Garnierite (Nickel)
Garnierite is a yellowish-green coloured aphanitic mineral containing high Ni concentration, up to 19.9%. Garnierite because of its origins, is known to have a mixture of various hydrous silicates.
Fun Facts
The U.S. nickel, is made of 75% copper and 25% nickel.
Nickel is the second most abundant element in the Earth's core after iron.
Nickel plays a role in the cells of plants and some microorganisms.
Most nickel is obtained from the mineral pentlandite (NiS·2FeS).
Most of the world's supply of nickel is mined in the Sudbury region of Ontario, Canada.
Description of Mineral
Nickel is:
Silvery-white
Rigid
Malleable
Ductile
Highly polishable
Good conductor
100 percent recyclable.
What Metal is Nickel?
Nickel, a chemical element, and ferromagnetic metal of Group 10. Resistant to oxidation and corrosion.
About Nickel
Melting Point: 1728 K (1455°C or 2651°F)
Boiling Point: 3186 K (2913°C or 5275°F)
Density: 8.912 g/cm3.
Nickel Uses
Armour plating and jewelry
Batteries (rechargeable nickel-cadmium)
Nickel-metal hybrid batteries
Faucets and appliances
Where is Nickel found?
The world's nickel resources are estimated at 350 million tons.
Australia, Indonesia, South Africa, Russia, and Canada account for more than 50%.
Nickel Extraction
Nickel is mined from lateritic ores beneath the surface using equipment. Sulfidic ores are found in combination with copper ores mined underground. Nickel from lateritic ore is extracted through metallurgy.
Nickel Mines in Canada
Canada's Nickel Profit
Total trade in nickel and nickel-based products in 2021 was valued at $5.6 billion.
Exports of nickel and nickel-based products were valued at $4.7 billion.
Imports were valued at $927 million.
Canada exported 99,006 tonnes of unwrought nickel valued at $2.3 billion in 2021.
Canada's Balance with Nickel.
Does Canada have a healthy balance with Nickel and its resources?
Does Canada Nickel (CVE_CNC) Have A Healthy Balance Sheet_ - Simply Wall St News.pdf
Who Discovered Nickel
Nickel was discovered by Axel Fredrik Cronstedt in Sweden, 1751. In an attempt to extract copper from, kupfernickel (niccolite), its chemical reactions were not as expected. Only the white colour proved it was not copper. He then discovered a new element, Nickel.
Why Nickel is Important?
Building infrastructure
Resistant to oxidation and corrosion.
Chemical production
Resistance to corrosion helps its ability to withstand extreme temperatures.
Communications
Helps identify and eliminate covert channels in the interface of an information flow control system.
Energy supply
Hard, ductile, and malleable metal that is a good conductor of heat and electricity. Products containing nickel have more strength at high and low temperatures.
Environmental protection
Although, nickel production are energy intensive. Nickel is in applications where it reduces the generation of greenhouse gases during use.
Food preparation
Nickel, used in applications for food preparation, almost exclusively as a component in stainless steel. Nickel is favoured because of its durability, lack of reactivity with foods and excellent conductivity.
Works Cited
“Agiboo - Commodity Trade and Risk Management Software Solution.” Agiboo, www.agiboo.com/. Accessed 13 Feb. 2023.
Britannica. “Encyclopedia Britannica.” Encyclopædia Britannica, 2023, www.britannica.com/. Accessed 13 Feb. 2023.
Frontiers. “Frontiers | Peer Reviewed Articles - Open Access Journals.” Frontiers, 2014, www.frontiersin.org/. Accessed 13 Feb. 2023.
“Home | Nickel Institute.” Nickelinstitute.org, 2018, nickelinstitute.org/. Accessed 13 Feb. 2023.
“Science Education at Jefferson Lab.” Jlab.org, 2017, education.jlab.org/. Accessed 13 Feb. 2023.
Society, Royal. “The Royal Society of Chemistry.” Rsc.org, The Royal Society of Chemistry, 15 Aug. 2012, www.rsc.org/. Accessed 13 Feb. 2023.
“Water Treatment and Purification - Lenntech.” Lenntech.com, 2017, www.lenntech.com/. Accessed 13 Feb. 2023.
“Ducksters: Education Site.” Ducksters.com, 2018, www.ducksters.com. Accessed 21 Feb. 2023.
Canada, Natural Resources, and Ressources naturelles Canada. “Language Selection - Natural Resources Canada / Sélection de La Langue Ressources Naturelles Canada.” Natural-Resources.canada.ca, natural-resources.canada.ca. Accessed 23 Feb. 2023.
“Science Education at Jefferson Lab.” Jlab.org, 2018, education.jlab.org. Accessed 27 Feb. 2023.
“Sites at Dartmouth.” Sites.dartmouth.edu, sites.dartmouth.edu. Accessed 1 Mar. 2023.
“Nickel.” Nickel, nickel-atom.weebly.com/. Accessed 1 Mar. 2023.
“The Importance of Nickel in Everyday Life - Minerals Make Life.” Minerals Make Life, 10 Sept. 2015, mineralsmakelife.org/blog/the-importance-of-nickel-in-everyday-life1/. Accessed 2 Mar. 2023.
Sigurbjarnarson, H., Nelson, L., Castro-Karney, B., Bornholt, J., Torlak, E., & Wang, X. (n.d.). Nickel: A Framework for Design and Verification of Information Flow Control Systems. Retrieved March 9, 2023, from https://unsat.cs.washington.edu/papers/sigurbjarnarson-nickel.pdf
How nickel mining will be essential for powering the clean energy transition. (2022, October 26). Innovation News Network. https://www.innovationnewsnetwork.com/nickel-mining-powering-clean-energy-transition/26658/#:~:text=It%20is%20a%20hard%2C%20ductile
Nickel and the environment | Nickel Institute. (n.d.). Nickelinstitute.org. Retrieved March 9, 2023, from https://nickelinstitute.org/en/policy/nickel-and-the-environment/#:~:text=ENERGY%20AND%20CLIMATE%20CHANGE
Nickel and Food Contact Materials | Nickel Institute. (n.d.). Nickelinstitute.org. Retrieved March 9, 2023, from https://nickelinstitute.org/en/policy/nickel-and-product-policy/nickel-and-food-contact-materials/#:~:text=Nickel%20is%20used%20in%20a
“Education Resources Database | Minerals Education Coalition.” Minerals Education Coalition, 2016, mineralseducationcoalition.org/k-12-education/education-resources-database/.
“Minerals in Your House | Mineralogy4Kids.” Home | Mineralogy4Kids, min4kids.org/minerals-your-house/. Accessed 16 Mar. 2023.
Images/Gif's Cited
Wikipedia Contributors. “Sweden.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 21 Mar. 2019, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweden. Accessed 1 Mar. 2023.
“Uma Data de Datas - Barão Axel Fredrik Cronstedt Nasceu Em 23 de Dezembro de 1722, Químico E Mineralogista Sueco. Descobridor Do Elemento Metálico Magnético Níquel E Das Suas Propriedades. Cronstedt Também Descobriu O Mineral Scheelita Em 1751. (Wikipédia) Falecimento: 19 de Agosto de 1765, Säter, Suécia | Facebook.” Www.facebook.com, www.facebook.com/umadatadedatas/photos/a.217098238699454/341040102971933/?type=3. Accessed 1 Mar. 2023.
“Nickel - Properties, Fabrication and Applications of Commercially Pure Nickel.” AZoM.com, 29 Oct. 2003, www.azom.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=2193. Accessed 13 Feb. 2023.
“Nickel Reserves: Top 8 Countries (Updated 2022).” Investingnews.com, investingnews.com/daily/resource-investing/base-metals-investing/nickel-investing/nickel-reserves-by-country/. Accessed 13 Feb. 2023.
The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. “Nickel | Definition, Properties, Symbol, Uses, & Facts.” Encyclopædia Britannica, 2019, www.britannica.com/science/nickel-chemical-element. Accessed 13 Feb. 2023.
“IFPEN | Nickel in the Energy Transition: Why Is It Called the Devil’s Metal?” IFPEN, www.ifpenergiesnouvelles.com/article/nickel-energy-transition-why-it-called-devils-metal. Accessed 13 Feb. 2023.
“Figure 2. Processing Options for Various Types of Nickel Ore and Their...” ResearchGate, www.researchgate.net/figure/Processing-options-for-various-types-of-nickel-ore-and-their-products-Adapted-from_fig2_328157943. Accessed 13 Feb. 2023.
“Nickel.” Nickel, nickel-atom.weebly.com/. Accessed 1 Mar. 2023.
Smith, Richard. “The Importance of Profit in Health Care.” Richard Smith’s Non-Medical Blogs, 31 Aug. 2018, richardswsmith.wordpress.com/2018/08/31/the-importance-of-profit-in-health-care/. Accessed 1 Mar. 2023.
CBC Radio. “Nickel Is a Key Element of Electric Vehicles — but Mining It Takes an Environmental Toll.” CBC, 25 June 2022, www.cbc.ca/radio/day6/colombia-s-tiktok-presidential-candidate-unmade-jurassic-park-scripts-mining-nickel-for-ev-batteries-more-1.6484382/nickel-is-a-key-element-of-electric-vehicles-but-mining-it-takes-an-environmental-toll-1.6500497. Accessed 1 Mar. 2023.
“The Importance of Nickel in Everyday Life - Minerals Make Life.” Minerals Make Life, 10 Sept. 2015, mineralsmakelife.org/blog/the-importance-of-nickel-in-everyday-life1/. Accessed 2 Mar. 2023.
---. “Stainless Steel Loop GIF by Xponentialdesign - Find & Share on GIPHY.” Giphy.com, giphy.com/gifs/vjloops-nickel-decorative-eNYe5fkB63We8jRhvP. Accessed 20 Mar. 2023.
GIPHY. “80S 1980S GIF - Find & Share on GIPHY.” Giphy.com, giphy.com/gifs/batteries-energizer-zdfRtHAa9bLwc. Accessed 20 Mar. 2023.
---. “Donald Duck Money GIF - Find & Share on GIPHY.” Giphy.com, giphy.com/gifs/yosub-money-donald-duck-cash-xTiTnqUxyWbsAXq7Ju. Accessed 20 Mar. 2023.