include its own IP address so that the second computer can reply.
For example, when a user types a domain name, like google.com, into a web browser, this will initiate a request to Google’s web server asking for content (the Google homepage). - RLEATED TO DNS Servers
Once Google receives the request, it needs to know where to send the website content. For this reason, the request will contain the asker’s IP address. Using the provided IP address, Google can send a response back to the user’s device, which will then display that content in the user’s web browser.
The solution to the depletion of IPv4 addresses is IPv6 (Internet Protocol version 6). The internet has been running out of IPv4 addresses since the 1990s due to the massive growth of connected devices.
IPv6 differs from IPv4 in two main ways:
Address Space: IPv4 uses a 32-bit address system, which allows for about 4.3 billion unique addresses. IPv6 uses a 128-bit address system, providing a vastly larger number of possible addresses to accommodate the growing number of internet-connected devices.
Format: IPv4 addresses are written as four decimal numbers separated by periods (e.g., 1.160.10.240). IPv6 addresses are written in hexadecimal and separated by colons (e.g., 3ffe:1900:4545:3:200:f8ff:fe21:67cf)