S1: Write ionization/dissociation equations and determine major entities for ionic, molecular and acidic compounds
S2: Utilize litmus, electrolyte/non-electrolyte, colorimetry, solubility, and precipitation to identify solutions
S3: Write balanced ionic net ionic equations, including identification of spectator ions
S4: Explain the energy changes occurring in an endothermic or exothermic process
S5: Calculate and express concentration using molarity, percent, and parts per million
S6: Describe and carry out the procedure required for preparing and diluting solutions
S7: Use ionization/dissociation equations to determine the concentration of ions in solution
S8: Calculate the quantities of reactants and/or products involved in chemical reactions, using solution stoichiometry
S9: Identify and predict theoretical yields for limiting and excess reagents