Jumano

The Jumanos and Tiguas are located in the southwestern part of the state around the Pueblo Culture Region. The Jumanoes are largely an unknown tribe as little remains to document their existence. The Spaniards who met the Jumanoes called them the striped people because of the pattern of horizontal lines they painted or tattooed on their faces. The Jumanos and Tiguas lived in pueblo buildings made of adobe bricks.

The Jumano and Tigua tribe used irrigation to cultivate small farms in the El Paso region. The Jumano people would dig channels or ditches into the ground that would allow them to move water from the natural water source to their crops. Jumanos grew corn, dried squashes, beans, and other produce from the farming villages and would exchange these crops for pelts, meat, and other buffalo products, and foods such as piñon nuts, mesquite beans, and cactus fruits. Other trade goods included textiles, turquoise, exotic feathers, mineral pigments, shells, salt (from salines in New Mexico and near the lower Pecos), and possibly hallucinogens (including peyote, which was available at La Junta). The Jumanos obtained horses early, probably via their connections in Nueva Vizcaya, and may have been instrumental in introducing their use to the Caddo, Tonkawa, and other Texas tribes.

Source:TexasStateHistoricalAssociation https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/jumano-indians