Overview: My research project aims to investigate the effects of Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) from ski and snowboard wax on the overall health and growth of Wisconsin Fast Plants or Brassica Rapa. 

Context: PFAS are toxic, environmentally persistent substances used in the production of the majority of ski and snowboard waxes. When a rider applies the wax, it is gradually rubbed off into the snow as they ride. This snowmelt leaches into nearby soil and water, polluting the surrounding plant life with PFAS from ski and snowboard wax.

Gap: There are a number of studies proving that ski and snowboard waxes contain PFAS, along with studies proving the presence of PFAS in environments where wax was abundantly used. This connection is further corroborated by other research that linked plant health to PFAS pollution. Given all of this prior research, my project investigates the gap between these other studies. I am investigating the effects of PFAS specifically resulting from ski and snowboard wax on plant life.